Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (4): 7-14.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2023.049

• Original Article • Previous Articles    

Based on baidu index SARS-CoV-2 infection ear symptoms before and after the outbreak of health network research attention

LIU Panpan1,2,3,4,5, ZHAO He1,2,4,5, WANG Yan1,2,4,5, QIU Jingjing2,4,5, LIU Dawei2,4,5, SUN Yan2,4,5   

  1. 1. The Second Medical College, Binzhou Medical University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital, Qingdao University, Yantai 265100, Shandong, China3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Haiyang Hospital of traditional Chinese Medicine, Yantai 264000, Shandong 4. Shandong Provincial Clinical Research Center for Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China5. Yantai Key Laboratory of Otorhinolaryngologic Diseases, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
  • Published:2024-07-09

PDF (PC)

79

Abstract: Objective This study aimed to understand the trend of online public attention toward ear symptoms before and after the SARS-CoV-2 infection outbreak, use the Baidu Index to explore the correlation between SARS-CoV-2 infection case numbers and public interest in China, and investigate the potential of online data as an early warning for public health events. Methods Keywords associated with ear symptoms(“hearing impairment”“tinnitus” “hearing loss”“vertigo” “ stuffy ears”“deafness”)were extracted from the Baidu index platform. Searched volume data were compared before and after the outbreak. We used a one-way analysis of variance to analyze differences in search volume pre- and post-outbreak. Pearson correlation coefficients were calculated between the Baidu search index and the daily trend of SARS-CoV-2 cases nationwide. Results Compared to the same period in previous years(2017-2020), online searches for “hearing impairment”“tinnitus” “hearing loss” “vertigo”“deafness” significantly increased 2020-2023(all P<0.001). The Baidu search index for “hearing impairment”“hearing loss” “vertigo” “stuffy ears” “deafness” showed significant positive correlations with new SARS-CoV-2 cases(all P<0.001). Conclusion Following the SARS-CoV-2 outbreak, online public attention to ear symptoms intensified. We observed a significant positive correlation between the Baidu search index for ear symptoms and the new number of COVID-19 cases. These findings suggest that monitoring online trends in ear symptoms may hold promise for early prevention and control of SARS-CoV-2.

Key words: SARS-CoV-2, Baidu index, Ear symptoms, Relativity analysis, Network attention

CLC Number: 

  • R764.43
[1] Cascella M, Rajnik M, Aleem A, et al. Features, evaluation, and treatment of coronavirus(COVID-19)[M]. Treasure Island(FL): StatPearls Publishing, 2023
[2] Pascarella G, Strumia A, Piliego C, et al. COVID-19 diagnosis and management: a comprehensive review[J]. J Intern Med, 2020, 288(2): 192-206. doi: 10.1111/joim.13091
[3] Wu Z, McGoogan JM. Characteristics of and important lessons from the coronavirus disease 2019(COVID-19)outbreak in China: summary of a report of 72 314 cases from the Chinese center for Disease Control and Prevention[J]. JAMA, 2020, 323(13): 1239-1242. doi: 10.1001/jama.2020.2648
[4] De Luca P, Colacurcio V, De Bonis E, et al. Impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on otolaryngology residency: a real-life experience[J]. Ear Nose Throat J, 2020, 99(9): 563-564. doi: 10.1177/0145561320926291
[5] Qiu JJ, Yang X, Liu LM, et al. Prevalence and prognosis of otorhinolaryngological symptoms in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 2022, 279(1): 49-60. doi:10.1007/s00405-021-06900-8
[6] Agyeman AA, Chin KL, Landersdorfer CB, et al. Smell and taste dysfunction in patients with COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Mayo Clin Proc, 2020, 95(8): 1621-1631. doi:10.1016/j.mayocp.2020.05.030
[7] Almufarrij I, Uus K, Munro KJ. Does coronavirus affect the audio-vestibular system? A rapid systematic review[J]. Int J Audiol, 2020, 59(7): 487-491. doi:10.1080/14992027.2020.1776406
[8] Saniasiaya J, Kulasegarah J. Auditory cinchonism in COVID era[J]. Ear Nose Throat J, 2020, 99(9): 597-598. doi:10.1177/0145561320947255
[9] Mao L, Jin HJ, Wang MD, et al. Neurologic manifestations of hospitalized patients with coronavirus disease 2019 in Wuhan, China[J]. JAMA Neurol, 2020, 77(6): 683-690. doi:10.1001/jamaneurol.2020.1127
[10] 蒋振华, 张礼俊, 李莹, 等. COVID-19防控期间疫情非高发地区综合医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科病房诊疗实践[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2020, 34(2): 93-98. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2020.057 JIANG Zhenhua, ZHANG Lijun, LI Ying, et al. Epidemic control practices of an otolaryngology-head and neck surgery ward in an area with non-high incidence of COVID-19[J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2020, 34(2): 93-98. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2020.057
[11] 新华社. “数字”点亮美好生活: 透视第50次《中国互联网络发展状况统计报告》[J]. 信息系统工程, 2022(10): 4-5
[12] Zhou WW, Zhong LX, Tang XF, et al. Early warning and monitoring of COVID-19 using the Baidu Search Index in China[J]. J Infect, 2022, 84(5): e82-e84. doi:10.1016/j.jinf.2022.02.002
[13] 中华人民共和国国家卫生健康委员会. 新型冠状病毒肺炎疫情通报[EB/OL].(2023-01-15)[2023-02-17] http://www.nhc.gov.cn.
[14] 中国疾病预防控制中心.全国新型冠状病毒感染疫情情况[EB/OL].(2023-01-15)[2023-02-17] https://www.chinacdc.cn/.
[15] Fang JC, Zhang XY, Tong Y, et al. Baidu index and COVID-19 epidemic forecast: evidence from China[J]. Front Public Health, 2021, 9: 685141. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.685141
[16] 冯琳, 梁立荣, 史涤霏, 等. 基于百度指数数据分析新冠疫情发生前后戒烟相关信息的网络关注度[J]. 中华健康管理学杂志, 2022, 8(5): 337-342. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115624-20220104-0007
[17] 聂凯, 王晓艳, 马可嘉, 等. 基于谷歌趋势与百度和微信指数的中国炎症性肠病概况研究[J]. 中华消化杂志, 2022, 42(6): 395-401. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn311367-20211127-00644
[18] GBD Hearing Loss Collaborators. Hearing loss prevalence and years lived with disability, 1990-2019: findings from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2019[J]. Lancet, 2021, 397(10278): 996-1009. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(21)00516-X
[19] Mustafa MWM. Audiological profile of asymptomatic Covid-19 PCR-positive cases[J]. Am J Otolaryngol, 2020, 41(3): 102483. doi:10.1016/j.amjoto.2020.102483
[20] Liu NN, Tan JC, Li JQ, et al. COVID-19 pandemic: experiences in China and implications for its prevention and treatment worldwide[J]. Curr Cancer Drug Targets, 2020, 20(6): 410-416. doi:10.2174/1568009620666200414151419
[21] Xia L, He G, Feng Y, et al. COVID-19 associated anxiety enhances tinnitus[J]. PLoS One, 2021, 16(2): e0246328. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0246328
[22] Mazurek B, Boecking B, Brueggemann P. Association between stress and tinnitus-new aspects[J]. and, 2019, 40(4): e467-e473. doi:10.1097/MAO.0000000000002180
[23] 周腊梅, 蒋雯, 刘稳, 等. 持续性特发性耳鸣严重程度的相关因素分析[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2021, 35(6): 70-76. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.009 ZHOU Lamei, JIANG Wen, LIU Wen, et al. Analysis of factors related to the severity of persistent idiopathic tinnitus[J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2021, 35(6): 70-76. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.009
[24] Pietro DL, Ettore C, Alfonso S, et al. Sudden sensorineural hearing loss and COVID-19:(commentary on "Could sudden sensorineural hearing loss be the sole manifestation of COVID-19? An investigation into SARS-COV-2 in the etiology of sudden sensorineural hearing loss" by Osman Kilic, Mahmut Tayyar Kalcioglu, Yasemin Cag, Ozan Tuysuz, Emel Pektas, Hulya Caskurlu, and Ferihan Cet?n)[J]. Int J Infect Dis, 2020, 101: 201-202. doi: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijid.2020.09.1467
[25] Gong X, Hou MC, Han YY, et al. Application of the Internet platform in monitoring Chinese public attention to the outbreak of COVID-19[J]. Front Public Health, 2021, 9: 755530. doi:10.3389/fpubh.2021.755530
[26] Valdivia A, Lopez-Alcalde J, Vicente M, et al. Monitoring influenza activity in Europe with Google Flu Trends: comparison with the findings of sentinel physician networks - results for 2009-10[J]. Eur Commun Dis Bull, 2010, 15(29): 19621. doi:10.2807/ese.15.29.19621-en
[27] Ginsberg J, Mohebbi MH, Patel RS, et al. Detecting influenza epidemics using search engine query data[J]. Nature, 2009, 457(7232): 1012-1014. doi:10.1038/nature07634
[28] Masri S, Jia JF, Li C, et al. Use of Twitter data to improve Zika virus surveillance in the United States during the 2016 epidemic[J]. BMC Public Health, 2019, 19(1): 761. doi:10.1186/s12889-019-7103-8
[29] Milinovich GJ, Magalhães RJ, Hu WB. Role of big data in the early detection of Ebola and other emerging infectious diseases[J]. Lancet Glob Health, 2015, 3(1): e20-e21. doi:10.1016/S2214-109X(14)70356-0
[30] 王若佳. 融合百度指数的流感预测机理与实证研究[J]. 情报学报, 2018, 37(2): 206-219. doi:10.3772/j.issn.1000-0135.2018.02.009 WANG Ruojia. Mechanism and empirical research on forecasting influenza epidemic fused with Baidu index[J]. Journal of the China Society for Scientific andTechnical Information, 2018, 37(2): 206-219. doi:10.3772/j.issn.1000-0135.2018.02.009
[31] Hou ZY, Du FX, Zhou XY, et al. Cross-country comparison of public awareness, rumors, and behavioral responses to the COVID-19 epidemic: infodemiology study[J]. J Med Internet Res, 2020, 22(8): e21143. doi:10.2196/21143
[32] Carneiro HA, Mylonakis E. Google trends: a web-based tool for real-time surveillance of disease outbreaks[J]. Clin Infect Dis, 2009, 49(10): 1557-1564. doi:10.1086/630200
[33] Xu C, Zhao H, Song YW, et al. The association between allergic rhinitis and COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Int J Clin Pract, 2022, 2022: 6510332. doi:10.1155/2022/6510332
[34] Wu T, Yu PY, Li YX, et al. Asthma does not influence the severity of COVID-19: a meta-analysis[J]. J Asthma, 2022, 59(6): 1188-1194. doi:10.1080/02770903.2021.1917603
[35] Beukes E, Ulep AJ, Eubank T, et al. The impact of COVID-19 and the pandemic on tinnitus: a systematic review[J]. J Clin Med, 2021, 10(13): 2763. doi:10.3390/jcm10132763
[36] Jafari Z, Kolb BE, Mohajerani MH. Hearing loss, tinnitus, and dizziness in COVID-19: a systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Can J Neurol Sci, 2022, 49(2): 184-195. doi:10.1017/cjn.2021.63
[37] Almufarrij I, Munro KJ. One year on: an updated systematic review of SARS-CoV-2, COVID-19 and audio-vestibular symptoms[J]. Int J Audiol, 2021, 60(12): 935-945. doi:10.1080/14992027.2021.1896793
[38] Dharmarajan S, Bharathi MB, Sivapuram K, et al. Hearing loss-a camouflaged manifestation of COVID 19 infection[J]. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2021, 73(4): 494-498. doi:10.1007/s12070-021-02581-1
[39] Kilic O, Kalcioglu MT, Cag Y, et al. Could sudden sensorineural hearing loss be the sole manifestation of COVID-19 An investigation into SARS-COV-2 in the etiology of sudden sensorineural hearing loss[J]. Int J Infect Dis, 2020, 97: 208-211. doi:10.1016/j.ijid.2020.06.023
[40] 许珂, 贺晓迎. 新时代中国人口结构的发展态势研究: 基于对“第七次全国人口普查公报”的分析[J]. 成都行政学院学报, 2022(2): 33-46. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-5947.2022.02.005 XU Ke, HE Xiaoying. A study on the development trend of China's population structure in the new era: analysis based on the communique of the seventh national population census[J]. Journal of Chengdu Administration Institute, 2022(2): 33-46. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-5947.2022.02.005
[41] 邱惠军, 袁联雄, 黄雪琨, 等. 基于互联网大数据对新型冠状病毒肺炎症状特征的研究与分析[J]. 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2020, 55(6): 569-575. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200225-00128 QIU Huijun, YUAN Lianxiong, HUANG Xuekun, et al. Using the big data of Internet to understand the characteristics of coronavirus disease 2019: a big data study[J]. Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 2020, 55(6): 569-575. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20200225-00128
[1] WANG Jian, DU Weijia, XUE Tao, CHEN Fuquan. Analysis of the epidemic characteristics of allergic rhinitis and related allergic diseases in China using Baidu index data [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2023, 37(5): 31-41.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
No Suggested Reading articles found!
Website Copyright: Editorial Office of Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University
Address: No.27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong, China. Post code: 250100 Tel: +86-0531-88366912 Email: ebhxb@sdu.edu.cn Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd