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  山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报  2016, Vol. 30 Issue (1): 80-82  DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2015.302
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邢凯, 亢泽峰. 玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的疗效分析[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2016, 30(1): 80-82. DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2015.302.
XING Kai, KANG Zefeng. Clinical analysis on intravitreal injection of conbercept in the treatment of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion.[J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2016, 30(1): 80-82. DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2015.302.

作者简介

邢凯。E-mail:cxingbkail@163.com

通讯作者

亢泽峰。E-mail:zefeng2531@163.com

文章历史

收稿日期:2015-07-19
网络出版时间:2015-12-28 08:33
玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞继发黄斑水肿的疗效分析
邢凯1, 亢泽峰2     
1. 青海大学研究生院, 青海 西宁 810016;
2. 中国中医科学院眼科医院门诊眼科, 北京 100040
摘要: 目的 探讨玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普治疗视网膜分支静脉阻塞(BRVO)继发黄斑水肿(ME)的临床疗效及安全性。方法 选取BRVO继发ME患者33例(38眼)为研究对象,均经玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普眼用注射液0.05 mL。随访6个月期间,至少每个月检查1次,根据光学相干断层扫描(OCT)测量黄斑中心凹厚度以判断是否行再次注射。比较治疗前及治疗后1、3个月最佳矫正视力(BCVA),治疗前及治疗后1个月OCT结果,并观察治疗后1个月内并发症的发生情况。结果 最小分辨率视力(VA)对数为(0.59±0.21),首次注射后1个月显著改善至(0.35±0.12)(P<0.01)。治疗前及治疗后1、3个月BCVA比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05),且治疗后3个月BCVA明显高于治疗前(P<0.05)。治疗前及治疗后1个月视网膜黄斑中心凹厚度比较差异有统计学意义(P<0.05)。治疗后1个月内仅5例(15.15%)发生眼压一过性增高,未见其他明显眼不良事件。结论 基于OCT的玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普治疗BRVO继发ME短期疗效确切,且具有较好的安全性。
关键词: 康柏西普    玻璃体    视网膜分支静脉阻塞    黄斑水肿    光学相干断层扫描    
Clinical analysis on intravitreal injection of conbercept in the treatment of macular edema secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion.
XING Kai1, KANG Zefeng2     
1. Graduate School of Qinghai University, Xining 810016, Qinghai, China;
2. Ophthalmology Clinic,Eye Hospital, China Academy of Chinese Medical Sciences, Beijing 100040, China
Abstract: Objective To explore the clinical efficacy and safety of intravitreal injection of conbercept in the treatment of macular edema (ME) secondary to branch retinal vein occlusion (BRVO). Methods A total of 33 patients (38 eyes) with ME secondary to BRVO were selected as research objects, and injected Conbercept Ophthalmic Injection 0.05 mL through vitreous cavity. The optic examination was conducted at least once a month during 6-mongh follow-up. The central foveal thickness was measured to judge whether the injection was given again using optical coherence tomography (OCT). The best corrected visual acuity (BCVA) before and 1, 3 months after treatment as well as OCT results before and 1 month after treatment were compared, and the complications within 1 month after treatment were observed. Results The logarithm of minimum visual resolution (VA) was (0.59±0.21), and improved to (0.35±0.12) after the first injection (P<0.01). There was statistical significance regarding the BCVA before and 1, 3 months after treatment (P<0.05), and the BCVA 3 months after treatment was dramatically higher than that before treatment (P<0.05). The difference was statistically significant regarding the central foveal thickness of retina before and 1 month after treatment (P<0.05). Within 1 month after treatment, only 5 patients (15.15%) suffered from transient increase of intraocular pressure, no other eye-related events occurred. Conclusion For ME secondary to BRVO, intravitreal injection of conbercept based on OCT has definite short-term efficacy and better safety.
Key words: Conbercept    Branch retinal vein occlusion    Macular edema    Optical coherence tomography    

视网膜分支静脉阻塞(branch retinal vein occlusion,BRVO)常见于65岁或以上人群,无遗传性,多发生于颞侧,尤其是颞上象限,其中以中央静脉阻塞最为常见,约占36.9%~69.4%[1]。黄斑水肿(macular edema,ME)是BRVO的主要并发症,是BRVO后导致视力下降的主要原因[2]。黄斑格栅样激光光凝治疗可减少血管渗漏,减轻ME,但提高视力有限,且部分患者多次治疗后ME仍持续存在[3]。研究已证实,抗血管内皮生长因子(vascular endothelial growth factor,VEGF)药物治疗BRVO继发ME疗效显著[4]。康柏西普是我国自主研发的抗VEGF药物,具有多靶点、亲和力强、作用时间长等特点,可阻断VEGF-A所有亚型、VEGF-B及胎盘生长因子,并可完全穿透视网膜,通过竞争性抑制VEGF与受体结合及阻止VEGF家族受体激活来抑制内皮细胞的增殖和新生血管生长[5, 6]。目前,临床应用康柏西普治疗BRVO继发ME的研究较为少见。本研究采用玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普治疗BRVO继发ME,取得了较好疗效,现报告如下。

1 资料与方法 1.1 一般资料

选取2014年4月至2014年9月在青海大学及中国中医科学院眼科医院进行诊治的BRVO继发ME患者33例(38眼),其中男15例,女18例;45~81岁,平均71.25岁。所有患者均为首次就诊,未进行过光动力疗法(photon dynamic treatment,PDT)或其他抗VEGF药物治疗。

1.2 方法

治疗前患者均验光,查最佳矫正视力(best corrected visual acuity,BCVA),在手术室无菌条件下经玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普眼用注射液0.05 mL。随访6个月,随访期间至少每个月检查1次,根据光学相干断层扫描(optical coherence tomography,OCT)测量黄斑中心凹厚度来判断是否行再次注射。38眼中,5眼(13.16%)第1次注射后不需要额外注射,17眼(44.74%)需行2次注射,12眼(31.58%)需行3次注射,4眼(10.53%)需行4次注射联合激光治疗。

1.3 观察指标

治疗前及治疗后1、3个月,采用标准视力表对患者进行BCVA检查;治疗前及治疗后1个月,采用Carl Zeiss OCT进行眼底线性扫描,测量眼底黄斑区视网膜厚度、6 mm黄斑区总容积、脉络膜新生血管(choroidal neovascularization,CNV)及黄斑中心凹厚度;记录治疗后1个月内并发症的发生情况,包括前房炎性反应、角膜水肿、高眼压等。

1.4 统计学处理

采用SPSS 16.0统计学软件进行数据处理,定量资料以$\bar x \pm s$表示,治疗前后比较采用重复测量单因素方差分析,检验水准取ɑ=0.05,P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结 果 2.1 治疗前后BCVA比较

治疗前最小视力分辨率(visual resolution,VA)对数为(0.59±0.21),首次注射后1个月显著改善至(0.35±0.12)(P=0.001),3个月后为(0.30±0.14)(P=0.001)。

2.2 治疗前后OCT结果比较 见表 1

治疗前及治疗后1个月黄斑区视网膜厚度、6 mm黄斑区总容积差异无统计学意义,视网膜黄斑中心凹厚度差异有统计学意义(P=0.45),1个月后平均厚度黄斑中心凹提高并保持为(211±65)μm,虽然第1次注射后3个月平均中心凹的厚度(368±126)μm有增加趋势,但与注药前相比仍有一定改善。

表1 治疗前后OCT结果比较($\bar x \pm s$, n=25) Tab. 1 Comparison of OCT results before and after treatment($\bar x \pm s$, n=25)
2.3 治疗后1个月内并发症发生情况

随访期间,平均注射(2.5±1.5)次(含首次注射)。治疗后1个月内仅5例(15.15%)发生眼压一过性增高,未见眼内炎、葡萄膜炎、白内障进展、长期高眼压等明显眼不良事件发生。

3 讨 论

OCT是一种非侵入性二维成像技术,操作安全、简便,已广泛用于多种眼底疾病的随访检查,可客观、定量测量视网膜神经纤维层(retinal nerve fibre layer,RNFL)厚度和黄斑厚度,且准确性高、重复性好[7]。此外,其还可准确观察治疗前后黄斑部形态和黄斑中心凹视网膜厚度的改变,尤其是治疗前图像,存在明显影响自动测量的因素,如严重视网膜下增生伴或不伴视网膜神经上皮下或色素上皮下积液等。由于BRVO继发ME患者多伴有视网膜色素上皮层脱离和纤维化,病变更易被OCT检测发现,因此每次注药后应常规复查OCT,以明确指导是否行重复治疗[8]

研究发现,视网膜静脉阻塞后患眼玻璃体腔VEGF水平明显升高;VEGF及其受体的过表达与血清蛋白渗出、视网膜增厚、ME密切相关[9, 10]。因此,拮抗VEGF表达可作为BRVO继发ME治疗的一个重要手段。既往研究表明,应用抗VEGF药物对BRVO患者视力及促进黄斑区水肿吸收有一定作用[11, 12]。Hikichi等[13]认为,玻璃体内注射VEGF药物治疗BRVO的机制在于血管闭塞诱导VEGF上调,导致血管通透性增加。康柏西普为应用生物工程技术生产的重组融合蛋白,核心区域由人VEGF受体(vascular endothelial growth factor receptor,VEGFR)1中的免疫球蛋白样区域2、VEGFR2中的免疫球蛋白样区域3、4与人免疫球蛋白Fc片段经融合而成。研究表明,玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普能有效改善BRVO继发ME患者的视网膜功能,利于视力快速恢复,且安全性高[14]

本研究对BRVO继发ME患者经玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普,并根据OCT测量黄斑中心凹厚度以判断是否行再次注射,结果显示,最小VA对数首次注射后1个月显著改善;治疗前及治疗后1、3个月BCVA比较差异有统计学意义,且治疗后3个月BCVA明显高于治疗前;治疗前及治疗后1个月视网膜黄斑中心凹厚度比较差异有统计学意义。此外,治疗后1个月内未见明显眼不良事件发生。以上结果均表明,基于OCT的玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普治疗BRVO继发ME短期疗效确切,且具有较好的安全性。但本研究也存在一定不足:①随访时间较短,不能长期观察ME消退程度、视力变化及眼压的后续变化;②未设其他药物对照组,无法排除因自愈因素导致视力好转;③样本量小,缺乏大样本数据分析。因此,玻璃体腔内注射康柏西普治疗BRVO继发ME的远期疗效仍需更大规模、更长时间观察的研究来证实。

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