Abstract: Objective To study the refractive status of children with spontaneous regression of retinopathy of prematurity(ROP). Methods This was a retrospective case-control study on 72 children(144 eyes)with spontaneous regression of ROP in the observation group, which was further divided into 3 groups based on the age of children at the time of the refraction test: Group 1, corrected gestational age(CGA)≤ 1 year; Group 2, 1 year < CGA ≤ 2 years; Group 3, 2 years < CGA ≤ 3 years. Simultaneously, 180 preterm children(360 eyes)without ROP were included in the control group, which was also divided into 3 groups according to the age of children at the time of the refraction test: Group 4, CGA ≤ 1 year; Group 5, 1 year < CGA ≤ 2 years; Group 6: 2 years < CGA ≤ 3 years. Refractive states of the children's eyes were measured and compared between the observation and control groups. Chi-squared and Fisher's exact tests were used for the counting data. A t-test was used for the measurement data. Results The average equivalent sphericity, average astigmatism, myopia ratio, high myopia ratio, hyperopia ratio, and astigmatism ratio had no statistical differences between groups 1 and 4, 2 and 5, and 3 and 6. Conclusion There were no significant differences in the refractive state between children with spontaneous regression of ROP and preterm children without ROP before 3 years of age. Most children had envisage and farsightedness, some had myopia, and a very few children had high myopia.

Key words: Retinopathy of prematurity, Premature infant, Refraction