新生儿婴幼儿前庭功能发育和评估的研究进展

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1. 2020.068

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 听力损失的新生儿婴幼儿往往伴有前庭功能障碍,并且可能随着听力水平的降低逐渐加重,导致患儿出现运动发育延迟或运动发育不良,同时运动发育取决于前庭器官的功能,因此早期筛查前庭功能检测具有积极的预后相关性。但新生儿婴幼儿缺乏表达其症状的语言技能,一系列复杂的辅助检查可能引起眩晕和恶心等不适感,检查设备和检查环境也常常令他们感到不适,这些都使得新生儿婴幼儿的前庭评估极具挑战性。此外,新生儿婴幼儿的前庭、视觉和本体感觉系统的成熟度不同,前庭功能发育随着年龄的增长而变化,前庭功能定量测试的临床数据无法与成人参考标准范围进行比较。对不同年龄段的新生儿婴幼儿而言不是所有的前庭测试都是必要的,也不是所有的测试都合适,需要根据发育阶段作出调整。因此,根据不同的年龄和发育阶段对新生儿婴幼儿常见的前庭功能检查方法进行综述。

关键词: 前庭系统, 新生儿, 婴幼儿, 前庭功能检查, 发育, 评估

Abstract: Newborns and infants with hearing loss often suffer from vestibular dysfunction, which may aggravate with the gradual deterioration of hearing, resulting in delayed motor development or motor dysplasia. The motor development of newborns and infants depends on the function of the vestibular organs; thus, early vestibular function evaluation has positive prognostic significance. However, newborns and infants lack the language skills to fully express their symptoms. Furthermore, a series of complex vestibular function tests may cause them discomfort, such as vertigo and nausea, and the equipment and environment often scare them, which make vestibular assessment very challenging. Additionally, the structure and function of the vestibular, visual, and proprioceptive systems gradually mature with growth and development. Therefore, the clinical data of vestibular quantitative tests in different age groups cannot be compared with the standard reference range in adults. Hence, not all types of vestibular tests are necessary or appropriate in newborns and infants and should be adjusted according to the stage of development. In this study, we performed a literature review with focus on the common vestibular function tests according to the age and developmental stage of newborns and infants.

Key words: Vestibular system, Newborn, Infant, Vestibular function test, Development, Evaluation

中图分类号:

R764.34

孙夏雨,陈建勇, 段茂利,杨军. 新生儿婴幼儿前庭功能发育和评估的研究进展[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2020, 34(5): 82-88.

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