Table of Content

20 January 2018 Volume 32 Issue 1

  

Beauty and function: nasal deformity repair and nasal septoplasty

LI Na

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  1-2.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.051

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Application of rib cartilage in rhinoplasty

TWU Chihwen

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  3-6.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.055

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Autologous grafts are used in rhinoplasty for cosmetic purposes and structural reconstruction. Among the various cartilaginous autografts, rib cartilage plays a key role because it offers strong structural support and there is abundant material supply. Otolaryngology head and neck surgeons should be familiar with the advantages and disadvantages of rib cartilage usage in order to manage the associated techniques and avoid possible complications.

Reconstruction of first-stage nasal bone fractures with nasal septum deviation using endoscopic guidance

ZHU Li

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  7-9.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.045

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Most nasal bone fractures accompanied by traumatic nasal septum deviation result in structural and functional damage. The fractures of the nasal bone can be corrected by performing surgery using endoscopic guidance. Using endoscopic guidance, the correction of the nasal septum can be performed in a minimally invasive manner such that as little nasal septum bone and cartilage tissue as possible is removed, and consequently, structural and functional recovery can be achieved.

Rhinoplasty for a crooked nose

ZHANG Weitian, MAO Song

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  10-13.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.046

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Rhinoplasty for a crooked nose should address both aesthetic appearance and nasal function. The upper one-third of the crooked nose is corrected by osteotomy, and the middle one-third is always addressed by septum correction. The dorsum may be straightened by a variety of methods, including scoring, excision, spreader grafts, and autospreader flaps. Caudal septal deviation is treated with scoring, excision, and repositioning of the septum on the anterior nasal spine. Different osteotomies are adopted in different types of crooked nose. Treatment of inferior turbinate hypertrophy and internal valve collapse is essential to correct the functionally compromised airway of a crooked nose. Columellar strut grafts, tip suturing techniques, and alar base excision are used to correct nasal tips and alae.

Curative effect of delayed local flap repair on defects of the nasal tip and dorsum in nasal emergency trauma

WU Qingwei, ZHAO Yingying, WANG Peihua, WANG Zhongying, CHEN Dong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  14-17.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.042

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Objective To investigate the clinical efficacy of delaying local flap repair of apical and dorsal nasal defects in nasal emergency trauma cases. Methods A retrospective analysis of eight trauma patients with apical and dorsal nasal cutaneous, subcutaneous, musculature, and cartilage defects was performed at the Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Ninth Peoples Hospital affiliated with Shanghai Jiaotong University School of Medicine between January 2011 and January 2014. There were seven male and one female patients; three had pure tip defects, two had simple nasal defects, and three had nasal tip defects combined with dorsum defects. All patients were initially treated with debridement and hemostasis at the emergency department before being admitted to the hospital for local dressing and systemic antibiotic therapy for 1 to 3 days. Afterwards, reconstruction of the nose with local and distant flaps was performed under general anesthesia. Results All patients were followed up for a period of 6 months to 2 years. All eight patients survived the flap without local infections or necrosis. Subjective assessments of the nasal appearance and patency performed at the short and long term follow-up visits were satisfactory to both patients and the surgeon. There was no significant impact on the quality of life of patients. Conclusion It is feasible and effective to delay the local flap repair in patients with sharp dorsal nasal defects for several days, while providing them with debridement and anti-inflammatory treatment at the emergency department. After several days of treatment and local dressing changes, the patients could tolerate surgery better.

Applications of nasal septal cartilage grafts in post-traumatic nasal deformity repair

SUN Yiyuan, WANG Peihua, XU Chenjie

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  18-21.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.043

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Objective To investigate the applications of nasal septal cartilage grafts in the repair of post-traumatic nasal deformities. Methods Following trauma, the nose sometimes exhibits a flattened appearance, known as a saddle nose deformity. This deformity of the keystone area corresponds to a marked lack of bony and cartilaginous support. A total of 43 patients with a post-traumatic nasal deformity were treated with implantation and repair, using a nasal septal cartilage graft, from January 2014 to December 2016. We sutured and shaped the nasal septal cartilage according to the shape of the depression in the nasal dorsum, and inserted the graft through an incision along the alar margin. All the patients were followed up for 1-3 years. Results During follow-up, nine patients exhibited poor outcomes with respect to nasal appearance, and a secondary nasal deformity repair surgery had to be performed to obtain better results. Conclusion Nasal septal cartilage grafts have a very important role in the surgical correction of post-traumatic nasal deformities, as they can fill the depressed areas and maintain the continuity of the bony and cartilaginous nasal cones. However, they have a few limitations, such as post-operative cartilage absorption, leading to local deformation and poor contour. Therefore, improvements in graft quality/type/technique are necessary to obtain better nasal appearance.

Use of a surgical navigation system in naso-orbital-ethmoid fracture surgery

XU Chenjie, CHEN Dong, WANG Peihua

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  22-25.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.044

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Objective To explore the application of computer-assisted navigation in naso-orbital-ethmoid fracture surgery. Methods Sixty-two patients, comprising 21 patients with orbital margin fracture, 3 patients with frontal bone fracture, 15 patients with maxillary fracture, and 23 patients with compoud naso-orbital-ethmoid fracture, were enrolled in this study. Computed tomography(CT)scans were obtained and data were stored in the digital imaging and communications in medicine(DICOM)format. A morphological reconstruction was made and displayed using preoperative simulation with mirroring procedures. All operations were performed under the guidance of a navigation system. The accuracy of navigation was evaluated by comparing the postoperative CT three-dimensional model with the preoperative surgical planning. Results Through registration, an accurate match between the intraoperative anatomy and the CT images was achieved. The systematic error evaluated by a computer was within a 1 mm margin. All operations were performed successfully with the guidance of real-time navigation. All patients recovered uneventfully and profile was improved significantly. Conclusion With the opportunity to perform preoperative planning and surgical simulation, computer-assisted navigation shows great value in improving the accuracy of naso-orbital-ethmoid fracture surgery, reducing risk during operation and the incidence of secondary surgery, and restoring facial symmetry.

Evaluation of nasal airway function after Le Fort I osteomy using a quality of life questionnaire

WANG Zhongying, WANG Peihua

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  26-27.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.041

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Objective To evaluate nasal airway function before and after Le Fort I osteotomy using a quality of life questionnaire. Methods The NOSE scale was used to evaluate nasal airway function preoperatively and at 6 months postoperatively in 100 patients who had undergone Le Fort I osteotomy. Results The mean score on the NOSE scale was 10.60±17.1 preoperatively and 6.2±10.9 at postoperative 6 months(t=3.766, P=0.001). Conclusion Nasal airway function was not affected by Le Fort I osteotomy. Patients who had nasal congestion before surgery showed improvement in their nasal airway function after surgery.

Use of a spreader graft for treatment of nasal valve dysfunction

CHEN Xiaomeng, ZHOU Peng, FANG Jia, ZHANG Weitian, SU Kaiming

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  28-32.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.057

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Objective To explore the treatment of nasal valve compromise by using a spreader graft. Methods Two cases of patients with nasal valve compromise treated by using a spreader graft were analyzed, and a literature review was performed. Results Preoperatively, the main complaint of the two patients was nasal obstruction, and the lateral wall of the nasal cavity was found to collapse during quiet breathing. After surgery using a spreader graft, the symptom of nasal obstruction in both patients resolved, and the lateral nasal wall did not collapse even during deep inspiration. Conclusion Surgery using a spreader graft is effective for patients with nasal valve dysfunction. The long-term effects of this technique were favorable.

Efficacy of nasal endoscope-assisted nasal plastic surgery and nasal septum deviation correction

HUA Cheng, CHEN Zhenyu, ZHANG Weina, LI Na

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  33-36.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.053

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Objective To summarize the clinical data of 33 patients with crooked nose and nasal septum deviation undergoing endoscope-assisted nasal plastic surgery and nasal septum deviation correction, and to analyze the surgical methods used and postoperative effects. Methods All patients underwent endoscope-assisted osteotomy and correction of the nasal septum via the nasal cannula, the nasal vestibule incision under general anesthesia, with exposure of the subperiosteal nasal and maxillary frontal processes. The removed nasal septum and cartilage were trimmed to fill the collapsed area and support the columella, and a dressing was applied to the nose. Turbinoplasty was also performed during the procedure. After surgery, all patients were followed-up for more than 3 months. Results All patients achieved satisfactory surgical outcomes and good nasal ventilation. Conclusion Nasal endoscope-assisted rhinoplasty and nasal septum deviation correction are effective and without rejection. This procedure can not only improve the appearance of the nose, but can also improve nasal ventilation.

The basic anatomical considerations for functional rhinoplasty

ZHOU Peng, SU Kaiming

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  37-41.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.058

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There are two major types of rhinoplasty: cosmetic and functional. Functional rhinoplasty alters the anatomy of the nose to optimize the airways. The appearance of the nose may improve as a result of the surgery. The common indications for this procedure vary, such as crooked nose, caudal septal deviation, old nasal fracture, deformities of nasal cartilages, and narrowing and collapse of internal or external nasal valve. This paper presents the anatomical considerations for functional rhinoplasty.

Advances in the research of nasal plastic surgery in women of the Han nationality in China

HUA Cheng, CHEN Zhenyu

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  42-44.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.052

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In recent years, experts of plastic surgery in our country have designed a number of precise surgical procedures according to the esthetic characteristics of the nasal passages in Han women and the application requirements of the different filling materials, to improve rhinoplasty outcomes. Based on the nasal characteristics of Han women, this article summarizes the advances in the nasal dorsal and nasal tip rhinoplasties and their postoperative complications to provide a guiding reference for clinical practice.

Nasal septum-nasal plastic surgery for correction of severe traumatic nasal deformity with nasal septum deviation: one case report

JIANG Ying, CHEN Yuezhu, RAO Yufang, TANG Yuedi

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  45-47.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2018.028

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The application of pedicle tissue flaps in reconstruction of pharyngeal and esophageal defects in head and neck surgery

LI Xuexin, JIANG Zhen, YUE Jianlin, LIN Yun, SUN Ruijie, LIU Dayu, PAN Xinliang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  48-52.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.525

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Objective To evaluate the application and outcomes of pedicle tissue flaps in reconstruction of pharyngeal and esophageal defects in head and neck surgery. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 186 operative cases in patients with malignant diseases in the Department of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University. The patients underwent reconstruction of defects using pectoralis myocutaneous flaps, sternohyoid flaps, tongue flaps, laryngotracheal flaps, pharyngogastric anastomoses, and pharyngocolonic anastomoses. Results Four patients had laryngeal cancer, 87 had hypopharyngeal cancer, 5 had thyroid cancer, 2 had tonsil cancer, 38 had cervical esophageal cancer, and 15 had pharyngocutaneous fistulas. Reconstruction was performed with single or combined pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps in 71 cases; 2 underwent reconstruction with a tongue flap combined with laryngotracheal and pectoralis major myocutaneous flaps, with recovery of swallowing function; 38 of 40 underwent reconstruction with laryngotracheal flaps, with recovery of swallowing function; 55 of 58 underwent reconstruction with single or combined pharyngogastric anastomoses, with recovery of swallowing function, and with preservation of laryngeal function in 53.4%; and 13 of 15 underwent reconstruction with single or combined pharyngocolonic anastomoses, with recovery of swallowing function, and with preservation of laryngeal function in 93.3%. Conclusion Pedicle tissue flaps meet the requirements for reconstruction of pharyngeal and esophageal defects in head and neck surgery. These flaps have a good blood supply, mature technology, and are easy to perform, requiring less operative skill. Moreover, these flaps play an important role in one-stage reconstruction in head and neck surgery when used flexibly.

Diagnosis and treatment of cervical root space-occupying lesions

JIANG Zhen, LEI Dapeng, LIU Dayu, SUN Ruijie, YU Xuemin, LI Xuexin, LIN Yun, PAN Xinliang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  53-55.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.524

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Objective To explore the diagnosis of lesions occupying the root of neck, choose rational surgical plans, and reduce the occurrence of complications. Methods From January 2005 to January 2014, a total of 147 patients with intact data of tumors at the root of the neck, from the Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, were retrospectively analyzed. Results According to pathologic diagnosis, 56 of the 147 cases were esophageal carcinoma, 50 were substernal thyroid, 18 were neurinoma, nine were neurofibroma, five were cyst of the lymph-vessel, and nine were tracheal tumors. All tumors were totally resected except for one lymphatic cyst, which was incompletely resected because of conjunction with important tissues.Twenty-four of the 147 cases presented complications(16.33%). Follow up for three years.The three-year survival rate for patients with malignant tumors was 35.62%. One patient with a lymphatic cyst that was not removed completely did not experience relapse. Conclusion The best therapeutic regimen for the treatment of lesions occupying the root of neck was operation, however the complicated anatomical structure of this region makes it difficult to perform operations without resulting complications.

The application of local tissue flaps in primary reconstruction of laryngeal function after laryngectomy

LIN Yun, PAN Xinliang, LIU Dayu, SUN Ruijie, LI Xuexin, JIANG Zhen, YUE Jianlin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  56-60.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.526

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Objective To discuss and evaluate the application and outcomes of local tissue flaps in primary reconstruction of laryngeal function after laryngectomy. Methods A retrospective analysis of 658 operations in patients with laryngeal carcinoma from the Department of Otolaryngology, Qilu Hospital of Shandong University, was performed. The patients underwent primary reconstruction of laryngeal function immediately following laryngectomy using the sternohyoid flap, thyrohyoid flap, epiglottis flap, pre-cervical skin flap, and/or pectoralis major flap. Results All patients received a tracheotomy and had their laryngeal function preserved in the primary surgery. Five hundred and forty-six patients underwent single or combination sternohyoid flap reconstruction. Forty-five patients underwent single or combination thyrohyoid flap reconstruction. Thirty-nine patients underwent reconstruction with the epiglottis flap. Twenty-eight patients underwent reconstruction with the pre-cervical skin flap. The total 3-year survival rate was 83.01%, and the total 5-year survival rate was 72.53%. The total extubation rate was 86.04%. Conclusion The use of local tissue flaps is advantageous for reconstruction in head and neck surgery because of their good blood supply, their ability to support a variety of surgical options, and the surgical simplicity of the operations in which they are used. Local flaps play an important role in one-stage reconstruction of laryngeal function when used flexibly.

Nasotracheal intubation guided by fiberoptic laryngoscopy in 35 patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome undergoing surgeries under general anesthesia

ZHANG Jianwei, NI Ze, TANG Dongliang, XU Jin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  61-64.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.352

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Objective To evaluate the use of nasotracheal intubation guided by fiberoptic laryngoscopy for anesthesia in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS). Methods A total of 70 patients with OSAHS, who were scheduled for surgeries under general anesthesia, were equally divided into a nasotracheal intubation group and a video laryngoscope group. Outcomes measured and compared between the two groups included first-attempt intubation success rate, total intubation time, extent of pharyngeal damage and bleeding, extent of posterior pharyngeal wall damage, active bleeding from the nasal cavity during the procedure, postoperative adhesions of the nasal cavity, and rhinobyon. Results In the nasotracheal intubation group, all patients were successfully intubated on the first attempt. The mean total intubation time was 32.34 s±6.13 s, with all positions correct and without requiring anesthesia adjustment. In contrast, in the video laryngoscope group, 5(14%)patients required reintubation; however, all were successfully performed on the second attempt. The mean total intubation time was 56.54 s±23.75 s. The total intubation time was significantly better in the nasotracheal intubation than in the video laryngoscope group(P<0.05). No nasal cavity or pharyngeal mucosal membrane damage occurred postoperatively. In addition, there was no postoperative worsening of nasal obstruction. While intubating patients, 3 had active bleeding. Postoperatively, adhesions of the nasal cavity occurred in 3 patients, while posterior pharyngeal wall damage occurred in 3 patients in the video laryngoscope group. Conclusion Nasotracheal intubation guided by fiberoptic laryngoscopy is a safe and effective option for patients with OSAHS, which may be used as a first-line option.

Budesonide nasal drops in head extension position improve otitis media with effusion in children with adenoid hypertrophy: a case-study of 31 patients

XIE Rilin, ZHANG Zhiping

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  65-67.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.377

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Objective To evaluate the efficacy of budesonide nasal drops administered in the head extension position for the treatment of otitis media with effusion(OME)in children with adenoid hypertrophy. Methods Sixty-two patients with OME accompanied by adenoid hypertrophy were included in this study and were divided into a treatment and a control group. The 31 patients in the treatment group received budesonide nasal drops in the head extension position while the 31 patients in the control group underwent watchful waiting. Electro-otoscopy and acoustic impedance audiometry were performed every 2 weeks. The efficacy of treatment was compared between the groups. Results The efficacy of budesonide nasal drops was 83.87% while that of the control group treatment was 61.29%, with a significant difference between the two management approaches(P<0.05). Conclusion It is highly efficient to administer budesonide nasal drops in the head extension position to treat OME in children with adenoid hypertrophy.

Comparison of two intraocular lens measurement formulas for prediction of postoperative refraction accuracy in patients with angle closure glaucoma and cataract

GAO Xue, HAO Linlin, LIU Shaohua, ZHANG Han

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  68-71.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.512

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Objective This study compared the SRK-T and Haigis intraocular lens(IOL)measurement formulas for prediction of accuracy in angle closure glaucoma(ACG)combined with cataract. Methods This prospective study of 46 patients(46 eyes)with ACG was performed between January and August 2017. All patients underwent vision, best corrected visual acuity(BCVA), intraocular pressure(IOP), and central anterior chamber depth(ACD)testing, with subsequent phacoemulsification and cataract extraction with IOL implantation. We used two IOL measurement formulas for prediction of postoperative refraction accuracy and compared the mean absolute refractive error(ME)of the two formulas. Results The differences in vision, BCVA, IOP, and ACD were statistically significant(all P<0.01). The ME using the SRK-T formula was significantly smaller than the ME using the Haigis formula(P<0.05). The AL was negatively correlated with the ME measured with the SRK-T formula and showed no significant correlation with the ME measured with the Haigis formula. Conclusion Simple phacoemulsification and cataract extraction with IOL implantation is effective for ACG. The SRK-T formula showed greater predictive accuracy in the ACG group.

Progress of transnasal endoscopic vidian neurectomy

LI Song, WANG Zonggui, YANG Jingpu, ZHANG Zhuping

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  72-76.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.312

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In the 1970s and early 1980s, vidian neurectomy was widely used for the treatment of intractable vasomotor rhinitis and refractory allergic rhinitis; however, it was gradually abandoned because of the serious complications associated with this procedure and the rise of nasal glucocorticoids and immunotherapy in the early 1990s. The developments in nasal endoscopy and internal medicine treatment have revealed the limitations of traditional vidian neurectomy, and the great advantages of transnasal endoscopic vidian neurectomy compared to traditional vidian neurectomy have also been elucidated; thus, an increasing number of surgeons have been performing transnasal endoscopic vidian neurectomy recently and many different operating methods have also been subsequently developed. This review focuses on the progress related to transnasal endoscopic vidian neurectomy in recent years.

Nasal endoscopy in the treatment of nasal mucosal hyperreactive rhinopathy

LI Chao, CAO Yonghua, ZHANG Yanting, CHENG Fengli, REN Jianjun, ZHAO Changqing

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  77-81.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.324

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Nasal mucosal hyperreactive rhinopathy mainly includes allergic rhinitis and vasomotor rhinitis. Symptoms of nasal mucosal hyperreactive rhinopathy can be controlled in most patients; however, they persist or recur in some patients. In recent years, some scholars have begun to treat nasal mucosal hyperreactive rhinopathy via nasal endoscopy, with good results. This article presents a review of the indications, methods, effects, evaluation standard, and complications of the treatment of nasal mucosal hyperreactive rhinopathy via nasal endoscopy.

Neurofibromatosis of the head and neck involving the mediastinum: two cases report

LÜ Dan, LI Mingxia, MA Lanzhi, ZHANG Xinyuan, XIAO Hao, CHEN Fei, LIU Jun, LI Zhen

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  82-86.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.294

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Primary squamous cell carcinoma of the parotid gland with recurrence and invasion of lateral skull base after radiotherapy and chemotherapy: one case report

LI Qiaoli, LI Chao, WANG Wei, CAI Yongcong, SUN Ronghao, ZHOU Yuqiu, SHUI Chunyan, HUANG Lu, TU Jing

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  87-88.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.330

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Small cell neuroendocrine carcinoma in the right nasal cavity: a report of one case and a literature review

CHEN Hong, CAO Huiling, DOU Xin, GAO Xia

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  89-92.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.300

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Esophageal perforation, cervical emphysema, and mediastinal emphysema resulting from esophageal tile foreign body: a case report and review of literature

LUO Zhengzheng, DU Baowen, XU Zhijian

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2018, 32(1):  93-96.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.401

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