Abstract: To explore the influences of olfactory area cilia before and after functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis complicated with olfactory sensation disorders, and to provide a theoretical foundation for clinical treatment of chronic sinusitis. MethodsOlfactory area membranes of the nasal septum were cut under endoscopy and observed by a transmission electron microscope. ResultsOlfactory sensation recovery rate was 98%, and ultra microstructure of the olfactory epithelium recovered to 80%. ConclusionsUltrastructure disorder of olfactory epithelium cells induced by inflammation has relations to disorder of olfactory sensation. With the recovery of the ultrastructure of the olfactory epithelium, olfactory sensation is improved.