鼻内疫苗在鼻咽相关淋巴组织中的免疫机制及临床应用

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2024.499

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 鼻内疫苗通过作用于鼻咽相关淋巴组织诱导局部黏膜和系统性免疫反应,用于预防呼吸道感染性疾病,并展现出治疗脑部和自身免疫性疾病的潜力。鼻内疫苗结合新型佐剂和递送系统能显著提升抗原免疫原性,已在流感和新冠病毒等疾病预防中取得初步成果。而扁桃体类器官作为一种新兴的三维实验模型,能够精准模拟免疫微环境,为疫苗评估与设计优化提供了新工具。本文综述鼻内疫苗在临床应用中的研究进展,并分析新型佐剂、递送系统及扁桃体类器官在其优化中的作用,以期为未来鼻内疫苗的开发和应用提供理论支持。

Abstract: Intranasal vaccines are used to prevent respiratory infectious diseases by inducing local mucosal and systemic immune responses through action on nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissue and have demonstrated potential for the treatment of brain and autoimmune diseases. Intranasal vaccines combined with new adjuvants and delivery systems can significantly enhance antigen immunogenicity and have shown initial results in the prevention of diseases such as influenza and new coronaviruses. On the contrary, tonsil-like organs, as an emerging three-dimensional experimental model, can accurately mimic the immune microenvironment and provide new tools for vaccine evaluation and design optimization. This article reviews the progress of intranasal vaccine research in clinical applications and analyzes the role of novel adjuvants, delivery systems, and tonsil-like organs in their optimization, with the aim of providing theoretical support for the development and application of intranasal vaccines in the future.

Key words: Nasopharyngeal-related lymphoid tissue, Intranasal vaccine, Adjuvant, Drug delivery system, Tonsil organoids

中图分类号:

R392.3

符丽君,王海洋,王禹淇,邹宇豪,邹剑. 鼻内疫苗在鼻咽相关淋巴组织中的免疫机制及临床应用[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2025, 39(4): 93-99.

FU Lijun, WANG Haiyang, WANG Yuqi, ZOU Yuhao, ZOU Jian. Immune mechanism and clinical application of the intranasal vaccine in nasopharyngeal-associated lymphoid tissues[J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2025, 39(4): 93-99.

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