山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报  2016, Vol. 30 Issue (5): 33-37  DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2016.347
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许梅杰, 苏梅, 薛荣, 张希龙. 阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停程度与中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值的相关性研究[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2016, 30(5): 33-37.DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2016.347.
XU Meijie , SU Mei , XUE Rong , ZHANG Xilong . Correlation between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome[J]. Journal of shandong eye ent, 2016, 30(5): 33-37. DOI: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2016.347.

作者简介

许梅杰. E-mail:294427584@qq.com

通讯作者

张希龙. E-mail:zhangxilong1952@163.com

文章历史

收稿日期:2016-08-09
网络出版时间:2016-10-17 15:40
阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停程度与中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值的相关性研究
许梅杰, 苏梅, 薛荣, 张希龙     
南京医科大学第一附属医院呼吸与危重症医学科, 江苏 南京 210029
收稿日期:2016-08-09 ;网络出版时间:2016-10-17 15:40
作者简介:许梅杰. E-mail:294427584@qq.com
通讯作者:张希龙. E-mail:zhangxilong1952@163.com
摘要: 目的 探讨研究中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)与阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(OSAS)程度的关系。 方法 将158例按照睡眠期呼吸暂停低通气指数(AHI)情况分为4个组, 分别为正常对照组(n=39)、轻度OSAS组(n=38)、中度OSAS组(n=41)和重度OSAS组(n=40), 此外对重度OSAS组中的31例实施持续气道正压(CPAP)治疗3个月, 对该31例进行CPAP治疗前后对比。比较的血细胞参数包括白细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞、中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)。 结果 NLR的组间比较显示重度OSAS组(3.29±1.19)显著高于正常对照组(1.71±0.69)、轻度OSAS组(1.70±0.71), 中度OSAS组较正常对照组和轻度OSAS组亦明显增高(均为P < 0.05), 而正常对照组与轻度OSAS组间及中度OSAS组与重度OSAS组间差异无统计学意义(P > 0.05)。重度OSAS患者CPAP治疗前后对比结果显示治疗后NLR (1.98±0.81)较治疗前NLR (3.28±0.62)显著降低(P < 0.05)。此外4个组中NLR与睡眠期AHI是呈正相关的(r=0.758, P=0.034), 同时最低氧饱和度与AHI呈负相关(r=-0.179, P=0.012)。 结论 NLR可随着OSAS程度的加重而增高, 因而可能作为一新的指标用来辅助评估OSAS患者体内炎症反应的严重程度。
关键词: 睡眠呼吸暂停, 阻塞性    中性粒细胞    淋巴细胞    持续气道正压    
Correlation between neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio and severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome
XU Meijie, SU Mei, XUE Rong, ZHANG Xilong     
Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine, the First Affiliated Hos-pital of Nanjing Medical University, Nanjing 210029, Jiangsu, China
Abstract: Objective To investigate the relationship between the neutrophil/lymphocyte ratio (NLR) and severity of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome (OSAS). Methods A total of 158 subjects were recruited and divided into 4 groups based on their apnea hypopnea index (AHI) during sleep:control group (n=39), mild OSAS group (n=38), mod-erate OSAS group (n=41) and severe OSAS group (n=40).In addition, 31 patients in the severe OSAS group un-derwent 3-month continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) treatment.White blood cells, neutrophils, lymphocytes and NLR were compared among groups as well as before and after CPAP treatment. Results The NLR in the severe OSAS group (3.29±1.19) was significantly higher than that in the normal control group (1.71±0.69), mild OSAS group (1.70±0.71);the NLR in the moderate OSAS group was significantly higher than that in the normal control group and mild OSAS group (all P < 0.05);there was no significant difference in NLR between the normal control group and mild OSAS group as well as between the moderate OSAS group and severe OSAS group (all P > 0.05). Comparison before and after CPAP treatment showed that NLR was significantly lowered after CPAP treatment (P < 0.05).There was a positive correlation between AHI and NLR (r=0.758, P=0.034), and a negative correlation between AHI and minimal oxygen saturation (r=-0.179, P=0.012). Conclusion NLR may elevate as OSAS becomes more severe and therefore it may serve as a new auxiliary parameter to evaluate the severity of inflammatory status in OSAS patients.
Key words: Sleep apnea syndrome, obstructive    Neutrophils    Lymphocytes    Continuous positive airway pressure    

阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征(obstructive sleep apnea syndrome,OSAS)可造成睡眠中断、间歇性缺氧、日间嗜睡等症状。老龄、解剖学变异、饮酒、性别、肥胖均为OSAS发病的高危因素[1-2]。诊断OSAS需要多导睡眠监测,多导睡眠图监测也用来判断是否需要经鼻持续气道内正压(continous positive airway pressure,CPAP)通气治疗或者用来决定是否采取其它治疗方案[3]。OSAS是多种疾病患病与死亡的重要诱因,其最重要和最常见的并发症是心脑血管疾病[4]。OSAS长期反复缺氧引起氧化应激反应及氧活性簇(reactive oxygen species,ROS)的增加,导致体内炎症反应增加,说明OSAS是一种慢性炎症性疾病。外周血淋巴细胞减少,血小板增多,中性粒细胞增多已被证实可用来反映全身炎症指标[5],淋巴细胞值、中性粒细胞值均影响中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(neutrophil-to-lymphocyte ratio,NLR),NLR是近来发现的、可较为稳定反映机体炎症状态的新指标[6],NLR的增加与心血管疾病的不良预后正相关[7]。本研究目的为判断OSAS患者的疾病严重程度是否与NLR有关,研究经过南京医科大学第一附属医院临床伦理委员会批准,所有患者均签署书面知情同意书。

1 材料与方法 1.1 研究对象

2015年6月至2016年5月共采集参与本研究人员158例, 其中119例为在我医院呼吸科睡眠呼吸障碍诊疗室确诊为OSAS患者,39例为医院体检中心查体的健康成人。158例中男108例,女50例;37~65岁,平均49.7岁。

1.2 纳入标准

119例均有日间嗜睡、打鼾、睡眠呼吸暂停症状。根据R&K标准记录睡眠期[8],呼吸暂停为经鼻气流完全终止10 s以上,低通气为口鼻气流较基础水平降低超过30%伴动脉血氧饱和度减低超过4%,或口鼻气流较基础水平减少超过50%伴动脉血氧饱和度减低超过3%或微觉醒。睡眠呼吸暂停低通气指数(apnea hypopnea index, AHI)为每小时睡眠呼吸暂停以及低通气次数[9]

1.3 排除标准

研究前监测所有患者血常规,患者排除兼有①其他呼吸系统疾病;②心衰、冠心病;③OSAS以外的其他全身炎性疾病;④有重度贫血或其他血液系统疾病;⑤慢性肝病或肾病;⑥恶性肿瘤;⑦近3个月使用抗凝药物、消炎药或激素;⑧失随访及数据丢失的患者。

1.4 分组

患者均经多导睡眠监测,根据阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停低通气综合征诊治指南(2011年修订版)诊断,根据AHI将158例分为个4组,分别为正常对照组(AHI < 5.0,n=39),轻度OSAS组(AHI 5.0~14.9,n=38),中度OSAS组(AHI 15.0~29.9,n=41),重度OSAS组(AHI≥30,n=40)。此外对重度OSAS组中的31例重度OSAS患者经过3个月CPAP治疗并进行治疗前后的自身对照。

1.5 检测指标

158例均进行了多导睡眠监测并检测血常规、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯,测量了ESS嗜睡评分、颈围、腰围、身高和体质量并计算了他们体质量指数(body mass index,BMI)。使用Compumedic E多导睡眠监测仪(澳大利亚Compumedic公司)记录患者脑电、肌电、心电及眼动、口鼻气流、胸腹部呼吸运动、脉氧饱和度、鼾声以及睡眠时体位。血常规是由血细胞分析仪自动测定的,包含了白细胞总数,中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞计数,且计算了NLR值。我们于实验前测得的全部158例的血常规获得白细胞、中性粒细胞、淋巴细胞计数及中性粒细胞/淋巴细胞比值(NLR)。

1.6 统计学处理

使用SPSS 16.0软件分析数据,计量资料中符合正态分布的以x±s表示,计数资料采用χ2检验,计量资料组间比较采用单因素方差分析的方法,组间两两比较采用SNK-q检验。使用Pearson相关性分析统计患者睡眠AHI、最低脉氧饱和度与NLR之间的相关性。CPAP治疗前后比较采用自身配对t检验。检验水准α=0.05, P < 0.05为差异有统计学意义。

2 结果

使用显著性差异测试显示各组的平均年龄、性别比、BMI、白细胞总数、腰围、颈围、空腹血糖、总胆固醇、甘油三酯差异无统计学意义(均为P>0.05)。

ESS评分的组间比较显示,正常对照组的ESS评分显著低于轻度OSAS组、中度OSAS组和重度OSAS组,差异有统计学意义(均为P < 0.05),轻度OSAS组和中度OSAS组之间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05), 重度OSAS组的ESS评分较轻度OSAS组、中度OSAS组仍显著增高,差异有统计学意义(P < 0.05)。

NLR的组间比较显示重度OSAS组(3.29±1.19)显著高于正常对照组(1.71±0.69)、轻度OSAS组(1.70±0.71),中度OSAS组较正常对照组和轻度OSAS组亦明显增高,差异有统计学意义(均为P < 0.05),而正常对照组与轻度OSAS组间以及中度OSAS组与重度OSAS组间差异无统计学意义(P>0.05)。见表 1

表 1 4组间一般参数、夜间血氧及血细胞参数比较(x±s) Table 1 Demographics and laboratory data of the 4 groups(x±s)

重度OSAS患者CPAP治疗前后对比结果显示治疗后NLR(1.98±0.81)较治疗前NLR(3.28±0.62)显著降低(P < 0.05)。见表 2

表 2 重度阻塞性睡眠呼吸暂停综合征患者CPAP治疗前后血细胞参数比较(x±s) Table 2 Comparison of blood cell account and NLR before and after CPAP treatment (x±s)

Pearson相关分析显示:4个组的158例中NLR与睡眠期AHI是呈正相关的(r=0.758,P=0.034),见图 1;同时最低氧饱和度与AHI呈负相关(r=-0.179,P=0.012),见图 2

图 1 AHI与NLR相关性散点图 Figure 1 Correlation between AHI and NLR
图 2 AHI与最低氧饱和度相关性散点图 Figure 2 Correlation between AHI and minimal oxygen saturation
3 讨论

OSAS的特点是反复间歇性缺氧发作以及炎症活动, 提高了心血管疾病的发病率[10],OSAS与炎症相关已被大量研究所证实,已发现OSAS患者的炎性指标升高[11];升高程度与疾病严重程度以及缺氧时间有关[12]

研究表明,OSAS患者反复呼吸暂停及打鼾导致上呼吸道机械性损伤,导致多核细胞、细胞因子以及IL-6,IL-8,缓激肽及血管活性肽,氧化应激指标,比如氧化亚氮等升高[13-14],OSAS患者的局部及系统性炎症指标,如C反应蛋白,肿瘤坏死因子也升高[15]

OSAS患者反复经历短暂缺氧后再氧合,还会导致线粒体功能障碍[16],诱发细胞应激,这是由炎症基因表达调节指标NFkB转录因子[17]介导的炎症反应的催化,间断再氧合使间歇性缺氧与持续缺氧后再灌注损伤区分开来,导致NFkB介导的炎症反应活化[17]。已经有许多报道选择性的检测了OSAS患者在CPAP治疗前后的炎症指标,发现OSAS的NFkB转录因子激活的产物包括肿瘤坏死因子,IL-6,IL-8以及细胞粘附分子1升高,但在CPAP治疗后降低[18-19]

NLR是近来发现的、可较为稳定反映机体炎症状态的新指标,与IL-6,IL-8以及肿瘤坏死因子这些炎症因子相比,NLR具有没有额外费用的优势,并且容易在血常规中获得[20]。淋巴细胞值、中性粒细胞值均影响NLR, 其中,中性粒细胞计数与炎症状态有关,淋巴细胞计数与机体应激状态以及营养状态有关,同时,Dyugovskaya等[21]研究显示,在OSAS患者中存在着中性粒细胞凋亡延迟现象,这可能也与NLR的增高有关。

NLR作为心脏病及非心脏病患者炎症反应的潜在指标[8, 22-23],已被证实是提示临床不良预后的有效指标,NLR在有经皮冠脉介入术史的患者中,对评估长期生存率有突出作用[24],另外,NLR的升高与有冠状动脉分流手术史的患者不良预后有关[25],也可通过比如急性冠脉综合征,心衰以及冠状动脉重建术过程中的炎症反应提示冠心病[8, 22],近期对急性心衰患者的研究显示中性粒细胞、相关淋巴细胞减少及NLR是预估死亡率的独立因素[26-28]

本临床研究Pearson相关性分析结果显示,中-重度OSAS患者存在与OSAS严重程度相关的NLR增高,但该增高的NLR似乎可以被CPAP治疗所逆转,进一步说明NLR增高是OSAS本身所诱导的。而且相关性也提示了反应OSAS严重程度的AHI和最低脉氧饱和度与NLR的相关关系。

根据本研究结果,可见NLR在OSAS患者的临床追踪中很重要,可能作为对OSAS患者体内炎症反应和发展状况的随访指标。虽然使用NLR可作为所有患者的辅助诊断方法。但是,我们不认为这个比值可替代多导睡眠监测。OSAS的评估需要多导睡眠监测。多导睡眠监测也可用来判断是否需要CPAP治疗或者用来决定是否采取其它治疗方案[3]

在临床实践中,本研究结果可得到广泛应用,因为测定NLR方法简单易于普及。NLR作为OSAS患者全身炎症反应的指标,这可以在没有额外费用的OSAS患者中使用,因为血常规是实验室常规测定项目,使用这个比值甚至可以作为避免可能发生的心血管并发症的参考参数[29]

本研究只是进行了一个验证假设的初步实验, 主要限制是缺乏类似C反应蛋白及其他已被确认的可反应炎性反应的指标作对比。另外,我们没有检测经外科手术治疗或下颌矫正器治疗的OSAS患者的NLR。研究的样本量小,今后还需要更大样本的实验来进一步证实本研究的发现。

综上所述,NLR与OSAS的严重程度呈正相关,OSAS患者的炎症反应可导致NLR升高。且NLR测定方法简单,费用较低,因而可能作为一新的指标用来辅助评估OSAS患者体内炎症反应的严重程度。

致谢: 本研究统计学处理由南京医科大学公共卫生系喻荣彬教授指导!
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