Abstract: To study the anatomy of the thoracodorsal artery perforator flap (TDAPF) and explore its clinical application in reconstruction of head and neck defects. MethodsFive fresh cadavers were prepared, and morphosis and blood supply of TDAP flaps were examined by microsurgical anatomy. During dissections, the following parameters were recorded: number and type of perforators vessels, diameter of perforators, pedicle length, diameter of the original vessels, route (infra fascia and supra fascia),and their position were located by anatomical landmarks. ResultsThere were 44 TDAP flap perforators in all specimen with 54.5% from the lateral branch and 36.8% from the medial branch of the thoracodorsal artery. The lateral branch perforator was mostly located within 2?cm of the anterior border of the latissimus dorsi muscle. Mean pedicle length of the largest perforator was 12.41±2.84?cm. Average diameter of the infrascapular artery and the infrascapular vein was 3.59±0.62?mm and 3.75±0.41?mm, and that of the thoracodorsal artery and the thoracodorsal vein was 2.71±0.43 mm and 2.98±0.18 mm. ConclusionTDAP flaps are useful in reconstruction of head and neck defects because of their constant position, large caliber, and long pedicle.