JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY) ›› 2018, Vol. 32 ›› Issue (2): 25-29.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2018.086

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Risk factors associated with obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome in children: a retrospective case-control study

SHEN Ling, LIN Zongtong, LIN Xing, YANG Zhongjie   

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Fuzhou Childrens Hospital of Fujian Province, Fuzhou 350005, Fujian, China
  • Received:2018-02-06 Online:2018-03-20 Published:2018-03-20

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Abstract: Objective The aim of this study was to investigate the potential risk factors for pediatric obstructive sleep apnea-hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)and their possible synergistic effects. Methods Three hundred and twenty-one children with OSAHS diagnosed by polysomnography and a control group comprising 321 children matched for age and sex but without obstruction of the upper respiratory tract were enrolled between January 2016 and January 2017. The data from cases and controls were analyzed retrospectively. Results Multivariate logistic regression analysis showed that adenoid hypertrophy, tonsil hypertrophy, and chronic sinusitis were independent risk factors for pediatric OSAHS(P<0.05). The incidence of pediatric OSAHS was 3.229 78 times higher when chronic sinusitis was present than when it was not(P<0.001). When compared with grade Ⅰ tonsils, the ORs for grade Ⅱ, grade Ⅲ, and grade Ⅳ tonsils were 1.596 58(P=0.032 2), 2.306 52(P=0.000 8), and 4.430 85(P<0.001), respectively. When compared with grade Ⅰ adenoids, the ORs for grade Ⅱ, grade Ⅲ, and grade Ⅳ adenoids were 1.804 33(P=0.005 1), 2.883 38(P<0.001), and 3.220 91(P=0.000 2), respectively. Stratification analysis showed that the degree of adenoid hypertrophy was greater in patients with chronic sinusitis and was associated with a gradual increase in risk of OSAHS(P=0.004 1). Conclusion The causes of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in children are multifactorial. Adenoid hypertrophy, tonsil hypertrophy, and chronic sinusitis may be potential risk factors for pediatric OSAHS. Chronic sinusitis could act synergistically with hypertrophic adenoids to increase the risk of OSAHS.

Key words: Risk factors, Sleep apnea, obstructive, Case-control study, Interaction

CLC Number: 

  • R765.41
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