Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University ›› 2020, Vol. 34 ›› Issue (1): 93-98.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2019.534

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Advances in research on the trifoliate factor family in the middle ear respiratory mucosal epithelium

XU Ling1,SUN Yan2   

  1. 1. Medical College of Qingdao University, Qingdao 266071, Shandong, China;
    2. Department of Otolaryngology Head Neck Surgery, Affiliated Yantai Yuhuangding Hospital of Qingdao University, Yantai 264000, Shandong, China
  • Online:2020-01-20 Published:2020-03-06

PDF (PC)

197

Abstract: Trefoil factor family(TFF)is a protein polypeptide with one or more three-leaf factor domains, which is evolutionarily highly conserved. Three members of TFF(TFF1, TFF2, and TFF3)have been identified in mammals and are mainly synthesized in mucosal tissues, such as gastrointestinal and respiratory mucosa. They are expressed in goblet cells, ciliated epithelial cells, and submucosal glands in the respiratory tract, and match the expression pattern of mucin in the airway mucosa. The tympanic cavity of the middle ear is covered by a continuous upper layer of mucous membrane. The middle ear mucosa of the eustachian tube and the anterior and lower tympanum comprises respiratory epithelial cells. Therefore, TFF can be expressed in middle ear mucosal epithelial cells. TFF may play an important role in promoting the repair of injured middle ear mucosa, completing the protection of middle ear mucosa, as well as in the migration of middle ear mucosal epithelial cells and inflammatory responses. This review focuses on the current status of research on TFF, primarily in the context of respiratory mucosal epithelium in the middle ear, thus exploring new avenues for the study of occurrence and development of otitis media.

Key words: Trifoliate factor family, Respiratory mucosal epithelium, Otitis media, Mucosal repair, Epithelial migration, Protein polypeptide

CLC Number: 

  • R764
[1] Aihara E, Engevik KA, Montrose MH. Trefoil factor peptides and gastrointestinal function[J]. Annu Rev Physiol, 2017, 79: 357-380. doi:10.1146/annurev-physiol-021115-105447.
[2] 中华医学会耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学分会耳科学组, 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志编辑委员会耳科组. 中耳炎临床分类和手术分型指南(2012)[J]. 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2013, 48(1): 5. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860. 2013.01.003.
[3] Madsen J, Nielsen O, Torne I, et al. Tissue localization of human trefoil factors 1, 2, and 3[J]. J Histochem Cytochem, 2007, 55(5): 505-513. doi:10.1369/jhc.6A7100. 2007.
[4] Xiao P, Ling H, Lan G, et al. Trefoil factors: Gastrointestinal-specific proteins associated with gastric cancer[J]. Clin Chim Acta, 2015, 450: 127-134. doi:10.1016/j.cca. 2015.08.004.
[5] Wang XN, Wang SJ, Pandey V, et al. Trefoil factor 3 as a novel biomarker to distinguish between adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinoma[J]. Medicine(Baltimore), 2015, 94(20): e860. doi:10.1097/MD.0000000000000860.
[6] GUO J, SUN M, TENG X, et al. MicroRNA-7-5p regulates the expression of TFF3 in inflammatory bowel disease[J]. Mol Med Rep, 2017, 16( 2): 1200-1206.doi: 10.3892/mmr. 2017.6730.
[7] Choudhary A, Smitha CN, Suresh DK. Trefoils: An unexplored natural protective shield of oral cavity[J]. J Oral Biol CraniofacRes, 2015, 5( 3): 226-231. doi: 10.1016/j.jobcr. 2015.06.009.
[8] Wiede A, Jagla W, Welte T, et al. Localization of TFF3, a new mucus-associated peptide of the human respiratory tract[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 1999, 159(4Pt1): 1330-1335. doi:10.1164/ajrccm. 159.4.9804149.
[9] Hoffmann W, Jagla W. Cell type specific expression of secretory TFF peptides: colocalization with mucinsand synthesis in the brain[J]. Int Rev Cytol, 2002, 213: 147-181. doi:10.1016/s0074-7696(02)13014-2.
[10] Busch M, Dünker N. Trefoil factor family peptides: friends or foes?[J]. Biomol Concepts, 2015, 6(5/6): 343-359. doi:10.1515/bmc-2015-0020.
[11] 林勇, 陶玉坚, 孙思庆, 等. 肠三叶因子mRNA在慢性阻塞性肺疾病大鼠肺组织中的表达[J]. 中国病理生理杂志, 2004, 20(12): 2303-2306. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-4718. 2004.12.033. LIN Yong, TAO Yujian, SUN Siqing, et al. Expression of TFF3 mRNA in the lung tissue in COPD rats[J]. Chinese Journal of Pathophysiology, 2004, 20(12): 2303-2306. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1000-4718. 2004.12.033.
[12] You ML, Chen YJ, Chong QY, et al. Trefoil factor 3 mediation of oncogenicity and chemoresistance in hepatocellular carcinoma is AKT-BCL-2 dependent[J]. Oncotarget, 2017, 8(24): 39323-39344. doi:10.18632/oncotarget. 16950.
[13] Choi B, Lee HJ, Min JM, et al. Plasma expression of the intestinal metaplasia markers CDH17 and TFF3 in patients with gastric cancer[J]. Cancer Biomark, 2017, 19(3): 231-239. doi:10.3233/CBM-160147.
[14] Farrell JJ, Taupin D, Koh TJ, et al. TFF2/SP-deficient mice show decreased gastric proliferation, increased acid secretion, and increased susceptibility to NSAID injury[J]. J Clin Invest, 2002, 109(2): 193-204. doi:10.1172/JCI12529.
[15] Belovari T, Bijelic N, TolušicLevak M, et al. Trefoil factor family peptides TFF1 and TFF3 in the nervous tissues of developing mouse embryo[J]. Bosn J Basic Med Sci, 2015, 15(1): 33-37. doi:10.17305/bjbms. 2015.251.
[16] Sun Y, Zhu Y, Wang LX, et al. Recombinant adenovirus-mediated intestinal trefoil factor gene therapy for burn-induced intestinal mucosal injury[J]. PLoS One, 2013, 8(4): e62429. doi:10.1371/journal.pone. 0062429.
[17] Longman RJ, Douthwaite J, Sylvester PA, et al. Coordinated localisation of mucins and trefoil peptides in the ulcer associated cell lineage and the gastrointestinalmucosa[J]. Gut, 2000, 47(6): 792-800. doi:10.1136/gut. 47.6.792.
[18] Soutto M, Peng DF, Katsha A, et al. Activation of β-catenin signalling by TFF1 loss promotes cell proliferation and gastric tumorigenesis[J]. Gut, 2015, 64(7): 1028-1039. doi:10.1136/gutjnl-2014-307191.
[19] Wang WZ, Li Z, Wang JW, et al. A functional polymorphism in TFF1 promoter is associated with the risk and prognosis of gastric cancer[J]. Int J Cancer, 2018, 142(9): 1805-1816. doi:10.1002/ijc. 31197.
[20] Aihara E, Matthis AL, Karns RA, et al. Epithelial regeneration after gastric ulceration causes prolonged cell-type alterations[J]. Cell Mol GastroenterolHepatol, 2016, 2(5): 625-647. doi:10.1016/j.jcmgh. 2016.05.005.
[21] Chan MW, Chan VY, Leung WK, et al. Anti-sense trefoil factor family-3(intestinal trefoil factor)inhibits cell growth and induces chemosensitivity to adriamycin in human gastric cancer cells[J]. Life Sci, 2005, 76(22): 2581-2592. doi:10.1016/j.lfs. 2004.11.014.
[22] Khoury T, Chadha K, Javle M, et al. Expression of intestinal trefoil factor(TFF-3)in hepatocellular carcinoma[J]. Int J Gastrointest Cancer, 2005, 35(3): 171-177. doi:10.1385/IJGC:35:3:171.
[23] Taupin D, Wu DC, Jeon WK, et al. The trefoil gene family are coordinately expressed immediate-early genes: EGF receptor- and MAP kinase-dependent interregulation[J]. J Clin Invest, 1999, 103(9): R31-R38. doi:10.1172/JCI3304.
[24] Karakan T, Kerem M, Cindoruk M,et al. PPAR-alpha agonist treatment increases trefoil factor family-3 expression and attenuates apoptosis in the liver tissue of bile duct-ligated rats[J]. Turk J Gastroenterol, 2013,24(2): 134-140.
[25] Sun ZR, Liu HM, Yang ZZ, et al. Intestinal trefoil factor activates the PI3K/Akt signaling pathway to protect gastric mucosal epithelium from damage[J]. Int J Oncol, 2014, 45(3): 1123-1132. doi:10.3892/ijo. 2014.2527.
[26] Le Simple P, van Seuningen I, Buisine MP, et al. Trefoil factor family 3 peptide promotes human airway epithelial ciliated cell differentiation[J]. Am J Respir Cell MolBiol, 2007, 36(3): 296-303. doi:10.1165/rcmb. 2006-0270OC.
[27] Dhar DK, Wang TC, Tabara H, et al. Expression of trefoil factor family members correlates with patient prognosis and neoangiogenesis[J]. Clin Cancer Res, 2005, 11(18): 6472-6478. doi:10.1158/1078-0432. CCR-05-0671.
[28] Teng X, Xu LF, Zhou P, et al. Effects of trefoil peptide 3 on expression of TNF-alpha, TLR4, and NF-kappaB in trinitrobenzenesulphonic acid induced colitis mice[J]. Inflammation, 2009, 32(2): 120-129. doi:10.1007/s10753-009-9110-x.
[29] Shi L, Zhou PH, Xi JL, et al. Recombinant human trefoil factor 3 ameliorates bowel injury: its anti-inflammatory effect on experimental necrotizing enterocolitis[J]. Int J Pept, 2014, 2014: 634135. doi:10.1155/2014/634135.
[30] Loncar MB, Al-azzeh ED, Sommer PS, et al. Tumour necrosis factor alpha and nuclear factor kappaB inhibit transcription of human TFF3 encoding a gastrointestinal healing peptide[J]. Gut, 2003, 52(9): 1297-1303. doi:10.1136/gut. 52.9.1297.
[31] Gurr A, Stark T, Pearson M, et al. The ciliary beat frequency of middle ear mucosa in children with chronic secretory otitis media[J]. Eur Arch Otorhinolaryngol, 2009, 266(12): 1865-1870. doi:10.1007/s00405-009-0984-x.
[32] Hentzer E. Histologic studies of the normal mucosa in the middle ear, mastoid cavities and Eustachian tube[J]. Ann Otol Rhinol Laryngol, 1970, 79(4): 825-833. doi:10.1177/000348947007900414.
[33] 陈合新, 安连兵, 许庚. 正常豚鼠中耳黏膜扫描电镜观察[J]. 第一军医大学学报, 2001, 21(3): 187-189. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1673-4254. 2001.03.009. CHEN Hexin, ANLianbing, XU Geng. Morphological observation of middle ear mucosa with scanning electron microscope in guinea pigs[J]. Journal of First Military Medical Universtiy, 2001, 21(3): 187-189. doi:10.3321/j.issn:1673-4254. 2001.03.009.
[34] Graness A, Chwieralski CE, Reinhold D, et al. Protein kinase C and ERK activation are required for TFF-peptide-stimulated bronchial epithelial cell migration and tumor necrosis factor-alpha-induced interleukin-6(IL-6)and IL-8 secretion[J]. J Biol Chem, 2002, 277(21): 18440-18446. doi:10.1074/jbc. M200468200.
[35] Oertel M, Graness A, Thim L, et al. Trefoil factor family-peptides promote migration of human bronchial epithelial cells: synergistic effect with epidermal growth factor[J]. Am J Respir Cell Mol Biol, 2001, 25(4): 418-424. doi:10.1165/ajrcmb. 25.4.4429.
[36] May FEB,Westley BR. Expression of human intestinal trefoil factor in malignant cells and itsregulation by oestrogen in breast cancercells[J]. J Pathol, 1997, 182(4): 404-413. doi:10.1002/(sici)1096-9896(199708)182.
[37] Arnold P, Rickert U, Helmers AK, et al. Trefoil factor 3 shows anti-inflammatory effects on activated microglia[J]. Cell Tissue Res, 2016, 365(1): 3-11. doi:10.1007/s00441-016-2370-5.
[38] Nourani MR, Farajpour Z, Najafi A, et al. Trefoil factor family 1 is involved in airway remodeling of mustard lung[J]. Iran J Allergy Asthma Immunol, 2016, 15(4): 275-282.
[39] Manzanares D, Gonzalez C, Ivonnet P, et al. Functional apical large conductance, Ca2+-activated, and voltage-dependent K+ channels are required for maintenance of airway surface liquid volume[J]. J BiolChem, 2011, 286(22): 19830-19839. doi:10.1074/jbc.M110. 185074.
[40] Viby NE, Pedersen L, Lund TK, et al. Trefoil factor peptides in serum and sputum from subjects with asthma and COPD[J]. ClinRespir J, 2015, 9(3): 322-329. doi:10.1111/crj. 12146.
[41] Viby NE, Nex E, Kissow H, et al. Trefoil factors(TFFs)are increased in bronchioalveolar lavage fluid from patients with chronic obstructive lung disease(COPD)[J]. Peptides, 2015, 63: 90-95. doi:10.1016/j.peptides. 2014.09.026.
[42] 邹华, 宋颖, 刘翔, 等. 慢性鼻及鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉患者鼻窦黏膜中三叶因子3的表达[J]. 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科, 2012, 19(1): 39-42. doi:10.16066/j.1672-7002. 2012.01.016. ZOU Hua, SONG Ying, LIU Xiang, et al. Expression of TFF3 and its clinical significance in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps[J]. Chinese Archivesof Otolaryngology-Headand Neck Surgery, 2012, 19(1): 39-42. doi:10.16066/j.1672-7002. 2012.01.016.
[1] GAO Xinzhong, LING Zongtong, SHEN Ling, LIU Pingfang, LIN Xin, XU Yangyang. Analysis of the efficacy of balloon eustachian tuboplasty combined with adenoidectomy in the treatment of otitis media with effusion in children [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(1): 7-12.
[2] JIAO Xuemei, YANG Yang, LI Chunfeng, ZHANG Xiaolin. Effect of tympanic membrane insertion on the function of eustachian tube in children with secretory otitis media [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(1): 60-63.
[3] WU Hua, SUN Yongming, ZHENG Jianhua, CAI Xuehua. Application of endoscopic adenoids cryoablation combined with low-temperature plasma tympanostomy in the treatment of 55 children with adenoid hypertrophy and secretory otitis media [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2021, 35(2): 71-75.
[4] To analyze the possible causes of poor development of imaging in patients undergoing three-dimensional fluid-attenuated inversion recovery magnetic resonance imaging(3D-FLAIR MRI)after intratympanic gadolinium injection in our hospital in recent years and propose possible solutions. MethodsThis study enrolled a total of 356 patients and 706 ears between January 2017 and June 2020. All patients underwent 3D-FLAIR MRI through intratympanic gadolinium injection. The imaging was poorly developed for a total of 55 patients(70 ears). The possible causes of poor development were analyzed. ResultsPoor images was obtained in 70 ears, including 16 instances in which the signal was not as strong as normal, 14 that were not filled contiguously, and 40 that showed no contrast agent in the inner ear on imaging. A total of 39 ears had simple ipsilateral otitis media as revealed by imaging; among those with chronic otitis media or occult otitis media, 11 showed poor visualization(28.2%). Imaging was poor for four(12.5%)out of 32 ears with sinusitis. Among the three ears with both otitis media and sinusitis, imaging was poor for one ear(33.3%). Among the 632 ears without otitis media/sinusitis, imaging was poor for only 54 ears(8.5%). A statistically significant difference was observed between combined and non-combined otitis media, but not between those non-combined,combined rhinosinusitis, as sell as those conbined with otitis media and nasosinusitis. ConclusionWhen gadolinium is injected into the inner ear through the tympanum, though excluding a recent history of otitis media, chronic or occult otitis media may still be influencing factors for poor imaging development. The present article further discusses other possible influencing factors in each link of angiography and suggests avoiding them to improve the success rate of inner ear gadolinium angiography.. A preliminary study on the causes of poor development in three-dimensional magnetic resonance imaging via intratympanic gadolinium injection [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2020, 34(5): 61-66.
[5] Labyrinthitis is an infectious disease of the inner ear. Its main clinical manifestations are paroxysmal dizziness, vertigo, and sensorineural hearing loss. This article focuses on the otogenic bacterial labyrinthitis associated with otitis media. According to the pathological manifestations of the inner ear, labyrinthitis can be divided into three types: circumscribed labyrinthitis, serous labyrinthitis, and suppurative labyrinthitis. Circumscribed labyrinthitis, also known as labyrinth fistula, is often complicated by middle ear cholesteatoma, which usually occurs in the horizontal semicircular canal. Serous labyrinthitis is a sterile inflammation in the inner ear caused by bacterial toxins, which often leads to misdiagnosis and misjudgment. Suppurative labyrinthitis is a bacterial infectious inflammation that occurs in the inner ear that often causes severe sensorineural hearing loss and dizziness. At present, otogenic labyrinthitis is no longer rare, although it has not attracted enough attention. This article reviews the different types of otogenic bacterial labyrinthitis in a combination of domestic and foreign literature to provide clinical help for early diagnosis and treatment of patients with this condition.. The progress of otogenic bacterial labyrinthitis research [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2020, 34(5): 102-107.
[6] To investigate the effects of the sizes of adenoids and the types of torus tubarius on secretory otitis media in children. MethodsBetween March 2018 and June 2019, 120 children with secretory otitis media with complete diagnosis and treatment data in our department were allocated to the case group, and 120 normal children with corresponding physical examination data were allocated to the control group. Hearing and electronic nasopharyngoscopy were performed for the two groups of children to compare their adenoid sizes and torus tubarius types as well as analyze the association between the sizes of the adenoids and the degree of hearing loss in the case group. ResultsThe proportions of the Ⅲ-Ⅳ adenoid sizes and the Ⅱ-Ⅲ torus tubarius types were 77.5% and 77.5%, respectively, in the case group, which were higher than 37.5% and 46.7%, respectively, in the control group. The risk of disease was higher for the Ⅰ-Ⅱ adenoid sizes and the I torus tubarius type, and the differences were statistically significant(all P<0.05). The chi-squared test was performed to analyze the trends of the adenoid sizes and the torus tubarius types of the two groups, and the differences were also statistically significant(all P<0.05). However, there were no associations between the adenoid size and the torus tubarius type and hearing loss in the case group(r1= 0.135, r2 = 0.049, all P>0.05). ConclusionsAdenoid hypertrophy and the Ⅱ-Ⅲ torus tubarius types are risk factors for secretory otitis media in children. Routine examination and the evaluation of adenoids and the types of torus tubarius are helpful for early diagnosis of secretory otitis media in children.. Relationship between adenoid size and torus tubarius type and secretory otitis media in children [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2020, 34(5): 121-126.
[7] Xin CAO,Haijin YI,Xin LI,Jia XU,Juanjuan GAO. Secretory otitis media with sudden hearing loss: three cases′ report and a literature review [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2019, 33(5): 56-61.
[8] NI Jing, LEI Fei, BAI Dan, ZHOU Yun, MA Jianmei, HUANG Wei, WANG Chunyang. Expression of immunological markers in middle ear effusion in children with secretory otitis media [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2019, 33(4): 56-59.
[9] LIU Yan, WEI Ping, KOU Wei, HU Sijie, WU Xiaofang, LIU Mengya, CHEN Cheng, YAO Hongbing. Research of the relationship between adenoid hypertrophy and the common diseases of pediatric otolaryngology [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2019, 33(4): 149-154.
[10] ZHANG Haoliang, YU Feng, WU Yunwen. Analysis of treatment approaches for chronic suppurative otitis media with eustachian tube dysfunction [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2019, 33(2): 72-75.
[11] Qintai YANG. Paying attention to the 'lateral airway' allergic diseases in children [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2019, 33(1): 59-62.
[12] XIE Rilin, ZHANG Zhiping. Budesonide nasal drops in head extension position improve otitis media with effusion in children with adenoid hypertrophy: a case-study of 31 patients [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2018, 32(1): 65-67.
[13] MA Zhaoen, ZHAI Jinming, LIAO Libing, YANG Zhen. Short-term effect of eustachian tube balloon dilation in the treatment of chronic otitis media with effusion. [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2017, 31(5): 54-56.
[14] . A study of laser-assisted tympanostomy in the treatment of 20 cases of secretory otitis media. [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2017, 31(1): 85-87.
[15] DU Lijun, TONG Jun, CHEN Wenwen, DENG Yaxin, CAI Xunhua, SHAN Liang. Surgical experience of otitis media in patients with one hearing ear only. [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2016, 30(6): 8-10.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] YANG Changliang,HUANG Zhiwu,YAO Hangqi,ZHU Yong,SNU Yi . Study on auditory brainstem response[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2006, 20(1): 9 -13 .
[2] . [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2006, 20(1): 89 -89 .
[3] . [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2006, 20(1): 90 -91 .
[4] LIU Da-yu,PAN Xin-liang,LEI Da-peng,ZHANG Li-qiang,LUAN Xin-yong . Surgical treatment for medial wall pyriform sinus cancer[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2007, 21(1): 8 -11 .
[5] . [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2008, 22(2): 188 -188 .
[6] LIU Yan,LIU Xin-yi,WANG Jin-ping,LI Da-jian . Measurement of the posterior tympanum and its clinical significance [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2008, 22(3): 218 -221 .
[7] ZHAO Min,WANG Shou-sen,ZHEN Ze-nian,CHEN Xian-ming,WANG Mao-xin . Sphenoid sinus and trans-sphenoid surgery under nasal endoscopy and microscopy [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2008, 22(3): 244 -245 .
[8] . [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2008, 22(3): 252 -252 .
[9] WANG Hong-xia,WANG Peng-cheng . Expression of NSE,S100 and GFAP in retinoblastoma and its clinical significance[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2008, 22(3): 263 -264 .
[10] HUANG Fang,HUANG Hai-qiong,HUANG Jian-qiang,HE He-fan . Bronchoscopic video supervision system in infant bronchial foreign bodies[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2008, 22(3): 276 -277 .
Website Copyright: Editorial Office of Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University
Address: No.27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong, China. Post code: 250100 Tel: +86-0531-88366912 Email: ebhxb@sdu.edu.cn Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd