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Clinical analysis of 74 cases of branchial cleft cysts and fistulasWANG Yingying, ZHANG Liqing, ZHOU Han, DONG Shikun, CHEN Haibing, CHEN Xi, DONG Weida Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The First Affiliated Hospital, Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, ChinaAbstract:Objective〓 This study aimed to describe the clinical features of 74 patients with cleft palate cysts and fistulas and analyze the diagnosis and treatment methods. MethodsBetween January 2010 and September 2019, the clinical data of 74 patients with branchial cleft cysts and fistulas were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed with related literature in our department. ResultsOf the 74 patients, 50 patients were diagnosed with second branchial cleft anomalies, 13 patients had first branchial cleft lesions, 10 patients had third branchial cleft lesions, and one patient had a fourth branchial cleft lesion. All patients received surgical treatment. After the exclusion of 3 patients who were lost to follow-up, 67 patients were successfully treated, 3 patients reported relapse, and 1 had permanent facial paralysis. ConclusionsThe clinical manifestations of congenital cleft palate cysts and fistulas are diverse, and the differential diagnosis is complicated. It is essential to perform a detailed physical examination and preoperative evaluation to make an accurate diagnosis. The approach for management is individualized, and surgical rehabilitation is the preferred treatment. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 111-116.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2019.523 Abstract （1118）      PDF（pc） （4587KB）（249）       Save Objective This study aimed to describe the clinical features of 74 patients with cleft palate cysts and fistulas and analyze the diagnosis and treatment methods. Methods Between January 2010 and September 2019, the clinical data of 74 patients with branchial cleft cysts and fistulas were retrospectively reviewed and analyzed with related literature in our department. Results Of the 74 patients, 50 patients were diagnosed with second branchial cleft anomalies, 13 patients had first branchial cleft lesions, 10 patients had third branchial cleft lesions, and one patient had a fourth branchial cleft lesion. All patients received surgical treatment. After the exclusion of 3 patients who were lost to follow-up, 67 patients were successfully treated, 3 patients reported relapse, and 1 had permanent facial paralysis. Conclusions The clinical manifestations of congenital cleft palate cysts and fistulas are diverse, and the differential diagnosis is complicated. It is essential to perform a detailed physical examination and preoperative evaluation to make an accurate diagnosis. The approach for management is individualized, and surgical rehabilitation is the preferred treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Case analysis of 25 cases of iris neovascularizationLI Xuan1,2, HUANG Yingxiang2 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China; 2. Department of Fundus Disease and Eye Trauma, Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medicine Sciences, Beijing 100040, ChinaAbstract: ObjectiveTo discuss the causes and appropriate treatment for iris neovascularization following the analysis of cases( eyes). MethodsIt was a retrospective case series study involving patients( eyes)with iris neovascularization diagnosed between September and July . All the patients underwent ophthalmic examination, and all the examination findings and treatments were recorded. The causes, correlative factors, and treatment outcomes of iris neovascularization were analyzed. ResultsOf the patients, ( eyes, .%)had retinal ischemic signs, including vitreous hemorrhage and retinal vascularization on fundus fluorescein angiography, ( eyes, .%)did not have retinal ischemic signs. After months of treatment, retinal vascularization resolved in all the cases, and iris neovascularization resolved completely in patients( eyes, .%), iris neovascularization was still found in patients( eyes, .%). ConclusionsAnterior segment ischemia may also lead to iris vascularization, although retinal ischemia was the main cause. Additionally, iris neovascularization may not always resolve with treatment for retinal ischemia. Finally, anti-VEGF drug injection was an effective treatment for iris neovascularization. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 41-47.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2020.050 Abstract （1084）      PDF（pc） （6318KB）（195）       Save Objective To discuss the causes and appropriate treatment for iris neovascularization following the analysis of 25 cases(28 eyes). Methods It was a retrospective case series study involving 25 patients(28 eyes)with iris neovascularization diagnosed between September 2014 and July 2016. All the patients underwent ophthalmic examination, and all the examination findings and treatments were recorded. The causes, correlative factors, and treatment outcomes of iris neovascularization were analyzed. Results Of the patients, 17(20 eyes, 71.4%)had retinal ischemic signs, including vitreous hemorrhage and retinal vascularization on fundus fluorescein angiography; 8(8 eyes, 28.6%)did not have retinal ischemic signs. After 3 months of treatment, retinal vascularization resolved in all the cases, and iris neovascularization resolved completely in 20 patients(23 eyes, 82.1%), iris neovascularization was still found in 5 patients(5 eyes, 17.9%). Conclusions Anterior segment ischemia may also lead to iris vascularization, although retinal ischemia was the main cause. Additionally, iris neovascularization may not always resolve with treatment for retinal ischemia. Finally, anti-VEGF drug injection was an effective treatment for iris neovascularization. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cervical vertebral osteomyelitis secondary to necrotizing otitis externa:a case report and review of literature TIAN Jun, LIU Liangfa, BAI Jiaqi Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (4): 1-5.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2022.174 Abstract （480）      PDF（pc） （5816KB）（193）       Save Objective To outline and analyze the clinical features and treatment option of cervical osteomyelitis secondary to necrotizing otitis externa. Methods We performed a retrospective review, along with literature review, of a case of C2-C6 osteomyelitis secondary to a necrotizing otitis externa in a diabetic patient, in order to outline its clinical manifestation, diagnosis, treatment option and prognosis. Results A total of five relevant studies published in Chinese and English from 2005 to 2022 were reviewed, and four cases(including the case presented in this study)were analyzed. The four cases involved three men and one woman(age range: 54-72 years). Only one patient had a history of head and neck radiotherapy, the remaining three were known diabetic patients. The lesions were extensive, involving two to five vertebral bodies. The causative pathogens isolated were all bacteria; however, the strains varied among the cases. After a systematic treatment, three patients(75%)succumbed to the disease as a result of bacterial resistance, poor compliance to medications, and severe comorbidity. Conclusion The lesions of necrotizing otitis externa can extend from the skull base to the cervical vertebrae, causing cervical osteomyelitis: a life-threatening condition that requires an aggressive treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Progress on diagnosis and treatment of middle ear cholesteatoma in children YANG Yang, WANG Xiaoxu, ZHANG Jie Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (1): 1-6.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.503 Abstract （586）      PDF（pc） （701KB）（188）       Save Middle ear cholesteatoma in children has population specificity in terms of prevalence, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations. Due to its gradual onset, early diagnosis and treatment have become difficult clinically. With the improvement and popularization of middle ear cholesteatoma in children, this disease is becoming of increasing interest. The application of clinical staging and the accuracy of surgical treatment have greatly improved. The long-term prognosis management of middle ear cholesteatoma in children with cleft palate, Turner syndrome, Down syndrome, and other special populations has also been given importance. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the efficacy of balloon eustachian tuboplasty combined with adenoidectomy in the treatment of otitis media with effusion in children GAO Xinzhong, LING Zongtong, SHEN Ling, LIU Pingfang, LIN Xin, XU Yangyang Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (1): 7-12.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.506 Abstract （2454）      PDF（pc） （447KB）（188）       Save Objective To investigate the medium-and short-term efficacy and safety of Eustachian tube balloon dilatation combined with adenoidectomy in the treatment of secretory otitis media in children. Methods Sixty-six children with secretory otitis media and adenoid hypertrophy in our department from July 2020 to February 2021 were analyzed retrospectively. Among them, 35 cases were treated with Eustachian tube balloon dilatation combined with adenoidectomy as the treatment group, and 31 cases with simple adenoidectomy as the control group. The postoperative curative effect and the proportion of complications were compared between the two groups. Results The curative effects at 1 month and 3 months after the operation in the treatment group were significantly better than those in the control group(all P<0.05), with the best curative effect observed at 3 months after the operation in the treatment group, which was significantly better than that at 1 month post-operation(P<0.05). There was no significant difference in the curative effects 6 months after the operation(P>0.05)and in intraoperative blood loss and postoperative complications between the two groups(all P>0.05). Conclusion Eustachian tube balloon dilatation combined with adenoidectomy can improve the curative effect in the short term, and it is minimally invasive and safe, with no obvious complications. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Posterior ischemic optic neuropathy after cataract surgery: a case report and literature reviewWANG Zongyi, QU Jinfeng Department of Ophthalmology, Peking University Peoples Hospital, Beijing 100044, ChinaAbstract:Objective〓 To explore the best method for diagnosis and treatments of post-surgical posterior ischemic optic neuropathy(PION). MethodsReview the medical records of a 78-year-old female patient who presented with sudden vision loss in her right eye on the fourth day after phacoemulsification and implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens in other hospital. After the electrophysiological examination and fundus fluorescein angiography, the patient was diagnosed as posterior ischemic optic neuropathy after cataract surgery in his right eye. She was administered with a retrobulbar injection of Anisodamine and placed on steroid pulse therapy. ResultsOn the 19th day after treatment, her visual acuity had recovered to 0.05. ConclusionThis is a rare case, and since post-surgical posterior ischemic optic neuropathy(PION)has no definite and effective treatment yet, active vigilance should be maintained before surgery. Detailed systemic history and physical examination are important for patients with high risks of developing PION, especially for evaluating their systemic hemodynamics. To sum up, PION should be considered in patients who have sudden severe vision loss and/or visual field defects with no obvious changes in the fundus after excluding other optic nerve diseases. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 56-59.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2020.051 Abstract （1196）      PDF（pc） （2719KB）（164）       Save Objective To explore the best method for diagnosis and treatments of post-surgical posterior ischemic optic neuropathy(PION). Methods Review the medical records of a 78-year-old female patient who presented with sudden vision loss in her right eye on the fourth day after phacoemulsification and implantation of a posterior chamber intraocular lens in other hospital. After the electrophysiological examination and fundus fluorescein angiography, the patient was diagnosed as posterior ischemic optic neuropathy after cataract surgery in his right eye. She was administered with a retrobulbar injection of Anisodamine and placed on steroid pulse therapy. Results On the 19th day after treatment, her visual acuity had recovered to 0.05. Conclusion This is a rare case, and since post-surgical posterior ischemic optic neuropathy(PION)has no definite and effective treatment yet, active vigilance should be maintained before surgery. Detailed systemic history and physical examination are important for patients with high risks of developing PION, especially for evaluating their systemic hemodynamics. To sum up, PION should be considered in patients who have sudden severe vision loss and/or visual field defects with no obvious changes in the fundus after excluding other optic nerve diseases. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical experience in diagnosis and treatment of stone in nasal cavity and sinusZHAI Xingyou1, HOU Junsheng2, LI Xinjian1, WANG Xin1, XIE Yingli1, WANG Wenjia1 1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Hainan Hospital, General Hospital of PLA, Hainan Province Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery Clinical Medical Research Center, Sanya 572013, Hainan, China; 2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, the First Affiliated Hospital of Henan University, Kaifeng 475001, Henan, ChinaAbstract:Objective To explore the genesis, clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention mechanisms of the formation of stones within the nasal cavity and sinus as well as measures toreduce the rate of clinical misdiagnosis. MethodsA comprehensive analysis was conducted on six patients with nasal and sinus calculi who visited the hospital between April 2012 and November 2017. The etiology, pathology, clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and complication management of the disease were summarized for each patient. ResultFive patients underwent surgery for the removal of stones from the nasal cavity and sinus under general anesthesia. Nasal endoscopy was also performed for the assessment of the related sinus passages. One patient recovered upon nasal irrigation and anti-inflammation treatment. All the patients were followed up for six months and the mucosal layer within the operation area that was epithelialized, recovered well. The symptoms disappeared without any additional complications. ConclusionNasal endoscopy in combination with the assessment of clinical manifestation and imaging are conducive to the diagnosis of the disease. Together, these could develop into an effective treatment regimen for nasal cavity and sinusoidal lithiasis. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 92-96.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2019.376 Abstract （1678）   HTML （117）    PDF（pc） （3306KB）（163）       Save Objective To explore the genesis, clinical diagnosis, treatment, and prevention mechanisms of the formation of stones within the nasal cavity and sinus as well as measures toreduce the rate of clinical misdiagnosis. Methods A comprehensive analysis was conducted on six patients with nasal and sinus calculi who visited the hospital between April 2012 and November 2017. The etiology, pathology, clinical diagnosis, differential diagnosis, treatment, prevention, and complication management of the disease were summarized for each patient. Result Five patients underwent surgery for the removal of stones from the nasal cavity and sinus under general anesthesia. Nasal endoscopy was also performed for the assessment of the related sinus passages. One patient recovered upon nasal irrigation and anti-inflammation treatment. All the patients were followed up for six months and the mucosal layer within the operation area that was epithelialized, recovered well. The symptoms disappeared without any additional complications. Conclusion Nasal endoscopy in combination with the assessment of clinical manifestation and imaging are conducive to the diagnosis of the disease. Together, these could develop into an effective treatment regimen for nasal cavity and sinusoidal lithiasis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Relationship between nasal foreign body and allergic rhinitis in children: a preliminary studyLIN Xing, SHEN Ling, LIN Zongtong, YANG Zhongjie Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Province/Fuzhou Children's Hospital of Fujian Medical University, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, ChinaAbstract: Objective〓 To investigate the relationship between nasal foreign bodies and allergic rhinitis in children. MethodsThis single-center study retrospectively evaluated the clinical data, treatment methods used, and complications reported for 161 pediatric patients with nasal foreign bodies who were treated between January 2017 and June 2018. ResultsA total of 161 patients were reviewed(91 boys and 70 girls). Among them, the age of high hair was 3-5 years old, and accounted for 81.4% of all the patients. Of these, 137(85.1%)children had nasal itching, rubbing nose, nose-picking, sneezing, epistaxis, nasal congestion, nasal hemorrhage, and other symptoms; 112 cases(69.6%)tested positive for sIgE(specific Immunoglobulin E)and were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children with nasal foreign bodies was 69.6%, significantly higher than that reported for the general population(7.83%-20.42%; P<0.001). ConclusionIn children, nasal foreign bodies are closely associated with allergic rhinitis. Children with nasal foreign bodies should be particularly monitored for the development of allergic rhinitis. When allergic rhinitis is suspected, it should be promptly diagnosed and optimal treatment should be administered. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 101-104.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2020.243 Abstract （1011）      PDF（pc） （634KB）（161）       Save Objective To investigate the relationship between nasal foreign bodies and allergic rhinitis in children. Methods This single-center study retrospectively evaluated the clinical data, treatment methods used, and complications reported for 161 pediatric patients with nasal foreign bodies who were treated between January 2017 and June 2018. Results A total of 161 patients were reviewed(91 boys and 70 girls). Among them, the age of high hair was 3-5 years old, and accounted for 81.4% of all the patients. Of these, 137(85.1%)children had nasal itching, rubbing nose, nose-picking, sneezing, epistaxis, nasal congestion, nasal hemorrhage, and other symptoms; 112 cases(69.6%)tested positive for sIgE(specific Immunoglobulin E)and were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis. The prevalence of allergic rhinitis in children with nasal foreign bodies was 69.6%, significantly higher than that reported for the general population(7.83%-20.42%; P<0.001). Conclusion In children, nasal foreign bodies are closely associated with allergic rhinitis. Children with nasal foreign bodies should be particularly monitored for the development of allergic rhinitis. When allergic rhinitis is suspected, it should be promptly diagnosed and optimal treatment should be administered. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correct interpretation of the predictors of ocular ischemic syndrome to improve diagnostic performance HUANG Yingxiang, WANG Yanling Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, China Abstract: Ocular ischemic syndrome(OIS)is a severe ophthalmic disease caused by ocular hypoperfusion, which occurs due to stenosis or occlusion of the common or internal carotid arteries. The clinical presentations and signs of OIS are complex, incidental, and different. OIS is easily misdiagnosed or remains undiagnosed because of its asymptomatic onset and complicated ocular manifestations. Therefore, it is crucial to trace the etiology of OIS. Presently, different imaging modalities can evaluate the carotid artery blood supply, collateral circulation, and brain perfusion. Thus, appropriate modalities must be selected for OIS diagnosis based on their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the auxiliary examination results should be accurately and promptly considered and interpreted when establishing a diagnosis of OIS. Thus, the management of OIS requires cooperation with ophthalmologists, cardiologists, and neurologists. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 1-4.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2020.047 Abstract （1338）      PDF（pc） （532KB）（159）       Save Ocular ischemic syndrome(OIS)is a severe ophthalmic disease caused by ocular hypoperfusion, which occurs due to stenosis or occlusion of the common or internal carotid arteries. The clinical presentations and signs of OIS are complex, incidental, and different. OIS is easily misdiagnosed or remains undiagnosed because of its asymptomatic onset and complicated ocular manifestations. Therefore, it is crucial to trace the etiology of OIS. Presently, different imaging modalities can evaluate the carotid artery blood supply, collateral circulation, and brain perfusion. Thus, appropriate modalities must be selected for OIS diagnosis based on their advantages and disadvantages. Furthermore, the auxiliary examination results should be accurately and promptly considered and interpreted when establishing a diagnosis of OIS. Thus, the management of OIS requires cooperation with ophthalmologists, cardiologists, and neurologists. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in research on related signaling pathways in allergic rhinitisHUANG Jiali1 Review YANG Shurong2〓Guidance 1.Department of Clinical Medicine, Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine,Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, China 2.Department of Otolaryngology, Affiliated Hospital of Jiangxi University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Nanchang 330000, Jiangxi, ChinaAbstract: The occurrence and development of allergic rhinitis involves a variety of signal transduction pathways. Studying signal transduction pathways can promote the progress of pathogenesis research, suggesting that we can block the conduction of pathways in a pathway to achieve therapeutic effects. Open up new prospects for designing and developing more effective new drug treatments.The common signaling pathways in allergic rhinitis are reviewed in this article to provide a reference for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 125-129.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2019.355 Abstract （928）      PDF（pc） （379KB）（142）       Save The occurrence and development of allergic rhinitis involves a variety of signal transduction pathways. Studying signal transduction pathways can promote the progress of pathogenesis research, suggesting that we can block the conduction of pathways in a pathway to achieve therapeutic effects. Open up new prospects for designing and developing more effective new drug treatments.The common signaling pathways in allergic rhinitis are reviewed in this article to provide a reference for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Potential risk factors and evaluation of a predictive risk score model for postoperative adhesion in functional endoscopic sinus surgeryCHEN Dong1, YU Hong2, LI Yang1, HUANG Qiang1, FANG Min1 1. Department of Otolaryngology, Jiangyou Peoples Hospital, Jiangyou 621700, Sichuan, China; 2. Department of Pathology, Jiangyou Peoples Hospital, Jiangyou 621700, Sichuan, ChinaAbstract:Objective〓 This study was conducted to explore the preoperative risk factors for postoperative adhesion in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery(FESS), and to construct a risk score model to evaluate their predictive effect. MethodsA retrospective study was conducted on 323 patients with CRS who underwent FESS at our hospital between January 2015 and June 2018. The risk factors for postoperative adhesion were screened using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. The risk score was assigned according to the odds ratio(OR)value, and a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive effect. ResultsPostoperative adhesion occurred in 35 patients(10.8%). The logistic regression results showed that concha bullosa, primary FESS, operative experience less than 10 years, and a history of middle turbinate resection were independent risk factors for postoperative adhesion in FESS. The OR values were 1.12(95% CI: 1.06-1.18), 3.87(95% CI: 2.23-5.51), 3.19(95% CI: 2.07-4.31), and 2.24(95% CI:1.95-2.53), respectively. The risk score model assigned 1 point for vesicular middle turbinate, 4 points for first time FESS, 3 points for operative experience less than 10 years, and 2 points for middle turbinate resection. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.784(95% CI: 0.672-0.896, P<0.05). When 4 points were selected as the cut-off point, the Jordan index was the largest, with a sensitivity of 75.1% and a specificity of 73.6%. ConclusionThe incidence of postoperative adhesion in 323 patients with CRS who underwent FESS was 10.8%. The risk score model has certain reference value for predicting high-risk postoperative adhesion. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 87-91.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2019.373 Abstract （1094）      PDF（pc） （908KB）（137）       Save Objective This study was conducted to explore the preoperative risk factors for postoperative adhesion in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis(CRS)undergoing functional endoscopic sinus surgery(FESS), and to construct a risk score model to evaluate their predictive effect. Methods A retrospective study was conducted on 323 patients with CRS who underwent FESS at our hospital between January 2015 and June 2018. The risk factors for postoperative adhesion were screened using a multivariate logistic regression analysis. The risk score was assigned according to the odds ratio(OR)value, and a receiver operating characteristic(ROC)curve was drawn to evaluate the predictive effect. Results Postoperative adhesion occurred in 35 patients(10.8%). The logistic regression results showed that concha bullosa, primary FESS, operative experience less than 10 years, and a history of middle turbinate resection were independent risk factors for postoperative adhesion in FESS. The OR values were 1.12(95% CI: 1.06-1.18), 3.87(95% CI: 2.23-5.51), 3.19(95% CI: 2.07-4.31), and 2.24(95% CI:1.95-2.53), respectively. The risk score model assigned 1 point for vesicular middle turbinate, 4 points for first time FESS, 3 points for operative experience less than 10 years, and 2 points for middle turbinate resection. The ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve(AUC)was 0.784(95% CI: 0.672-0.896, P<0.05). When 4 points were selected as the cut-off point, the Jordan index was the largest, with a sensitivity of 75.1% and a specificity of 73.6%. Conclusion The incidence of postoperative adhesion in 323 patients with CRS who underwent FESS was 10.8%. The risk score model has certain reference value for predicting high-risk postoperative adhesion. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A case of ophthalmic ischemic syndrome treated by chinese medicine combined with laser and operation and literature reviewGUO Xinlu, GAO Jiansheng, JIE Chuanhong Eye Hospital China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100040 Abstract: By analyzing the treatment process of a clinical case of ocular ischemic syndrome, the clinical significance of combined therapy in the treatment of ocular ischemic syndrome was discussed.眼缺血综合征(ocular ischemic syndrome, OIS)是由颈动脉阻塞或狭窄所致脑和眼的供血不足, 动脉灌注压过低而引起的眼前后节缺血病征, 属于一种慢性缺血性疾病。由于该病临床表现多样, 常见漏诊和误诊, 从而导致严重后果。Hedges于年在一位左侧颈内动脉完全阻塞的患者眼底中发现视网膜血管扩张和周围点状出血的现象。同年, 另有两位学者报道称约%的“静脉淤滞性视网膜病变”患者伴有单侧颈动脉狭窄或闭塞。近年来, 随着眼科医生对此类眼病认识的不断提升, 这些可能由于颈动脉狭窄或闭塞引起的眼部疾病逐渐被统称为“眼缺血综合征”。目前国内针对OIS的多学科系统研究并不多见, 大多数报道均来自眼科医师, 表明本病临床认识尚不足够。现将 例OIS患者的诊疗资料报告如下, 并结合文献资料进行讨论。 Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 48-52.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2020.045 Abstract （1032）      PDF（pc） （3460KB）（136）       Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the diagnosis and treatment of carotid artery stenosisXU Zeqin Overview GUO Lianrui Guidance Department of Vascular Surgery, Xuan Wu Hospital and Institute of Vascular Surgery, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100053, ChinaAbstract: Carotid artery stenosis is a common clinical disorder. Its main clinical symptoms are transient ischemic attacks and cerebral infarction, ocular ischemic syndrome(OIS)is rare. Its diagnostic imaging modalities include doppler ultrasound imaging, CTA, and MRA. Medical therapy, including risk factor management of atherosclerosis, is necessary for all patients with carotid artery stenosis. Carotid revascularization techniques, including carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting, should be performed for asymptomatic patients with severe carotid artery stenosis and symptomatic patients with moderate carotid stenosis. Patients with carotid artery stenosis need early interventions to prevent stroke, improve ocular artery perfusion, and, ultimately, prevent further vision loss. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 11-15.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2020.054 Abstract （984）      PDF（pc） （646KB）（130）       Save Carotid artery stenosis is a common clinical disorder. Its main clinical symptoms are transient ischemic attacks and cerebral infarction; ocular ischemic syndrome(OIS)is rare. Its diagnostic imaging modalities include doppler ultrasound imaging, CTA, and MRA. Medical therapy, including risk factor management of atherosclerosis, is necessary for all patients with carotid artery stenosis. Carotid revascularization techniques, including carotid endarterectomy or carotid artery stenting, should be performed for asymptomatic patients with severe carotid artery stenosis and symptomatic patients with moderate carotid stenosis. Patients with carotid artery stenosis need early interventions to prevent stroke, improve ocular artery perfusion, and, ultimately, prevent further vision loss. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Association between the classification of blood pressure and retinal vessel diameter measured by SD-OCTFENG Xue1, WANG Haiwei2, LI Wensi1, YANG Xintong1, SUN Cun1, ZHAO Yuan1, ZHAO Pengbo1, ZHANG Jianqiang1 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Moslem People's Hospital, Beijing 100054, China; 2. Department of Ophthalmology, Fuxing Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100038, ChinaAbstract: ObjectiveTo analyze the association between the classification of blood pressure and retinal vessel diameter measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT). MethodsThis was a cross-sectional study that included 103 patients(103 eyes)with hypertension. Based on the classification of hypertension, the subjects were divided into three groups: the isolated systolic hypertension(ISH)(34 eyes), isolated diastolic hypertension(IDH)(34 eyes), and systolic combined with diastolic hypertension(SDH)(35 eyes)groups. Retinal vessel diameters were measured by SD-OCT. The differences among the central retinal arteriolar equivalents(CRAEs), the central retinal venular equivalents(CRVEs), and the artery-to-vein ratios(AVRs)of the three groups were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between blood pressure and AVR. ResultsThere were significant differences among the CRAEs and AVRs of the three groups(F=4.543, 4.308; P=0.013, 0.016). The CRAE and AVR of the SDH group were the lowest; those of the IDH group were the highest. There were no significant differences among the CRVEs of the three groups(F=0.417, P=0.660). After correction for risk factors, such as gender and age, multivariate logistic regression showed that patients with high systolic blood pressure were more likely to have AVRs of < 0.7 (OR=1.080, P=0.015). ConclusionsAmong the three types of hypertension, SDH was associated with the lowest CRAE and AVR. High systolic pressure is a risk factor for AVRs of < 0.7. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 64-68.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2020.052 Abstract （1032）      PDF（pc） （2773KB）（129）       Save Objective To analyze the association between the classification of blood pressure and retinal vessel diameter measured by spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT). Methods This was a cross-sectional study that included 103 patients(103 eyes)with hypertension. Based on the classification of hypertension, the subjects were divided into three groups: the isolated systolic hypertension(ISH)(34 eyes), isolated diastolic hypertension(IDH)(34 eyes), and systolic combined with diastolic hypertension(SDH)(35 eyes)groups. Retinal vessel diameters were measured by SD-OCT. The differences among the central retinal arteriolar equivalents(CRAEs), the central retinal venular equivalents(CRVEs), and the artery-to-vein ratios(AVRs)of the three groups were analyzed. Multivariate logistic regression was performed to evaluate the association between blood pressure and AVR. Results There were significant differences among the CRAEs and AVRs of the three groups(F=4.543, 4.308; P=0.013, 0.016). The CRAE and AVR of the SDH group were the lowest; those of the IDH group were the highest. There were no significant differences among the CRVEs of the three groups(F=0.417, P=0.660). After correction for risk factors, such as gender and age, multivariate logistic regression showed that patients with high systolic blood pressure were more likely to have AVRs of < 0.7 (OR=1.080, P=0.015). Conclusions Among the three types of hypertension, SDH was associated with the lowest CRAE and AVR. High systolic pressure is a risk factor for AVRs of < 0.7. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Dynamic analysis of rhinogenic headacheZHOU Fangming1, XIE Yan2, LIU Yang2 Overview JIANG Luyun2〓Guidance 1. Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan, China 2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Hospital of Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Chengdu 610075, Sichuan, ChinaAbstract: Rhinogenic headache is caused by rhinosinusitis or abnormal nasal anatomy. Currently, there are clear classifications and pain grading standards to diagnose the same. Further, its mechanism of action is now understood to involve trigeminal nerve stimulation and sensory neuropeptide substance P. Functional endoscopic surgery(FESS)is prioritized as a treatment modality. During surgery, it is imperative to restore the normal anatomy of the nasal cavity. Several clinical studies have reported that FESS was significantly effective in treating rhinogenic headache, with an overall effective rate of 90% and cure rate of 78%. Additionally, one report indicates that postoperative endoscopic examination and dressing change can effectively reduce the occurrence of complications and ensure safety of the treatment. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 130-133.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2019.557 Abstract （972）      PDF（pc） （374KB）（120）       Save Rhinogenic headache is caused by rhinosinusitis or abnormal nasal anatomy. Currently, there are clear classifications and pain grading standards to diagnose the same. Further, its mechanism of action is now understood to involve trigeminal nerve stimulation and sensory neuropeptide substance P. Functional endoscopic surgery(FESS)is prioritized as a treatment modality. During surgery, it is imperative to restore the normal anatomy of the nasal cavity. Several clinical studies have reported that FESS was significantly effective in treating rhinogenic headache, with an overall effective rate of 90% and cure rate of 78%. Additionally, one report indicates that postoperative endoscopic examination and dressing change can effectively reduce the occurrence of complications and ensure safety of the treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the study of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome and laryngopharyngeal reflux diseaseWANG Hongyan, WANG SanchunOverview TENG Bo, GE Min Guidance Department of Otolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery, the Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130022, Jilin, ChinaAbstract: Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS)and laryngopharyngeal reflux disease(LPRD)are two common diseases in otolaryngology. In recent years, with the increasing incidence, these diseases have affected the health of more and more people. As research on these two diseases continues to expand, the correlation between them has captured the attention of a number of scholars. In this study, we reviewed the recently published literature on the two diseases, concluding that there is a correlation between them. We have also elaborated on the factors and mechanisms of their mutual influence, analyzed the existing treatment methods of OSAS and LPRD, and provided new ideas for further refinement of the diagnosis and treatment. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 134-138.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2019.565 Abstract （876）      PDF（pc） （415KB）（120）       Save Obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS)and laryngopharyngeal reflux disease(LPRD)are two common diseases in otolaryngology. In recent years, with the increasing incidence, these diseases have affected the health of more and more people. As research on these two diseases continues to expand, the correlation between them has captured the attention of a number of scholars. In this study, we reviewed the recently published literature on the two diseases, concluding that there is a correlation between them. We have also elaborated on the factors and mechanisms of their mutual influence, analyzed the existing treatment methods of OSAS and LPRD, and provided new ideas for further refinement of the diagnosis and treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application progress of thrombolysis in retinal artery occlusionYANG Ming Overview WEI Wenbin Guidance Beijing Tongren Hospital, Capital Medical University / Beijing Tongren Eye Center / Beijing key Laboratory of Intraocular Tumor Diagnosis and Treatment / Beijing Ophthalmology&Visual Sciences Key Lab / Medical Artificial Intelligence Research and Verification Key Laboratory of the Ministry of Industry and Information Technology, Beijing 100730, ChinaAbstract: Central retinal artery occlusion(CRAO)is the most common cause of acute vision loss. Thrombolysis is a more radical treatment than conservative treatment, including arterial thrombolysis and intravenous thrombolysis, as well as the combination therapy of thrombolysis and other therapies. Thrombolysis treatment can improve the visual acuity of CRAO patients, but because of its lack of randomized controlled trials, further clinical studies are needed to determine their efficacy and safety. Our review summarized the application progress of thrombolysis in recent ten years, further evaluated its safety and effectiveness, and provided an evidence for clinical application. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 5-10.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2020.048 Abstract （1037）      PDF（pc） （722KB）（118）       Save Central retinal artery occlusion(CRAO)is the most common cause of acute vision loss. Thrombolysis is a more radical treatment than conservative treatment, including arterial thrombolysis and intravenous thrombolysis, as well as the combination therapy of thrombolysis and other therapies. Thrombolysis treatment can improve the visual acuity of CRAO patients, but because of its lack of randomized controlled trials, further clinical studies are needed to determine their efficacy and safety. Our review summarized the application progress of thrombolysis in recent ten years, further evaluated its safety and effectiveness, and provided an evidence for clinical application. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Neovascular glaucoma in ocular ischemic syndrome: a case report and literature reviewQIN Shuqi1, WANG Luping1, JIANG Bin2, WANG Yanling1 1. Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10050, China; 2. Department of Neurology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 10050, ChinaAbstract: ObjectiveTo discuss the early diagnosis and multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of neovascular glaucoma in ocular ischemic syndrome. MethodsThe medical records of a 54-year-old male patient with cerebral infarction who presented with right-eye vision loss that had persisted for a week were reviewed. After slit-lamp examination and fluorescence angiography, he was diagnosed with ocular ischemic syndrome(OIS)complicated by neovascular glaucoma in the right eye and treated with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs and panretinal photocoagulation. ResultsAfter three months of treatment, the right-eye iris neovascularization subsided, and the intraocular pressure was controlled within normal limits. ConclusionOcular ischemia is often missed or misdiagnosed by ophthalmologists, neurologists, cardiologists, and vascular surgeons due to its insidious onset and complex clinical manifestations. Therefore, the establishment of multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment can improve the prognosis of OIS patients. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 53-55.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2020.055 Abstract （1002）      PDF（pc） （2686KB）（117）       Save Objective To discuss the early diagnosis and multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment of neovascular glaucoma in ocular ischemic syndrome. Methods The medical records of a 54-year-old male patient with cerebral infarction who presented with right-eye vision loss that had persisted for a week were reviewed. After slit-lamp examination and fluorescence angiography, he was diagnosed with ocular ischemic syndrome(OIS)complicated by neovascular glaucoma in the right eye and treated with intravitreal injection of anti-VEGF drugs and panretinal photocoagulation. Results After three months of treatment, the right-eye iris neovascularization subsided, and the intraocular pressure was controlled within normal limits. Conclusion Ocular ischemia is often missed or misdiagnosed by ophthalmologists, neurologists, cardiologists, and vascular surgeons due to its insidious onset and complex clinical manifestations. Therefore, the establishment of multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment can improve the prognosis of OIS patients. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of the literature on ocular ischemic syndrome at home and abroadMENG Bo, HUANG Yingxiang, WANG Kang, ZHAO Lu, WANG Yanling Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, ChinaAbstract: ObjectiveObjectiveTo analyze the literature on ocular ischemic syndrome published between January , and December , . MethodPapers on OIS that were published between January , and December , , were screened and retrieved from the CNKI and WOS databases, and those that were relevant were searched and analyzed. ResultsIn this analysis, Chinese papers on OIS were cited for times with an h-index of , while foreign papers were cited for times with an h-index of . Of the organizations that published the highest number of papers and had the highest h-indexes, the Capital Medical University and the Polish Medical University of Pomerania were the leading institutions. The Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology was the leading domestic journal, and the Journal of Ophthalmology and Plos One were the leading foreign journals. China published the highest number of papers abroad, China and South Korea had the highest h-indexes. China′s National Natural Science Foundation provided the most support to the field of OIS, accounting for .% of the total domestic literature. The most frequently cited article in the WOS database was by Hayreh, SS, which was on the prevalence and pathogenesis of ocular vascular occlusive disease and melanosis, it was also part of the top ten studies that focused on the utility of OCT in providing insights into OIS and the mechanisms of ischemia and hypoxia. ConclusionThe utility of OCT in providing insights into OIS and the mechanisms of hypoxia and ischemia represents a modern focus of researchers. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 35-40.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2020.044 Abstract （1129）      PDF（pc） （1272KB）（116）       Save Objective Objective To analyze the literature on ocular ischemic syndrome published between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2019. Method Papers on OIS that were published between January 1, 2014 and December 31, 2019, were screened and retrieved from the CNKI and WOS databases, and those that were relevant were searched and analyzed. Results In this analysis, 35 Chinese papers on OIS were cited for 41 times with an h-index of 2, while 48 foreign papers were cited for 115 times with an h-index of 6. Of the organizations that published the highest number of papers and had the highest h-indexes, the Capital Medical University and the Polish Medical University of Pomerania were the leading institutions. The Chinese Journal of Ophthalmology was the leading domestic journal, and the Journal of Ophthalmology and Plos One were the leading foreign journals. China published the highest number of papers abroad; China and South Korea had the highest h-indexes. China's National Natural Science Foundation provided the most support to the field of OIS, accounting for 20.8% of the total domestic literature. The most frequently cited article in the WOS database was by Hayreh, SS, which was on the prevalence and pathogenesis of ocular vascular occlusive disease and melanosis; it was also part of the top ten studies that focused on the utility of OCT in providing insights into OIS and the mechanisms of ischemia and hypoxia. Conclusion The utility of OCT in providing insights into OIS and the mechanisms of hypoxia and ischemia represents a modern focus of researchers. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Bilateral ossification of the auricular cartilage: a case report and literature review LIU Bo, XIAO Xuping, LI Yunqiu, ZHOU En, GUO Renbin Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (4): 12-16.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.234 Abstract （358）      PDF（pc） （4119KB）（116）       Save Objective The study aimed to explore the pathogenesis, clinical manifestations, diagnostic basis, differential diagnoses, and treatment methods of auricular cartilage ossification. Methods The clinical data of a patient with auricular cartilage ossification was retrospectively analyzed. A review of related literature was included for summary. Results The pathogenesis of auricular cartilage ossification is yet to be elucidated. Obvious discomfort is not a common finding; however, a few cases may present with local pain, hearing loss, and other symptoms. Computerized tomography of the temporal bone aids in diagnosis, but histopathological examination dictates the final diagnosis. Patients with no obvious symptoms may opt for temporary observation. However, surgical management is the treatment of choice if quality of life and function are affected. Conclusion Auricular cartilage ossification is relatively uncommon in clinical practice, and currently, no treatments have been developed to reverse its course. Active risk identification and early intervention are key to prevent disease progression. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Cisplatin resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells is affected by Notch receptors through the regulation of epithelial-mesenchymal transition rather than cell cycle controlHAN Jibo, ZOU You, YANG Rui, TAO Zezhang Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Wuhan 430060, Hubei, ChinaAbstract:Objective〓 The objective of this study was to analyze the effects and possible regulatory mechanisms that Notch receptors could have on cisplatin resistance, observed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. MethodsWestern blot analysis was used for the detection of Notch receptor expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and cisplatin-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells(5-8F, 5-8F/CDDP). Flow cytometry was used to investigate how the combined treatment with 10 μM CDDP and different concentrations of γ-secretase inhibitor(DAPT)could affect apoptosis in 5-8F/CDDP cells. Flow cytometry was also used for the detection of cell cycle stages in DAPT-treated 5-8F / CDDP cells. Finally, western blotting was also used for the detection of drug resistance-related protein expression. All experiments were followed by statistical data analysis. ResultsWe observed significantly higher Notch1 and Notch4 receptor expression in 5-8F/CDDP cells than in 5-8F cells(P=0.003, P=0.004). Furthermore, we described that Notch signaling was inhibited by DAPT in 5-8F/CDDP cells, followed by a significant increase in the apoptosis rate and decrease in cell proliferation, induced by cisplatin in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05). Moreover, after inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway in 5-8F/CDDP cells, DAPT treatment significantly decreased the expression of Cyclin E and CDK-2, proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, and contributed to blocking the cells in the G1/S phase(P<0.05). At the same time, the expression levels of both the EMT-related protein Slug and the DNA excision repair protein ERCC1 significantly decreased, while that of E-Cadherin was up-regulated. ConclusionUp-regulated expression of Notch1 and Notch4 receptors is associated with cisplatin resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. The inactivation of the Notch signaling pathway might thus have the potential to enhance the efficiency of cisplatin chemotherapy in drug-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by inhibiting EMT rather than blocking the G1/S cell cycle phase. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 105-110.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2019.503 Abstract （859）      PDF（pc） （4420KB）（113）       Save Objective The objective of this study was to analyze the effects and possible regulatory mechanisms that Notch receptors could have on cisplatin resistance, observed in nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods Western blot analysis was used for the detection of Notch receptor expression in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells and cisplatin-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells(5-8F, 5-8F/CDDP). Flow cytometry was used to investigate how the combined treatment with 10 μM CDDP and different concentrations of γ-secretase inhibitor(DAPT)could affect apoptosis in 5-8F/CDDP cells. Flow cytometry was also used for the detection of cell cycle stages in DAPT-treated 5-8F / CDDP cells. Finally, western blotting was also used for the detection of drug resistance-related protein expression. All experiments were followed by statistical data analysis. Results We observed significantly higher Notch1 and Notch4 receptor expression in 5-8F/CDDP cells than in 5-8F cells(P=0.003, P=0.004). Furthermore, we described that Notch signaling was inhibited by DAPT in 5-8F/CDDP cells, followed by a significant increase in the apoptosis rate and decrease in cell proliferation, induced by cisplatin in a dose-dependent manner(P<0.05). Moreover, after inhibiting the Notch signaling pathway in 5-8F/CDDP cells, DAPT treatment significantly decreased the expression of Cyclin E and CDK-2, proteins involved in cell cycle regulation, and contributed to blocking the cells in the G1/S phase(P<0.05). At the same time, the expression levels of both the EMT-related protein Slug and the DNA excision repair protein ERCC1 significantly decreased, while that of E-Cadherin was up-regulated. Conclusion Up-regulated expression of Notch1 and Notch4 receptors is associated with cisplatin resistance in nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells. The inactivation of the Notch signaling pathway might thus have the potential to enhance the efficiency of cisplatin chemotherapy in drug-resistant nasopharyngeal carcinoma cells by inhibiting EMT rather than blocking the G1/S cell cycle phase. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of differentially expressed genes during cetuximab treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma using bioinformaticsYU Kena1, SUN Kaiyue2, ZHANG Jie1, JIN Peng1 1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, The Second Hospital of Shandong University, Jinan 250033, Shandong, China; 2. Shandong Provincial Otorhinolaryngology Hospital, Cheeloo College of Medicine, Shandong University, Jinan 250022, Shandong, ChinaAbstract: ObjectiveThe aim of this study was to provide new perspectives and targets for the treatment of HNSCC by screening differentially expressed genes during cetuximab treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)using bioinformatics. MethodsThe chip dataset, GSE109756, was downloaded from the GEO database, and the online analysis tool, GEO2R, was used to screen differentially expressed genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues treated with and without cetuximab. The DAVID 6.8 and STRING online software were used to analyze the function of the differentially expressed genes, their pathway enrichment, and their protein interactions. Cytoscape was used to visualize and analyze the protein interactions. The online analysis tool, X2K, was used to find the transcription factors, the kinases of differentially expressed genes, and their mutual regulatory relationship with the targeted genes. ResultsNinety-one differentially expressed genes, including 50 up-regulated and 41 down-regulated genes(P<0.05; | logFC | > 1), were found in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues treated with and without cetuximab. The GO and KEGG pathway analyses suggested that these differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched with immunomodulation, extracellular matrix, and other processes. Through the construction of a protein-protein interaction network, we screened CD163, VSIG4, and 3 other core differentially expressed genes(P<0.05), which were up-regulated after cetuximab treatment. In addition, our analysis shows that transcription factors, including SUZ12, TP63, and ESR1, played a key role in cetuximab treatment(P<0.05)and MAPK14, CDK1, and MAPK1 were the most important kinases during the process(P<0.05). ConclusionCD163, VSIG4, and the aforementioned transcription factors and protein kinases may be involved in the biological processes that underlie cetuximab treatment of HNSCC. This study provides new perspectives to facilitate further understanding of the biological mechanism that underlies cetuximab treatment of HNSCC and the exploration of the effectiveness of HNSCC treatment. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 117-124.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2020.189 Abstract （984）      PDF（pc） （5004KB）（113）       Save Objective The aim of this study was to provide new perspectives and targets for the treatment of HNSCC by screening differentially expressed genes during cetuximab treatment of head and neck squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC)using bioinformatics. Methods The chip dataset, GSE109756, was downloaded from the GEO database, and the online analysis tool, GEO2R, was used to screen differentially expressed genes in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues treated with and without cetuximab. The DAVID 6.8 and STRING online software were used to analyze the function of the differentially expressed genes, their pathway enrichment, and their protein interactions. Cytoscape was used to visualize and analyze the protein interactions. The online analysis tool, X2K, was used to find the transcription factors, the kinases of differentially expressed genes, and their mutual regulatory relationship with the targeted genes. Results Ninety-one differentially expressed genes, including 50 up-regulated and 41 down-regulated genes(P<0.05; | logFC | > 1), were found in head and neck squamous cell carcinoma tissues treated with and without cetuximab. The GO and KEGG pathway analyses suggested that these differentially expressed genes were mainly enriched with immunomodulation, extracellular matrix, and other processes. Through the construction of a protein-protein interaction network, we screened CD163, VSIG4, and 3 other core differentially expressed genes(P<0.05), which were up-regulated after cetuximab treatment. In addition, our analysis shows that transcription factors, including SUZ12, TP63, and ESR1, played a key role in cetuximab treatment(P<0.05)and MAPK14, CDK1, and MAPK1 were the most important kinases during the process(P<0.05). Conclusion CD163, VSIG4, and the aforementioned transcription factors and protein kinases may be involved in the biological processes that underlie cetuximab treatment of HNSCC. This study provides new perspectives to facilitate further understanding of the biological mechanism that underlies cetuximab treatment of HNSCC and the exploration of the effectiveness of HNSCC treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Intra-arterial thrombolysis for central retinal artery occlusion: a Meta-analysisCHEN Xi, LI Shanshan, ZHAO Lu, YOU Ran, WANG Yanling Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, ChinaAbstract: ObjectiveTo compare the effects of intra-arterial thrombolysis and traditional treatment in central retinal artery occlusion(CRAO). MethodsWe searched the Pubmed, Embase, Clinical.gov, CNKI, and Wan Fang databases for related studies that were published up to May , . We included clinical controls that compared intra-arterial thrombolysis and conventional treatment in CRAO. The random effect model and R software were used for data analysis. ResultsWe identified seven studies including CRAO patients. Meta-analysis results of two randomized controlled trials(RCTs)showed that there was no significant difference in visual acuity improvement between CRAO patients treated with arterial thrombolysis therapy and those with conventional therapy(RR: ., % confidence interval .-., P=.). Meta-analysis results of five cohort studies indicated that compared with conventional therapy, arterial thrombolysis therapy significantly improved visual acuity(RR: ., % confidence interval .-., P<.). The difference between thrombolysis therapy and conventional therapy may be caused by the different treatment time windows in patients. Concerning the adverse reactions after treatment, two RCTs and five cohort studies showed that the adverse reactions in the thrombolysis group are significantly higher than those in the conventional treatment group. ConclusionAlthough intra-arterial thrombolysis therapy has therapeutic potential in CRAO patients, there is still insufficient clinical evidence to prove its effectiveness and safety. Further studies with a large sample and high quality RCTs are required. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 28-34.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2020.057 Abstract （904）      PDF（pc） （2347KB）（113）       Save Objective To compare the effects of intra-arterial thrombolysis and traditional treatment in central retinal artery occlusion(CRAO). Methods We searched the Pubmed, Embase, Clinical.gov, CNKI, and Wan Fang databases for related studies that were published up to May 14, 2020. We included clinical controls that compared intra-arterial thrombolysis and conventional treatment in CRAO. The random effect model and R software were used for data analysis. Results We identified seven studies including 563 CRAO patients. Meta-analysis results of two randomized controlled trials(RCTs)showed that there was no significant difference in visual acuity improvement between CRAO patients treated with arterial thrombolysis therapy and those with conventional therapy(RR: 1.17, 95% confidence interval 0.80-1.72, P=0.409). Meta-analysis results of five cohort studies indicated that compared with conventional therapy, arterial thrombolysis therapy significantly improved visual acuity(RR: 1.86, 95% confidence interval 1.43-2.41, P<0.001). The difference between thrombolysis therapy and conventional therapy may be caused by the different treatment time windows in patients. Concerning the adverse reactions after treatment, two RCTs and five cohort studies showed that the adverse reactions in the thrombolysis group are significantly higher than those in the conventional treatment group. Conclusion Although intra-arterial thrombolysis therapy has therapeutic potential in CRAO patients, there is still insufficient clinical evidence to prove its effectiveness and safety. Further studies with a large sample and high quality RCTs are required. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Measurement of the parameters of the macular retinal and peripapillary vasculature in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder patientsXU Jing, QU Yuanzhen, LIANG Xiaofang, YANG Liu, TANG Yang Department of Ophthalmology,Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100070, ChinaAbstract: Objective〓 To evaluate the changes in the parameters of the macular and peripapillary vasculature in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD). MethodsThis case-control study involved 40(76 eyes)aquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD patients and 40(80 eyes)age- and gender-matched healthy controls(HCs). Of 76 eyes with NMOSD, 34 had a history of optic neuritis(ON); 40 had no history of ON. Macular superficial vessel density(MSVD), macular deep vessel density(MDVD), and radial peripapillary capillary(RPC)density were measured by OCT-A. The retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)and ganglion cell complex(GCC)thicknesses were measured by OCT. Comparisons of the retinal structural and microvascular parameters of the cohorts were performed using generalized estimating equation(GEE)models. The relationship between retinal vessel density and retinal thickness was also analyzed. ResultsRPC density and MSVD were significantly lower in eyes with NMOSD+ON than in those with NMOSD-ON and HC(P<0.05). The GCC and RNFL thicknesses were also significantly thinner in eyes with NMOSD+ON than in those with NMOSD-ON and HC(P<0.001 for both). MDVD was lower in eyes with NMOSD-ON than in those with HC(P<0.05); however, other vessel densities were not significantly different(P>0.05). In eyes with NMOSD, MSVD, whole image vessel density(WIVD)of RPC, and peripapillary vessel density(PPVD)were correlated with GCC and RNFL thicknesses(P<0.001). However, MDVD and inside disc vessel density(IDVD)were not correlated with GCC and RNFL thicknesses(P>0.05). ConclusionRetinal microvascular changes were present in eyes with NMOSD+ON. However, these changes, except those in MDVD, were not significant in eyes with NMOSD-ON. Thinner GCC and RNFL were associated with lower MSVD and RPC density. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 69-74.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2020.046 Abstract （1126）      PDF（pc） （680KB）（105）       Save Objective To evaluate the changes in the parameters of the macular and peripapillary vasculature in patients with neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder(NMOSD). Methods This case-control study involved 40(76 eyes)aquaporin-4 antibody-positive NMOSD patients and 40(80 eyes)age- and gender-matched healthy controls(HCs). Of 76 eyes with NMOSD, 34 had a history of optic neuritis(ON); 40 had no history of ON. Macular superficial vessel density(MSVD), macular deep vessel density(MDVD), and radial peripapillary capillary(RPC)density were measured by OCT-A. The retinal nerve fiber layer(RNFL)and ganglion cell complex(GCC)thicknesses were measured by OCT. Comparisons of the retinal structural and microvascular parameters of the cohorts were performed using generalized estimating equation(GEE)models. The relationship between retinal vessel density and retinal thickness was also analyzed. Results RPC density and MSVD were significantly lower in eyes with NMOSD+ON than in those with NMOSD-ON and HC(P<0.05). The GCC and RNFL thicknesses were also significantly thinner in eyes with NMOSD+ON than in those with NMOSD-ON and HC(P<0.001 for both). MDVD was lower in eyes with NMOSD-ON than in those with HC(P<0.05); however, other vessel densities were not significantly different(P>0.05). In eyes with NMOSD, MSVD, whole image vessel density(WIVD)of RPC, and peripapillary vessel density(PPVD)were correlated with GCC and RNFL thicknesses(P<0.001). However, MDVD and inside disc vessel density(IDVD)were not correlated with GCC and RNFL thicknesses(P>0.05). Conclusion Retinal microvascular changes were present in eyes with NMOSD+ON. However, these changes, except those in MDVD, were not significant in eyes with NMOSD-ON. Thinner GCC and RNFL were associated with lower MSVD and RPC density. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Prevalence and risk factors of central serous chorioretinopathy in a hospital-based population YANG Xiufen, YOU Ran, MA Xiumei, WANG Kang, WANG Yanling Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, ChinaAbstract:Objective〓 To describe characteristics and risk factors associated with central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC)in a hospital-based outpatient sample population. MethodsIn this hospital-based cross-sectional study, CSC patients were recruited from the Beijing Friendship Hospital from 01/2019 to 12/2019. All participants underwent a standardized interview. Logistic regression models were used to assess the risk factors associated with CSC. ResultsA total of 23,878 outpatients were recorded during the period 01/2019-12/2019. Of these, 45 patients(0.19%)were diagnosed with CSC, divided in 37 male patients(82.22%)and 8 female patients(17.78%). The patients′ age ranged from 21 to 65(42.3±10.1)years. Three patients(6.67%)presented a bilateral involvement. Of all the patients, 39 were included in the present analysis. Control patients were matched for age and sex at a ratio of 1:1. The presence of CSC was associated with exposure to steroids(OR=5.04, 95% CI:1.11-22.89), sleep time(going to sleep after 12 pm)(OR=4.16, 95% CI:1.33-13.04)),and shift-work(OR=5.74, 95% CI:1.47-22.45).ConclusionsOur data showed that CSC prevalence in the analyzed outpatients was 0.19%. Exposure to steroids, sleep time, and shift-work were factors related with CSC in the observed population. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 75-79.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2020.043 Abstract （836）      PDF（pc） （430KB）（104）       Save Objective To describe characteristics and risk factors associated with central serous chorioretinopathy(CSC)in a hospital-based outpatient sample population. Methods In this hospital-based cross-sectional study, CSC patients were recruited from the Beijing Friendship Hospital from 01/2019 to 12/2019. All participants underwent a standardized interview. Logistic regression models were used to assess the risk factors associated with CSC. Results A total of 23,878 outpatients were recorded during the period 01/2019-12/2019. Of these, 45 patients(0.19%)were diagnosed with CSC, divided in 37 male patients(82.22%)and 8 female patients(17.78%). The patients' age ranged from 21 to 65(42.3±10.1)years. Three patients(6.67%)presented a bilateral involvement. Of all the patients, 39 were included in the present analysis. Control patients were matched for age and sex at a ratio of 1:1. The presence of CSC was associated with exposure to steroids(OR=5.04, 95% CI:1.11-22.89), sleep time(going to sleep after 12 pm)(OR=4.16, 95% CI:1.33-13.04)),and shift-work(OR=5.74, 95% CI:1.47-22.45).Conclusions Our data showed that CSC prevalence in the analyzed outpatients was 0.19%. Exposure to steroids, sleep time, and shift-work were factors related with CSC in the observed population. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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2- aminoethoxydiphenyl borate inhibits inflammatory reactions of neutrophilic nasal polyps in vitroDAI Fei, WEI Jinjin, TANG Xinyue, CHEN Zheng, LIN Lin Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Huashan Hospital North of Fudan University, Shanghai 201907, ChinaAbstract:Objective〓 Nasal polyps(NP)are frequently divided into subtypes, including eosinophilic and neutrophilic, among others, according to their endotypes. However, the mechanisms of neutrophilic NP need to be further elucidated. This study explores the influence of 2-aminoethoxydiphenyl borate(2-APB)on inflammatory reactions of neutrophilic NP in vitro. MethodsWe used immunofluorescence and immunohistochemical staining to detect the infiltration of neutrophils(NEU)in normal nasal mucosa and NP tissues. These tissues were subsequently cultured in vitro using an organ culture technique, and concentrations of Orai1 and myeloperoxidase(MPO)were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). 2-APB was administered to both cultures, and the measurement of Orai1 and MPO concentrations using ELISA was repeated. ResultsAll samples were identified as neutrophilic NP. The number of NEU was higher in NP than in normal nasal mucosa. Concentrations of Orai1 and MPO were also higher in NP cultured in vitro than in normal tissue. After the administration of 2-APB, Orai1 protein and the mediator MPO were reduced significantly in the cultures. Conclusion2-APB may inhibit inflammatory reactions of neutrophilic NP in vitro. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 97-100.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2019.413 Abstract （1068）      PDF（pc） （1512KB）（104）       Save Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of choroidal thickness in patients with ocular ischemic syndromeFU Qiang, WANG Hongxing Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Chuiyangliu Hospital, Beijing 100022, ChinaAbstract: Objective〓 Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)was used to measure and observe the characteristics of the subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)in patients with ocular ischemic syndrome(OIS)as well as explore the indicators for early evaluation of OIS. MethodsThis was a retrospective case-control study. Forty-eight patients(48 eyes)were included between January 2017 and January 2020. The patients were divided into two groups: the OIS and the control groups, with each consisting of 24 patients(24 eyes). Their basic information, including age, gender, body mass index(BMI), and the history of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, was collected. SFCT was measured using SD-OCT in EDI mode. The basic data and SFCTs of the two groups were compared. ResultsThere were no significant differences between the ages, gender, BMIs, and the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia of the two groups(all P>0.05). The mean SFCT of the OIS group was 204.83±27.34 μm, and that of the control group was 226.58±33.49 μm. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t=2.464, P=0.018). ConclusionsSFCT was thinner in patients with OIS. SFCT can be used as an indicator for early assessment of OIS. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 60-63.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2020.056 Abstract （1061）      PDF（pc） （2389KB）（101）       Save Objective Spectral-domain optical coherence tomography(SD-OCT)was used to measure and observe the characteristics of the subfoveal choroidal thickness(SFCT)in patients with ocular ischemic syndrome(OIS)as well as explore the indicators for early evaluation of OIS. Methods This was a retrospective case-control study. Forty-eight patients(48 eyes)were included between January 2017 and January 2020. The patients were divided into two groups: the OIS and the control groups, with each consisting of 24 patients(24 eyes). Their basic information, including age, gender, body mass index(BMI), and the history of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia, was collected. SFCT was measured using SD-OCT in EDI mode. The basic data and SFCTs of the two groups were compared. Results There were no significant differences between the ages, gender, BMIs, and the prevalence of diabetes, hypertension, and hyperlipidemia of the two groups(all P>0.05). The mean SFCT of the OIS group was 204.83±27.34 μm, and that of the control group was 226.58±33.49 μm. The differences between the two groups were statistically significant(t=2.464, P=0.018). Conclusions SFCT was thinner in patients with OIS. SFCT can be used as an indicator for early assessment of OIS. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Recent ocular ischemic syndrome advancesWANG Luping Overview HUANG Yingxiang, WANG Yanling Guidance Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, ChinaAbstract: Ocular ischemic syndrome(OIS)is usually undiagnosed or misdiagnosed due to its asymptomatic onset, complicated ocular manifestations, and the lack of awareness, and patients with OIS have a higher mortality. Improving the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of OIS through multidisciplinary collaboration is key to investigating and preventing systemic vascular events as well as decreasing blindness and mortality. This review summarizes the recent advances in the epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, and management of OIS. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 23-27.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2020.059 Abstract （980）      PDF（pc） （401KB）（94）       Save Ocular ischemic syndrome(OIS)is usually undiagnosed or misdiagnosed due to its asymptomatic onset, complicated ocular manifestations, and the lack of awareness, and patients with OIS have a higher mortality. Improving the understanding, diagnosis, and treatment of OIS through multidisciplinary collaboration is key to investigating and preventing systemic vascular events as well as decreasing blindness and mortality. This review summarizes the recent advances in the epidemiology, clinical diagnosis, and management of OIS. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Changes in the neural plasticity of neurons and retinal remodeling in the retinal inner nuclear layer of an ocular ischemic syndrome rat model CHEN Xi, LI Shanshan, YOU Ran, ZHAO Lu, WANG Yanling Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital, Capital Medical University, Beijing, China, 100050Abstract: Objective〓 To analyze the changes in the neurons of the retinal inner nuclear layer and in the visual function of rat models with ocular ischemia syndrome. MethodsAt the age of 8 weeks, Brown-Norway rats underwent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion(BCCAO)surgery as the model of ocular ischemia syndrome. After 1 and 2 months since the model was established, the retinal thickness was measured in eyeball slices. By applying immunofluorescence, changes in the morphology and synaptic plasticity of horizontal and bipolar cells in the retinal inner nuclear layer were observed. Changes in the visual function of rats were detected by electrophysiology. ResultsWith prolongation of the retinal ischemia time, the number of cells in each retinal layer decreased, and thicknesses of the inner and outer plexiform layers also decreased. Dendrites of horizontal and bipolar cells decreased or disappeared. The density of presynaptic membrane marker synaptophysin decreased. After 2 months since the modeling, the somatic positions of horizontal and bipolar cells migrated from the outer side to the basal side of the inner nuclear layer and formed new neurites. Synaptophysin was randomly distributed in the outer nuclear layer. Electrophysiology showed markedly reduced a- and b-wave amplitudes in BCCAO rats, indicating that the visual function of the BCCAO rats was impaired, and various retinal cell functions were affected. ConclusionIn rat models with ocular ischemia syndrome, the thickness of retinal layers and number of retinal cells decreased. Two months after the model was established, horizontal and bipolar cells migrated, and synaptic rewiring occurred, resulting in retinal remodeling. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 80-86.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2020.049 Abstract （910）      PDF（pc） （8613KB）（92）       Save Objective To analyze the changes in the neurons of the retinal inner nuclear layer and in the visual function of rat models with ocular ischemia syndrome. Methods At the age of 8 weeks, Brown-Norway rats underwent bilateral common carotid artery occlusion(BCCAO)surgery as the model of ocular ischemia syndrome. After 1 and 2 months since the model was established, the retinal thickness was measured in eyeball slices. By applying immunofluorescence, changes in the morphology and synaptic plasticity of horizontal and bipolar cells in the retinal inner nuclear layer were observed. Changes in the visual function of rats were detected by electrophysiology. Results With prolongation of the retinal ischemia time, the number of cells in each retinal layer decreased, and thicknesses of the inner and outer plexiform layers also decreased. Dendrites of horizontal and bipolar cells decreased or disappeared. The density of presynaptic membrane marker synaptophysin decreased. After 2 months since the modeling, the somatic positions of horizontal and bipolar cells migrated from the outer side to the basal side of the inner nuclear layer and formed new neurites. Synaptophysin was randomly distributed in the outer nuclear layer. Electrophysiology showed markedly reduced a- and b-wave amplitudes in BCCAO rats, indicating that the visual function of the BCCAO rats was impaired, and various retinal cell functions were affected. Conclusion In rat models with ocular ischemia syndrome, the thickness of retinal layers and number of retinal cells decreased. Two months after the model was established, horizontal and bipolar cells migrated, and synaptic rewiring occurred, resulting in retinal remodeling. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical application of target gene panel testing in genetic diagnosis of deafness ZHANG Yanhong, LI Juanjuan, ZENG Xianhai, GOU Lingshan, WANG Zhaoxia, WEI Jianfang, MA Fang, QIU Shuqi Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (4): 27-34.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2022.190 Abstract （565）      PDF（pc） （1505KB）（91）       Save Objective This study aimed to explore the application of the deafness gene panel in the genetic analysis of patients with hearing loss. Methods The combination of real-time polymerase chain reaction(PCR)and Sanger sequencing was used to identify the 25 mutations of four common deafness genes in 40 deaf patients. Patients with heterozygous mutations, detected via deafness gene sequencing, underwent further single deafness gene sequencing or target gene panel testing. Those with negative real-time PCR results underwent target gene panel testing. The parents of the 16 patients underwent genetic analysis to identify inherited mutations. Results Among the 40 patients, there were eight patients with a homozygous or compound heterozygous mutation in the GJB2 gene and two patients with a single heterozygous mutation, according to the deafness genetic screening. Moreover, one patient had a homozygous mutation, while two had a single heterozygous mutation in the SLC26A4 gene. The four patients with single heterozygous mutations underwent further single deafness gene sequencing or target gene panel testing. Two patients had the compound heterozygous mutation, GJB2 c.235delC/c.610delC or c.235delC/c.109G>A. Meanwhile, two patients had SLC26A4 c.919-2A>G/c.1548_1549insC. Among the 27 patients with negative real-time PCR results, there were four patients with the homozygous mutation, GJB2 c.109G>A, one patient with c.571T>C/c.G109A, one patient with MYO7A c.397dupC/c.3484A>T, one patient with MYO15A c.4779+2T>C/c.5008-2A>G, and one patient with the heterozygous mutation, ACTG1 c.118C>T, based on target gene panel testing. Additionally, there were two patients with the compound heterozygous mutations, CDH23 c.1765G>A/c.6504T>A and c.6049G>A/c.7225-1G>A, respectively. Among the 16 patients, 15 inherited the deafness genetic mutations from their parents, according to the genetic analysis. Conclusion The deafness gene panel improved the genetic diagnostic rate among deaf patients with negative results of hotspot deafness gene mutations. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Comparative study of ototoxicity between kanamycin and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin YANG Kun, CHEN Lijuan, HE Xiaodan, LIU Zhiqi, SHA Suhua Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (4): 6-11.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.195 Abstract （404）      PDF（pc） （7521KB）（85）       Save Objective This study aimed to investigate the effects of ototoxic injury induced by kanamycin and 2-hydroxypropyl-β-cyclodextrin(HPβCD)in CBA/J mice. Methods Male CBA/J mice were intraperitoneally administered kanamycin for 15 days at the optimal dosage of 700 mg/kg and were subcutaneously administered HPβCD at the optimal dosage of 8 000 mg/kg. The control group was administered 0.9 % sterile sodium chloride. Auditory brainstem response tests were performed. Cochlear preparations and diaminobenzidine staining were used for hair cell observation. Data were analyzed using the statistical software GraphPad Prism 13 for Windows. Results In the control group, at 8 kHz, 16 kHz, and 32 kHz, the thresholds were 21±2.24 dB, 21±2.24 dB, and 21±2.24 dB, respectively. After kanamycin treatment, the thresholds were 22±2.74 dB(t=0.632 5, P=0.544 7), 67± 4.47 dB(t=20.571 8, P<0.001), and 77±4.47 dB(t=25.044 0, P<0.001), respectively. After 6 hours, the thresholds in the HPβCD group were 29±4.18 dB, 30±4.47 dB, and 37±2.74 dB, respectively. After 7 hours, the thresholds were 65±3.54 dB, 71±2.24 dB, and 80±3.54 dB, and after 8 hours, the thresholds were 70±3.54 dB, 78±5.70 dB, and 85±5.00 dB, respectively. Comparison of the data revealed significant differences(F=20.590, P<0.001). Prolonging HPβCD treatment resulted in hearing loss being gradually aggravated at all frequencies. In the kanamycin group, outer hair cell(OHC)loss from the top to the base was significantly different(F=7.840, P=0.000 3), with 9.17±6.03% at 2.0 mm, 89.76±3.12% at 2.5 mm, and 100% at 4.0 mm. Inner hair cell(IHC)loss was also significantly different(F=3.549, P<0.05), with values of 0.71±0.00%, 6.79±6.01%, and 20.71±6.00% being recorded. Six hours of HPβCD treatment resulted in obvious damage to OHCs of the cochlea. Damage occurred at the apex, the middle, and the base of the basement membrane. After 7 to 8 hours, the IHCs and OHCs had practically disappeared. After 8 hours, no IHCs were found. Conclusion Kanamycin and HPβCD induced hearing loss and hair cell damage in mice. OHC damage occurred earlier than the IHC damage, with the degree of damage being dependent on the time and concentration of treatment.The difference is that Kanamycin damaged hearing at the onset of high frequencies, while HPβCD starts from full frequency. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The application of arterial spin labeling in ischemic diseasesZHOU Zhuohua Overview LI Hongyang, HUANG Yingxiang, WANG Yanling Guidance Department of Ophthalmology, Beijing Friendship Hospital affiliated to Capital Medical University, Beijing 100050, ChinaAbstract: Arterial spin labeling(ASL)is a non-invasive imaging technique that permits the quantitative analysis of tissue perfusion without contrast agents, and it has been widely used in ischemic disease research. This paper introduces the application of ASL in the assessment of ischemic ophthalmopathy and encephalopathy and compares it with other common examination techniques of the eye and brain. ASL can be used to monitor changes in cerebral blood flow and predict ischemic events, and it has been widely used in the study of ischemic encephalopathy. It can directly reflect the dynamics of blood flow through the chorioretinal vasculature, and it can be used as a reliable method for quantifying ocular blood perfusion. ASL is also relevant for the pathophysiological studies of chorioretinal diseases, which may contribute to the early diagnosis of ischemic ophthalmopathies. Currently, the application of ASL in ophthalmology is still limited, and further studies are needed to establish the utility of ASL in assessing ischemic ophthalmopathy. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2020, 34 (4): 16-22.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2020.053 Abstract （928）      PDF（pc） （495KB）（78）       Save Arterial spin labeling(ASL)is a non-invasive imaging technique that permits the quantitative analysis of tissue perfusion without contrast agents, and it has been widely used in ischemic disease research. This paper introduces the application of ASL in the assessment of ischemic ophthalmopathy and encephalopathy and compares it with other common examination techniques of the eye and brain. ASL can be used to monitor changes in cerebral blood flow and predict ischemic events, and it has been widely used in the study of ischemic encephalopathy. It can directly reflect the dynamics of blood flow through the chorioretinal vasculature, and it can be used as a reliable method for quantifying ocular blood perfusion. ASL is also relevant for the pathophysiological studies of chorioretinal diseases, which may contribute to the early diagnosis of ischemic ophthalmopathies. Currently, the application of ASL in ophthalmology is still limited, and further studies are needed to establish the utility of ASL in assessing ischemic ophthalmopathy. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research in the field of olfactory disorders in China—An analysis based on Citespace LI Dan, CHEN Tengyu, HUANG Yanfen, ZHOU Min, ZHOU Yixing, RUAN Yan, YAN Yajie Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (4): 40-48.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.349 Abstract （401）      PDF（pc） （3035KB）（77）       Save Objective To visually analyze and evaluate olfactory disorders in domestic research, in an attempt to provide scholars with current research trends and possible future areas of investigation in this field. Methods “Olfactory disorder” was selected as the subject term, academic papers from the China National Knowledge Infrastructure(CNKI)database were explored, with a time-frame from the present to October 20, 2020. Articles were screened according to the inclusion criteria, Citespace software was then used to screen for authors, journals/units and subject headings by means of graphs. Results It was found that the amount of literature published on “olfactory disorders” has increased rapidly. The top authors with the highest number of publications are Wei Yongxiang, Ni Daofeng, Liu Gang, Hang Wei, Yao Linyin, Han Demin, and Liu Jianfeng. The journals ranked 1-3 regarding “olfactory research” are: Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery; International Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery; and the Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head & Neck Surgery. The high-yield cooperative and influential institutions are Beijing An Zhen Hospital of the Capital University of Medical Sciences and Peking Union Medical College Hospital et al. The subject heading cluster analysis showed 7 clusters: chronic rhinosinusitis, Parkinson's disease, Kallmann's Syndrome, rhinitis, Corona Virus Disease 2019(COVID-19), ultrastructure and acupuncture. Conclusion In the field of olfactory disorders, early domestic authors such as Han Demin and Li Zhichun conducted in-depth research. In recent years, authors such as Wei Yongxiang and Ni Daofeng studied the detection methods, etiology, and pathogenesis of olfactory disorders. Although the core authors conducted combinations of research and inductive classifications of olfactory dysfunction in recent years, the central mediation value was less than 0.1, indicating that their relationship was a short liaison. It is recommended that should be strengthened in the service of forming an academic community with which to increase the overall influence of research findings. According to cluster analysis, the current research hotspots of “olfactory disorders” are mainly focused on: The associations between olfactory and chronic rhinosinusitis, Parkinson's disease, novel coronavirus pneumonia(COVID-19), nasal polyps and other primary diseases, and explorations of their pathogenesis. Clinical characteristics and epidemiological investigations of different types of olfactory disorders. Explorations of the efficacy of different treatments, such as endoscopic sinus surgery and acupuncture, on olfactory disorders. It is considered that the above seven clustering research areas may continue to be important hotspots in this field. Among them, chronic rhinosinusitis has been a topic of interest from ancient times to the present, and COVID-19 will become a great source of research work in the next 5 to 10 years. Furthermore, it is possible olfactory disorders caused by COVID-19 may be related to nasal inflammation, and the correlation between them will become a target of future research on olfactory disorders. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances on the effect of OSAHS on pulmonary function in children YUAN Chenyang, LIU Yan, FANG Zhensheng Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (1): 143-148.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2020.386 Abstract （505）      PDF（pc） （440KB）（75）    PDF（mobile） （440KB）（5）    Save The incidence of obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in children is gradually increasing. OSAHS not only affects the sleep quality of children; it also leads to the impairment of cardiopulmonary and multi-system function and affects their growth and development. The pulmonary function test, as a non-invasive examination modality, can detect the effect of OSAHS on small airways at an early stage. In this review, the author evaluated recently published literature on the relationships between pediatric OSAHS and pulmonary function and changes after treatment. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Research progress on auditory risk factors and hearing screening methods among neonates PAN Linlin, KONG LingyiOverview, ZHAI Feng, CHEN JieGuidance Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (1): 131-137.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.080 Abstract （409）      PDF（pc） （477KB）（73）       Save Newborn hearing loss results in not only delayed language and speech development but also poor social, recognitional, and educational performance. Several factors have an impact on neonatal hearing. However, the pathogenesis and characteristics of the factors vary based on the type of factor contributing to hearing impairment in neonates. Non-genetic factors mainly include preterm birth, low birth weight, neonatal hyperbilirubinemia, newborn hypoxia, infection, and ototoxic medication, whereas genetic factors mainly include GJB2, GJB3, SLC26A4, and mitochondrially encoded MT-RNR1 variation. Combined application of otoacoustic emission, automatic auditory brainstem response, and acoustic immittance test can effectively improve the accuracy of neonatal hearing impairment screening, which is helpful for early diagnosis and intervention. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Analysis of audiological and imaging characteristics of 149 children with unilateral sensorineural hearing loss HU Chunyan, DANG Panhong, ZHANG Rui, FAN Mengyun Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (1): 31-36.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.418 Abstract （477）      PDF（pc） （2241KB）（72）       Save Objective To analyze the clinical audiological data and imaging manifestations of unilateral sensorineural hearing loss(USHL)in children, and explore its etiology. Methods A total of 149 patients with USHL, aged from one month to 14 years, were analyzed retrospectively. Results 95.97% of the analyzed patients had severe or extremely severe hearing loss, namely single-sided deafness. 38.26% of the patients with USHL were detected through hearing examinations after their hearing screenings were not passed suffered from unilateral hearing loss as per the findings 20.13% children were found by perceiving unicat eral hearing loss. No obvious imaging abnormalities were found in 47 patients. Among the other 102 patients with imaging abnormalities, one had complete dysplasia(Michel malformation), one had dysplasia of the cochlea, and three had common cavity malformation. Two patients had dysplasia of the cochlea and seven patients had dysplasia of the cochlea. These included four patients with IP-Ⅰ malformation, two with IP-Ⅱ malformation, and one with IP-Ⅲ malformation. Seven patients had vestibular aqueduct enlargement, while 28 patients had bony internal auditory canal stenosis or cochlear foramina stenosis. One patient had internal auditory canal enlargement, while 46 patients had cochlear dysplasia, including 10 patients with cochlear nerve absence and 26 with cochlear nerve tenaciousness. Conclusion Most children with USHL experience severe and extremely severe deafness. The proportion of cochlear neurodysplasia and cochlear dysplasia are high in children with USHL. It is also closely related to congenital dysplasia. Therefore, routine temporal bone imaging examinations should be performed for children with USHL. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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The correlation between arterial blood gas analysis and hearing screening results in neonates PAN Linlin, FANG Xuhua, ZHAI Feng, GUI Yiding, BIAN Zhouliang, CHEN Jie Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (1): 20-24.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.350 Abstract （429）      PDF（pc） （543KB）（56）       Save Objective This study aimed to examine the relationship between arterial blood gas and hearing screening test in neonates. Methods The results of hearing screening test and arterial blood gas analysis of 496 newborns in the Neonatal Department of Shanghai Children's Medical Center were retrospectively analyzed. Results The pass rate of automated auditory brainstem response(AABR), distortion product otoacoustic emissions(DPOAE)and acoustic immittance is 61.9%(307/496), 61.3%(304/496), 90.1%(447/496)and 56.7%(281/496)respectively. There were significant differences in the pass rates of the three hearing screening methods(χ2=131.00, P<0.001). The pass rate of AABR was in extremely strong consistency with that of DPOAE(Kappa=0.817, P<0.001), while the pass rate of both AABR and DPOAE were in very weak consistency with that of acoustic immittance(Kappa=0.262 and 0.256, respectively. all P<0.001). Univariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the failure of hearing screening was correlated with increased lactic acid(OR=0.544, P=0.001), increased partial pressure of carbon dioxide(OR=1.917, P=0.009)and decreased pH value(OR=1.692, P=0.021). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that failed hearing screening results were correlated with increased lactic acid(OR=0.627, P=0.018)and decreased partial oxygen pressure(OR=1.493, P=0.047). No significant correlations were found between hearing screening and the results of partial pressure of carbon dioxide, pH and blood oxygen saturation(P>0.05). Conclusion Neonatal hypoxia and the accompanying change of blood gas might have an impact on hearing screening results. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Application of 1 000 Hz acoustic immittance in hearing screenings of high-risk newborns NI Kun, SUN Shibing, LI Xiaoyan Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (1): 43-47.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.378 Abstract （481）      PDF（pc） （410KB）（56）       Save Objective To explore the significance of the 1 000 Hz acoustic immittance test combined with automatic auditory brainstem response(AABR)and distortion product otoacoustic emission(DPOAE)in hearing screenings of high-risk newborns. Methods A total of 318 high-risk newborns(636 ears)were included as the research subjects. The triple hearing screening scheme of AABR + DPOAE + 1 000 Hz acoustic immittance was adopted. The newborns who failed the screening test were examined for diagnostic hearing at 3 months of age, and the sensitivity, specificity, missed diagnosis rate, false diagnosis rate, and accuracy of the triple screening results were calculated. In this study, the normal triple screening results included AABR(-)DPOAE(+)acoustic immittance(+), AABR(-)DPOAE(-)acoustic immittance(+), and AABR(-)DPOAE(-)acoustic immittance(-). The abnormal triple screening results include AABR(+)DPOAE(+)acoustic immittance(+), AABR(+)DPOAE(+)acoustic immittance(-), AABR(+)DPOAE(-), AABR(-)DPOAE(+)acoustic immittance(-), and AABR(+)DPOAE(-)acoustic immittance(-). Results A total of 318 high-risk newborns(636 ears)were included. The sensitivity of triple screening(96.77%)was higher than that of the AABR-only screening method(80.64%)and DPOAE-only screening method(83.87%), which was consistent with that of the double AABR + OAE screening method(96.77%). The specificity of triple screening(91.24%)was higher than that of AABR + OAE double screening(87.44%). Triple screening can further reduce the false-positive rate of double screening and is suitable for high-risk neonatal screening. Conclusion Triple screening has high sensitivity and a low missed diagnosis rate for hearing screening of high-risk newborns. Triple hearing examinations can be applied to hearing screening of high-risk newborns. Some false-positive infants with simple middle-ear dysfunction can be screened out in the early stage, which can alleviate parental anxiety. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A clinical observation on effect of auricle deformity type and age on outcomes of auricle correction in 1-year-old infants MA Xiaobao, LI Yue, SHEN Jiali, SUN Jin, CHEN Xiangping, YANG Jun, CHEN Jianyong Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (1): 25-30.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.401 Abstract （453）      PDF（pc） （869KB）（52）       Save Objective To explore the influence of auricle deformity type and age at the time of correction on the outcomes in order to provide references for clinical non-surgical correction of the auricle. Methods Infants with auricle deformity diagnosed in the ENT department between September 2017 and September 2019 were selected as the subjects. They were divided into two groups based on the age within 1 year. Infants less than 42 days were in the younger group, and infants more than 42 days were in the older group. The type of auricle deformity was divided into prominent ears, cup ears, lop ears, and cryptotia. The modified visual analogue scale in non-surgical auricle correction(MVAS-NAC)was used to evaluate the outcomes. Results The outcomes of the younger group were better than those of the older group(P<0.05). The relationship between the age at correction and the outcome was generally negative(P<0.05). The difference in the duration of treatment between the younger group and the older group was not statistically significant(P>0.05). No significant difference was found in the outcome among the different type of deformity groups (P>0.05). No statistical difference was seen between parents' score and doctor's score(P>0.05). The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between the parents and the doctor was 0.810. The incidence of skin complications in the younger group was lower than that in the older group(P<0.05). Conclusion The age of correction is the main factor affecting the effect of correction. Infants with age above 6 months must not be recommended for auricle correction; for infants with cryptotia, the age limitation can be relaxed. MVAS-NAC can initially be used to evaluate the effect of non-invasive correction of auricle deformities in infants. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Advances in the treatment of congenital choanal atresia LU Xiaoyan, WEN Shuxin Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (1): 138-142.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2020.457 Abstract （529）      PDF（pc） （427KB）（51）       Save Congenital choanal atresia(CCA)refers to the anatomical closure of the posterior nostril, which is clinically characterized by no nasal respiratory airflow. The typical manifestations of CT are thickening of the bone of the posterior vomer, pterygoid plate, and closure of the choana with bony/and or membranous plate. According to the extent of the lesion, it can be divided into bilateral atresia and unilateral atresia, and the former often needs timely treatment. Transnasal endoscopic surgery is the first choice of surgery, and its safety and effectiveness have been certified in the past decade. However, postoperative stenosis is still the most important complication. It has been controversial whether the application of traditional stent and mitomycin C is beneficial to avoid postoperative stenosis. At present, some new methods to prevent postoperative stenosis(steroid-eluting stent, and balloon dilatation, and local application of the carboxymethyl cellulose gel-sodium salt)are still emerging, Which may offer promising prospects for the treatment of choanal atresia. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Short-term and long-term outcomes of endolymphatic sac decompression with instillation of local steroids for intractable Meniere's disease XU Jia, LI Xin, CHEN Wenjing, GAO Juanjuan, LU Xingxing, YI Haijin Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (4): 17-21.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.272 Abstract （338）      PDF（pc） （2247KB）（51）       Save Objective To investigate the short-term and long-term effects of endolymphatic sac decompression with instillation of local steroids for intractable Meniere's disease. Methods Twenty-three patients who underwent surgery for intractable Meniere's disease were enrolled. The surgical strategy included traditional endolymphatic sac decompression, opening of the facial recess, placement of gelatin sponge around the round window, and injection of steroids into the tympanic cavity and onto the surface of the endolymphatic sac. Frequency of vertigo episodes and hearing function(pure tone averages)were compared before surgery, 6~12 months after surgery, and 18~24 months after surgery. Results Twenty-three patients completed the short-term effect evaluation at 12 months after surgery. The frequency of vertigo episodes decreased from(5.7±5.9)to(0.4±1.0)times. The vertigo control rate was 87.0%, while the hearing maintenance rate was 95.7%. Thirteen patients completed the long-term effect evaluation at 24 months after surgery. The frequency of vertigo episodes decreased from(4.2±2.6)to(0.1±0.3)times. The vertigo control rate was 92.3%, while the hearing maintenance rate was 100%. Conclusion Endolymphatic sac decompression with instillation of local steroids for the treatment of intractable Meniere's disease had favorable effects on vertigo control and the maintenance of hearing function. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Correlation between sinonasal inverted papilloma and peripheral inflammatory blood markers MA Jingyuan, WU Tianyi, SUN Zhanwei, WANG Weiwei, LI Shichao, WANG Guangke Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (4): 35-39.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.264 Abstract （350）      PDF（pc） （430KB）（48）       Save Objective To investigate the correlation between sinonasal inverted papilloma(SNIP)and peripheral inflammatory blood markers. Methods 62 patients with SNIP who received endoscopic sinus surgery in the Department of Otolaryngology of Henan People's Hospital from February 2019 to March 2021 were selected as the research objects. 62 age-and-sex-mached healthy controls were included in the study. The number of various peripheral blood cells and inflammatory blood markers such as neutrophil-lymphocyte ratio(NLR), platelet-lymphocyte ratio(PLR)of the patient and control groups were compared. According to whether with malignant transformation and recurrence patients, the research groups were further divided into the SNIP group(38 cases), the recurrence group(14 cases)and the cancer group(10 cases). Multiple comparative analysis were performed on the three sets of data. Results There were statistically significant differences between the patients and controls for neutrophil(P<0.001), eosinophil counts(P<0.001), NLR(P=0.016)and PLR(P=0.005). Logistic regression analysis model showed that the increase of NLR(P<0.001), decrease of PLR(P=0.002)and increase of eosinophil counts(P=0.013)were statistically significant. Further multiple comparative analysis showed that the basophil count in the experimental group was statistically different among the three groups. There was statistically significant difference in the basophil count between SNIP and recurrence group(P=0.045), canceration and recurrence group(P=0.017). Conclusion The peripheral blood eosinophil, neutrophil counts, NLR and PLR are correlated with SNIP, and can be used as peripheral blood inflammation markers of SNIP. The increase of NLR、eosinophil counts, and decrease of PLR may be the risk factors of SNIP. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical analysis of facial nerve decompression via an external transmastoid-subtemporal labyrinth approach in eight children DANG Panhong, ZHANG Rui, HU Chunyan, WANG Jie, FAN Mengyun Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (1): 37-42.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.405 Abstract （452）      PDF（pc） （3237KB）（45）       Save Objective To explore the curative effect of the external transmastoid-subtemporal labyrinth approach for facial nerve decompression in children with traumatic facial paralysis. Methods Eight cases of traumatic facial paralysis that were treated by facial nerve decompression with an external transmastoid-subtemporal labyrinth approach within 1 month between January 2014 and July 2019 were retrospectively analyzed. Some cases underwent ossicular chain reconstruction at the same time. Patients were followed up for 1 to 2 years, and the degree of hearing and facial nerve function(House-Brackmann, H-B)were assessed. Results There were seven cases of H-B grade V and one case of grade Ⅳ preoperatively, which reduced to five cases of grade I and three cases of grade Ⅱ postoperatively; Two cases had severe conductive hearing loss preoperatively, which returned to normal and mild postoperatively; One case had normal hearing preoperatively with no hearing loss postoperatively; The remaining five cases had severe or profound sensorineural hearing loss preoperatively. Conclusions Facial nerve function and hearing can be satisfactorily recovered by facial nerve decompression via an external transmastoid-subtemporal labyrinth approach within 1 month of temporal bone fracture. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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Clinical characteristics and management of pediatric temporal bone fractures MA Ning, CHEN Min, LIU Wei, YANG Yang, SHAO Jianbo, HAO Jinsheng, LIU Bing, ZHANG Xiao, DUAN Xiaomin, ZHANG Qifeng, ZHANG Jie Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (1): 13-19.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.436 Abstract （456）      PDF（pc） （4697KB）（37）       Save Objective To summarize the clinical characteristics and treatment strategies of temporal bone fracture in children. Methods Medical records of 477 children under 18 years old who were diagnosed with temporal bone fracture in Beijing Children's Hospital from July 2014 to July 2021 were retrospectively analyzed. Including age, gender, injury causes, imaging, facial nerve and audiological assessment, complications, treatment and prognosis. Results 483 sides of 477 children,6 of which were bilateral. The age range was from birth to 18 years old, the median age was 9 years old, and the male to female ratio was 3.01∶1. Traffic accidents were the main cause of injuries, accounting for 57.23%, followed by falls, accounting for 23.69%. The most common clinical symptoms are tympanema and ear hemorrhage, which usually disappear from 3 weeks to 1 month. Longitudinal fracture accounted for 52.38%, transverse fracture 35, 7.25%; 48 cases of mixed fracture, accounting for 9.93%, and 147 cases, accounting for 30.43%, which could not be classified, were presented as minor fracture lines.372 cases(77.02%)had hearing impairment. Facial nerve injury occurred in 28 cases(5.80%), including 8 cases of internal auditory canal injury. Cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea(CSF)was found in 47 cases(9.73%). Tympanic membrane perforation occurred in 15 cases(3.11%). 6.35% with intracranial injury. 3.98% complicated with multiple fractures or multiple organ injuries. There were 10 cases of immediate facial paralysis, 1 case recovered well, accounting for 10.00%, and 18 cases of delayed facial paralysis, 15 cases recovered well, accounting for 83.33%. 10 cases were treated by operation, including 8 cases of tympanum exploration and ossicular chain reconstruction. Facial nerve HB Ⅴ was recovered to HB Ⅱafter decompression in 2 cases. Conclusion Temporal bone fracture in children is most common in boys, and the most common cause of injury is traffic accident. Tympanic hemorrhage, tympanic membrane perforation, cerebrospinal fluid otorrhea and conductive deafness can be cured by conservative treatment. Trauma caused ossicular chain fracture or dislocation has a good prognosis by surgical treatment. Trauma caused internal auditory canal fracture can cause extremely severe sensorineural deafness and complete facial paralysis with poor prognosis. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics

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A study on the relationship between mastoid pneumatization degree and endolymphatic sac development based on a propensity score matching analysis HAN Shuhui, FAN Xintai, WANG Na, WANG Zhe, HOU Lingxiao, XU Anting Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University    2022, 36 (4): 22-26.   DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.369 Abstract （289）      PDF（pc） （451KB）（37）       Save Objective To explore the relationship between the degree of mastoid pneumatization and the development of the endolymphatic sac. Methods A retrospective study of 145 patients(290 ears)who underwent temporal bone CT examination from January 2019 to May 2021 in the Department of Otolaryngology. After screening, the patients were divided into the well- pneumatized and the poorly-pneumatized groups, according to the degree of mastoid pneumatization. The 1∶1 closest match was adopted. The propensity score(PS)was set at 0.02. The propensity score matching(PSM)analysis was performed on covariates based on age and otitis media. The analysis produced 58 sets of paired data. The shortest distance between the middle of the posterior semicircular canal and the posterior edge of the posterior petrous surface(P-P value)was used to indirectly reflect the development of the endolymphatic sac. The shortest distance between the middle of the posterior semicircular canal and the posterior edge of the posterior petrous surface(P-P value)of different degrees of pneumatization was analyzed statistically. Results The median(interquartile range)of the shortest distance between the middle of the posterior semicircular canal and the posterior edge of the posterior petrous surface(P-P value)was 2.26(1.49, 3.08)mm. The difference between the degree of mastoid pneumatization and the shortest distance between the middle of the posterior semicircular canal and the posterior edge of the posterior petrous surface(P-P value)was not statistically significant. That is, the degree of mastoid pneumatization was not associated with the development of the endolymphatic sac. There were no statistically significant differences in the general data processed after PSM in the two mastoid pneumatization groups. That is, the propensity score matching was effective in managing the selection deviation of non-random experimental data in clinical research. There was a statistically significant difference in the degree of mastoid pneumatization and otitis media; in the group with good mastoid pneumatization, the incidence of otitis media is lower. Conclusion There is no correlation between the degree of mastoid pneumatization and the development of the endolymphatic sac. Reference | Related Articles | Metrics