Abstract: Objective To explore the pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnostic basis, differential diagnosis, and treatment options for multicentric Castleman disease. Methods Clinical data of a child diagnosed with multicentric Castleman disease of the plasma cell type were retrospectively analyzed, and the relevant literature was summarized. Results Multicentric Castleman disease is characterized by unclear pathogenesis and often lacks typical clinical manifestations and pathological features, making its diagnosis extremely challenging. In this case, the child received treatment with rituximab static drops, supplemented with dexamethasone, antibiotics, and gamma globulin to control the nasal infection and exudation. Following 28 days of treatment, the systemic disease subsided significantly and the blood biochemical index gradually recovered. After 13 months, the child had recovered well with no adverse effects or sequelae. Conclusion Multicentric Castleman disease is a rare lymphoproliferative disease, with rare occurrence in the nasal region. The current treatment plans mainly focus on adults, with limited reporting on children. Personalized treatment measures still need to be developed for children. Rituximab is a safe and effective treatment option for children with challenging surgical resection and unfavorable treatment outcomes.

Key words: Castleman disease, Child, Eosinophil, Inflammatory factors, Rituximab