Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University

Precise minimally invasive cochlear implantation.

GAO Zhiqiang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 1-3. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.022

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Cochlear implantation in intractable cases.

GONG Shusheng, XIONG Wei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 4-9. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.034

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Cochlear implantation(CI)is the most effective method to improve hearing in individuals with severe-profound sensorineural hearing loss. In this article, we share our clinical experience of CI surgeries which were difficult to perform and presented with high risk, and difficult CI cases in which the clinical effect was unclear.

Preliminary study of cochlear implantation in elderly individuals with severe-profound sensorineural hearing loss.

LIU Jun, JI Fei, LI Wanxin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 10-15. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.035

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Deafness is one of the most common conditions affecting elderly individuals. Cochlear implantation(CI)is the most effective method to improve hearing and promote language rehabilitation among elderly individuals with severe-profound sensorineural hearing loss who cannot benefit from hearing aids. However, CI in elderly individuals is not as common as that in infants and children, and deafness in elderly individuals is unique in etiology, audiological findings, and hearing rehabilitation. This article discusses aspects of deafness in elderly individuals with respect to the following: incidence, common etiology, audiological features, indications for CI, current situation, effect of CI, and future perspectives.

Preoperative assessment of cochlear implantation.

WANG Qirong, YU Shudong, GU Lintao

Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University. 2017, 31(5): 16-18. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.060

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Cochlear implantation(CI)is the most effective method to improve hearing and promote language rehabilitation among individuals with severe-profound sensorineural hearing loss. An understanding of the indications for surgery, planning the surgical procedure, and promoting language rehabilitation, all depend on an accurate preoperative assessment. In this article, the audiological assessment; imaging evaluation; and patients mental and psychological characteristics, and family expectations and environment have been discussed.

Progress in bilateral cochlear implant research.

ZHANG Hanbing

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 19-22. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.032

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Cochlear implantation(CI)is currently the most effective treatment for profound sensorineural hearing loss. The first bilateral CIs were performed in the 1990 s. Despite the cost, surgical risk, patient expectation, and integration of bilateral equipment, bilateral CI has been widely accepted by patients and recommended by otologists. Compared with unilateral CI, bilateral CI can significantly enhance sound source positioning and minimize the head shadow effect. Hearing function and linguistic perception would be improved in quiet and noisy environments, potentially promoting linguistic and musical skill, and accelerating speech rehabilitation. Biauricular stimulation could also coordinate development of the acoustic pathway and cortex.

Relationship between neural response telemetry threshold and T-level behavior in patients with cochlear implants.

LUO Qiong, HUANG Yanyan, CHEN Zhengnong, FENG Yanmei, SHI Haibo

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 23-26. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.346

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Objective To explore the relationship between neural response telemetry(NRT)threshold and T-level behavior in patients with cochlear implants, and to explore how we can render NRT more useful for us to obtain the best map for patients with cochlear implants who may not cooperate well to obtain accurate T-level behavior. Methods Twenty children were implanted with the cochlear Nucleus CI24R system. At each mapping procedure, the NRT thresholds of electrodes 1, 11, and 20 based on the evoked responses were tested. The children had accepted a time for experience and training until they could cooperate well for testing and the T-level behavior could be used for mapping. The changes in the NRT threshold and the correlation between the NRT threshold and the T-level behavior at 12 and 24 months after switch-on were then compared. Results There was no significant difference in the NRT thresholds of electrodes 1 and 22 at 6 months, and there was a significant difference in the NRT threshold of electrode 11 at 6 months. There was no significant difference in the T-level behavior between the three pairs of electrodes at 1 and 2 years. The NRT threshold was compared with the T-level behavior after switch-on, and only electrode 22 exhibited a statistically significant difference, while the other two pairs of electrodes did not exhibit statistically significant differences. The 6-month NRT threshold was compared with the T-level behavior, and a significant difference was noted in electrode 1. The 6-month NRT thresholds of electrodes 11 and 22 and the 1-year T-level behavior was statistically significant, and the 2-year T-level behavior was not statistically significant. Conclusion The stability of the NRT threshold of each electrode is maintained from the time of initiation, and the correlation between NRT threshold and T-level behavior 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报31卷5期 -罗琼,等.人工耳蜗术后编程中神经反应遥测阈值及行为T值的比较分析 \=-indicates that children cannot cooperate initially to perform the behavior test. The NRT threshold can be used to refer to the cochlea. The 2-year T-level behavior also remained stable, indicating that children can better match the 1-year T-level behavior after testing, with the better children being appropriate to extend the debugging time.

Effect of cochlear implantation in combination with hearing aids on tone recognition.

FENG Lei, WU Danfeng

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 27-31. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.263

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Objective To investigate whether cochlear implantation(CI)in combination with hearing aids influences tone recognition and to discuss whether factors such as the cochlear boot time, rehabilitation training time, and learning abilities of deaf children influence tone recognition. Methods A total of 27 children aged 3-7 years were enrolled in this study. The verbal auditory response assessment of the enclosed tone test was used as testing material. Patients with CI alone and those with CI + hearing aids(CIHA)underwent examination in quiet or noisy environments, respectively. Results The voice test scores of the CIHA group were superior to those of the CI group, in both quiet and noisy environments, albeit more significant in the latter environment. The cochlear boot time, rehabilitation training time, and tone of voice were directly proportional to the test scores; deaf childrens learning abilities presented no relation with the voice test scores. Conclusion We propose that deaf children use optimized hearing aids after CI.

A preliminary study on the bilateral residual hearing after unilateral cochlear implants.

FU Ying, SUN Yongqiang, SONG Zhongyi, ZHANG Hanbing

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 31-37. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.033

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Objective To investigate the influence of unilateral cochlear implantation on bilateral residual hearing. Methods A total of 29 children with severe to profound hearing loss participated in this study and were divided into two groups on the basis of pre-implantation computed tomography findings: Group A, with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome, and Group B, without large vestibular aqueduct syndrome. Pure tone audiometry and behavioral audiometry were performed pre- and post-operatively. Thresholds at 250; 500; 1 000; and 2 000 Hz were analyzed. Results Bilateral residual hearing,mainly in the low frequency region, was observed at different frequencies before and after cochlear implantation. The retention rate was decreased with the increase of frequency, and the retention rate at 2000Hz was significantly lower than that of the other frequencies. The pre-operative retention rate was statistically significant with the post-operative retention rate, but the post-operative retention rate of each time node had no statistically significant difference(Wald χ2=3.384, P=0.336), the residual hearing retention rate in each time node in the implanted ear and the non-implanted ear was statistically significant(Wald χ2=0.031, P=0.002), and there was no significant difference in residual hearing between Groups A and B. Conclusion Partial residual hearing may be preserved after cochlear implantation in pediatric patients with severe to profound hearing loss. Residual hearing at lower frequencies was less affected than that at higher frequencies. After a prolonged period following cochlear implantation, residual hearing remains relatively stable. Unilateral implantation had little effect on residual hearing in the non-implanted ear. Residual hearing in children with large vestibular aqueduct syndrome can fluctuate in the short term after cochlear implantation.

Discussion on MRI in cochlear implantation recipients.

WANG Haixia, ZHENG Jinxiu, CHEN Xi

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 38-40. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.218

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Long-term low intensity noise exposure reduce the number of ribbon synapses in guinea pigs.

SONG Feng, GAN Bin, XU Anting, WANG Jian

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 41-44. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.204

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Objective To observe the possible loss and recovery of ribbon synapses in the cochlea of guinea pigs repeatedly exposed to low-intensity noise. Methods Guinea pigs were exposed to 95 dB sound pressure level of white noise for 4 hours per day, continuously for 7 days. The animals were then divided into three groups, and respectively named group 1DPN(1 day post-noise), 1WPN(1 week post-noise), and 1MPN(1 month post-noise), with each group containing 10 guinea pigs. Audiological examinations(auditory brainstem response)and immunofluorescence staining were performed,and the number of ribbon synapses were counted by observing double staining results of C-terminal-binding protein 2 and postsynaptic density protein 95 labeling. Results After long-term low-intensity noise exposure, the auditory brainstem responsethreshold of group 1DPN significantly increased(P<0.05)compared to the control group. No apparent changes in hair cell shape, arrangement, or number were observed, but the number of ribbon synapses was statistically significant(P<0.05). With the extension of time after leaving the noisy environment, the ABR threshold and number of synapses recovered gradually. Conclusion Repeated exposure to long-term, low-intensity noise can cause hearing loss, which is reversible after leaving the noisy environment. Reduction in the number of inner hair cell ribbon synapses caused by long-term low-intensity noise exposure can restore partially while in a noise-free environment.

A next-generation sequencing gene panel for molecular diagnosis in twelve Chinese families with non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss.

SUN Feifei, HU Songqun, TANG Yan, ZHANG Jie, WU Di, QIU Jinhong, WANG Zhixia, ZHANG Luping

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 45-49. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.351

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Objective To investigate the clinical characteristics and genetic etiology of non-syndromic deafness in twelve Chinese families. Methods Detailed medical and audiological examinations, as well as a computed tomography scan of the temporal bone, were performed. Genomic DNA was also extracted from the peripheral blood samples obtained from the family members. Targeted next-generation sequencing(NGS)for deafness-related genes was used to identify the mutation in the probands in the 12 families. The results were confirmed using Sanger sequencing. Results All probands exhibited different degrees of non-syndromic sensorineural hearing loss. GJB2 mutations were identified in seven families. The mutations included c.235delC/c.235delC, c.235delC/c.176del16, c.235delC/c.299delAT, c.235delC/c.511_512insAACG, c.235delC/c.605ins46, c.235delC/c.109G>A, and c.109G>A/c.109G>A. Bi-allelic mutations of SLC26A4 were identified in 2 families. The mutations included c.589G>A/c.1975G>C;c.919-2A>G/c.-2071_307+3801del7666. Co-segregation of mutations and deafness was confirmed within each family using Sanger sequencing. No pathogenic mutations within known deafness genes were identified in families 10, 11, and 12. Conclusion Different combinations of mutations of GJB2 and/or SLC26A4 lead to different hearing impairment phenotypes. This study also confirmed that the targeted NGS technique is an efficient genetic test.

Effect of tinnitus treatment instrument combined with Ginkgo biloba extract on hearing and hemorheology in patients with sudden deafness and tinnitus.

ZHANG Yubo, YUE Liyan, YIN Xiaoyan, LÜ Zhe, SHAN Chunguang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 50-53. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.243

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Objective To observe the effect of a tinnitus treatment instrument combined with Ginkgo biloba extract injection on sudden deafness and tinnitus. Methods A total of 108 patients with sudden deafness and tinnitus were randomly divided into observation and control groups using the random number table, 54 assigned to each group. Control group was treated with ginkgo biloba extract injection, and observation group was additionally treated with tinnitus treatment instrument. The total effective rate of hearing, the total effective rate of tinnitus, the hearing threshold, and the hemorheology index before and after treatment were compared between the two groups. Results The total effective rate of hearing and the total effective rate of tinnitus after treatment in the observation group were 88.89% and 81.48% respectively, which were 66.67% and 61.11% in the control group. The auditory thresholds at 1 week, 2 weeks, and 4 weeks after treatment in the observation group were(48.67±5.20 )dB,(37.22±4.17 )dB, and(29.54±3.68)dB respectively, which were lower than those measured pre-treatment and those measured in the control group. The high shear viscosity, whole blood viscosity, whole blood low shear viscosity, plasma viscosity, and erythrocyte aggregation index in the observation group were lower than those measured pre-treatment and those measured in the control group, the red blood cell deformation index was higher than that of the pre-treatment and the control group. Conclusion Tinnitus treatment instrument combined with ginkgo biloba extract injection can effectively improve sudden deafness in patients with hemorheology, improve patient hearing, and provide relief from symptoms of tinnitus.

Short-term effect of eustachian tube balloon dilation in the treatment of chronic otitis media with effusion.

MA Zhaoen, ZHAI Jinming, LIAO Libing, YANG Zhen

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 54-56. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.137

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Objective To explore the short-term efficacy of eustachian tube balloon dilation combined with tympanostomy tube insertion for the treatment of chronic otitis media with effusion. Methods A total of 19 cases(21 ears)of chronic otitis media with effusion were treated with eustachian tube balloon dilation combined with tympanostomy tube insertion from August 2014 to December 2016. The short-term curative effect was assessed using pure tone average(PTA), air-bone gap(ABG), acoustic impedance, ear endoscopy, temporal CT scan, and subjective satisfaction visual analog scale scores. Results Surgery was successfully completed in all 19 patients under general anesthesia. Six months later, patients whose tube was not self-shedding underwent tube removal. Postoperatively, mean PTA decreased from 59.5±21.5 dBHL to 52.0±31.0 dBHL(t=3.409, P=0.005)and mean ABG decreased from 35.5±17.5 dBHL to 21.0±16.0 dBHL(t=2.957, P=0.011). 76.19% of the patients had their acoustic impedance tympanogram changed to type A postoperatively. Three patients(five ears)had no improvement in hearing or symptoms: two patients(four ears)had ongoing tympanic cavity effusion, and one patient(one ear)had recurrence three weeks after the catheter was removed and required placement of a second tube. Mean improvement in visual analog scale score was 6.17±1.16 points. Conclusion Eustachian tube balloon dilation in combination with tympanostomy tube insertion has a good short-term effect in the treatment of chronic otitis media with effusion.

Clinical characteristics and short-term outcomes of traumatic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo.

JU Jun, LI Jinrang, ZOU Shizhen, JIA Manyu

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 57-61. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.066

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Objective To determine whether there is a statistically significant difference in clinical characteristics and outcomes between idiopathic and traumatic benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(i-BPPV and t-BPPV, respectively). Methods A retrospective study including 307 i-BPPV and 25 t-BPPV patients between July 2014 and September 2016 was conducted. Data regarding sex, age, and clinical symptoms including, nausea, vomiting, tinnitus, and hearing loss were collected. Laterality of the vertigo, affected part of the semicircular canal, and short-term outcomes were evaluated. Results No statistical difference was found between the two groups in terms of sex, age, complications, and the side involved(P>0.05). Short-term outcomes of t-BPPV were poor(P<0.001). The prevalence of anterior semicircular canal involvement was higher in t-BPPV(P=0.024). Conclusion Short-term outcomes in t-BPPV were significantly worse than those associated with i-BPPV. Appropriate diagnosis and treatment of anterior semicircular canal BPPV is more important in t-BPPV patients.

Clinical characteristics and treatment of external auditory canal cholesteatoma.

WANG Dengyuan, CHEN Zhibin, CHEN Ruoxi, ZHAO Xiaonian, LIU Cheng

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 62-66. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.237

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Objectives To identify the clinical characteristics of and assess the therapeutic options for external auditory canal cholesteatoma(EACC). Methods The clinical data of 47 cases of external auditory canal cholesteatoma operated at our hospital from January 2015 to December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Results All patients underwent pre-operative audiometry, otoendoscopy, and computed tomography(CT)imaging of the temporal bones. All patients presented with an external ear canal full of yellow-white squamous material or granulation tissue. Aural fullness, otalgia, and purulent otorrhea were the commonly reported symptoms. Bony erosions were noted in 41 patients on CT. The staging according to Holt disclosed that 6 patients had stage Ⅰ EACC, 29 had stage Ⅱ, and 12 had stage Ⅲ. The six patients diagnosed as having stage Ⅰ EACC and 5 teenagers diagnosed as having stage Ⅱ EACC were treated by cholesteatectomy and/or resecting granulation tissue from the external auditory canal. The 24 adults diagnosed as having stage Ⅱ EACC were treated with combined cholesteatectomy and canaloplasty. Nine of 12 patients diagnosed as having stage III EACC were managed via modified radical mastoidectomy and/or tympanoplasty, and 3 patients were treated with radical mastoidectomy. All patients had dry ear at 2 weeks, which completely epithelialized in 3 months post-surgery. The hearing loss showed partial recovery in most patients except in the three patients who underwent radical mastoidectomy. The patients were followed up from 3 to 24 months, and no recurrence was observed. Conclusion EACC could be misdiagnosed. Bone erosion is the most important characteristic of EACC. A CT scan of the temporal bone is useful for staging and surgical planning. The surgical procedures are selected according to the disease stage, age, and hearing level. Complete removal of cholesteatoma and adequately opening the auditory canal are crucial for prevention of recurrence.

Comparison of the efficacy of coblation, ultrasonic knife operation, and conventional tonsillectomy in a 2-year postoperative follow-up.

ZHANG Liqing, SONG Shenghua, WANG Yuan, LIU Xiaojing, DONG Weida, ZHOU Han

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 67-71. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.181

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Objective To study the efficacy of coblation, ultrasonic knife operation, and conventional tonsillectomy in patients in a 2-year postoperative follow-up. Methods With respect to the above-mentioned three types of operation methods, 86 patients were followed up for 6 months, 1 year, and 2 years after tonsillectomy, respectively. The postoperative tonsil residue size and mucosal inflammation, pharyngeal symptoms by assessing self-made questionnaire responses, and satisfaction information were evaluated. Result Upon 1- and 2-year postoperative follow-ups, the “superior pole of the tonsil residue” scores in the coblation and conventional groups were significantly lower than those in the ultrasonic knife operation group; and “pole of the tonsil residue” scores in the coblation and ultrasonic knife operation groups were also significantly lower than those in the conventional group. Upon 6-month postoperative follow-up, the scores of “dry pharynx” in the coblation and ultrasonic knife operation groups were more statistically significant than those in the conventional group. Upon 2-year postoperative follow-up, “satisfaction of information” scores in the coblation and ultrasonic knife groups were significantly higher than those in the conventional group, and “paresthesia pharynges” scores in the conventional group were more significant than those in the other groups. In addition, there were no significant differences among the three groups in the incidence rates of dry pharynx, mucosal inflammation, pharyngeal symptoms, sore throat, and lower respiratory tract infections upon 1- and 2-year postoperative follow-ups(P>0.05). Conclusion Compared with traditional methods, coblation has advantages related to a low incidence of postoperative tonsillar residue. By using coblation, postoperative dry pharynx symptoms are more likely to occur in a short time, throat discomfort symptoms are mild in the mid- to long-term, and the degree of patient satisfaction is high. Ultrasonic knife operations have similar advantages as coblation, but surgeons should pay more attention to the superior poles of the tonsils during operation and prevent tonsil residues.

Investigation of chemosensitization induced by nitric oxide on nasopharyngeal carcinoma CNE-2 cells.

ZHANG Caixia, LIU Yangyun, JIANG Wen, LIU Gengxun, CAO Hang, CHEN Qiong, ZHANG Jishuai

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 72-78. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.297

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Objective To investigate whether exogenous nitric oxide(NO)could increase chemosensitization to cisplatin(DDP)in CNE2 cells, and to provide an experimental and theoretical basis for improving the effectiveness of chemotherapy for nasopharyngeal carcinoma. Methods CNE-2 cells were treated with various concentrations of sodium nitroprusside(SNP), DDP, and both chemicals. The nitrate reductase method was used to detect the concentration of NO. Morphological changes of cells were observed using an inverted phase contrast microscope and CCK8 assays were used to examine the viability of cells. Flow cytometry was applied to detect apoptosis in NPC cells. Results (1)The concentration of NO was positively correlated with the concentration of SNP, and this correlation was statistically significant(r=0.968, P<0.05).(2)Compared with the CNE-2 cells in the SNP group, DDP group, and control group, the CNE-2 cells in the DDP+SNP group showed more extensive morphological changes.(3)The inhibitory effects of SNP+DDP were significantly greater than those of SNP or DDP alone(P<0.05).(4)Compared with the groups treated with SNP or DDP individually, flow cytometry showed that the apoptosis rate of CNE-2 cells was significantly higher in the group treated with both SNP and DDP(P<0.05). Conclusion Exogenous NO can inhibit CNE-2 proliferation, and the inhibitory effect was positively correlated with the concentration of NO. The proper concentration of exogenous NO can significantly enhance the chemosensitivity of CNE-2 cells to DDP, without substantial toxicity.

Effects of miR-150 targeted to Nanog on proliferation and invasion of nasopharyngeal carcinoma side population cells.

ZHOU Yibo, GONG Xiaorong, YU Feng

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 79-84. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.321

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Objective To detect the level of miR-150 in side population(SP)and non-side population(NSP)cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma and to investigate whether miR-150 promoted proliferation and invasion via the Nanog gene. Method miR-150 and Nanog were detected by qRT-PCR in two cell types. An miR-150 inhibitor and miR-150 mimic were used to reduce and upregulate the level of miR-150, respectively, and CCK-8 and Transwell assays were performed to detect cell proliferation and invasion; the change in Nanog was measured by qRT-PCR and western blot analysis. A t-test for independent samples was used to analyze the data. Results The miR-150 level in SP cells(0.99±0.05)was significantly higher than that in NSP cells(0.59±0.02, t=8.06, P<0.000 1)and the level of Nanog in SP cells(0.99±0.47)was significantly higher than that in NSP cells(0.49±0.05, t=7.5, P<0.000 1). The CCK-8 and Transwell assays showed that MiR-150 inhibited proliferation and invasion(114.40±5.14 vs 57.30±4.29, t=8.5, P<0.000 1); western blotting showed that the reduction in MiR-150 decreased the protein expression of Nanog in SP cells(1.01±0.07 vs 0.46±0.03, t=6.85, P=0.000 5). In contrast, the miR-150 mimic group showed significant upregulation of Nanog in NSP cells(0.48±0.04 vs 1.01±0.06, t=6.16, P=0.000 8). Conclusion miR-150 and Nanog were highly expressed in SP cells of nasopharyngeal carcinoma; additionally, miR-150 promoted proliferation and invasion through upregulation of the Nanog gene in nasopharyngeal carcinoma.

The effect of general anesthesia on postoperative cognitive function in patients with simple snoring.

GENG Cong, ZHANG Liwei, DING Ming

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 85-88. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.187

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Objective To assess the correlation between serum S100β protein and serum neuron-specific enolase(NSE)levels before and after general anesthesia in patients with simple snoring(SS)and investigate the effect of general anesthesia on the cognitive function of these patients before and after an operation. Methods Patients undergoing selective arthroscopy surgery under general anesthesia were divided into the SS(AHI<5, n1=30)and normal sleep(n2=30)groups. Pre- and post-operatively, the cognitive function was evaluated using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment(Mo CA)test and the changes in serum S100β and NSE levels were analyzed in the two groups. Results Compared to the preoperative levels, serum S100β and NSE levels in both groups significantly increased at the end of and 6 h and 12 h after surgery(P<0.05). Compared to that of the normal sleep group, there was no significant difference in the Mo CA scores in the SS group(P>0.05). However, levels of serum S100β were different preoperatively and at the end of and 6 h after surgery(P>0.05). NSE levels increased at the end of and 6 h and 12 h after surgery(P>0.05). Conclusion Patients with simple snoring after general anesthesia had impaired cognitive function, but the extent of cognitive impairment was was only reflected by serological changes.

Value of parathyroid hormone levels on postoperative day 1 for predicting parathyroid function after total thyroidectomy.

HUANG Tianqiao, JIANG Xiaodan, CHE Fei, HUANG Yichuan, SUN Yan, ZHANG Niankai, LI Shenling, CHEN Zhijun, LI Wei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 89-91. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.336

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Objective To explore whether parathyroid hormone(PTH)levels on postoperative day 1 can predict the recovery of parathyroid function by determining the PTH levels on postoperative days 1, 3, and 30 in patients who underwent total thyroidectomy. Methods The clinical data of 68 patients treated with total thyroidectomy between September 2014 and December 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. The PTH levels were determined on postoperative days 1, 3, and 30. The patients were then divided into three groups on the basis of PTH levels on postoperative day 1: Group A, PTH<5 pg/mL; Group B, 5 pg/mL≤PTH<10 pg/mL; and Group C, PTH≥10 pg/mL. Results Higher PTH levels on postoperative day 1 correlated with lower incidence rates of low parathyroid function. On postoperative day 3, there was a difference between Groups A and C, and Groups B and C. Again, on postoperative day 30, there was a difference between Groups B and C. Conclusion If PTH levels on postoperative day 1 are less than 5 pg/mL, it is difficult to recover normal levels and hypocalcemia will occur within 30 days. However, if PTH levels on postoperative day 1 are ≥10 pg/mL, it is easier to recover normal levels.

Clinical observation of 25-gauge minimally invasive vitreous retinal surgery for treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment.

ZHOU Xueyi, LI Yiming, WANG Meiju, ZHANG Yuanyuan, ZHANG Lizhuo

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 92-94. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.024

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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of 25-gauge minimally invasive vitrectomy for treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment. Methods This was a retrospective analysis of 52 patients with retinal detachment treated in our hospital. Patients were divided into treatment and control groups(n=26 each). The treatment group was treated with 25+ minimally invasive vitrectomy, and the control group was treated with 23G minimally invasive vitrectomy. The two groups were followed up for at least 3 months. The following parameters were evaluated: duration of the procedure, postoperative visual acuity, intraocular pressure, complications, and retinal restoration. Results The duration of the procedure in the treatment group was significantly shorter than that in the control group(P<0.05). Three and seven days following the operation, the intraocular pressure in both groups increased significantly. The postoperative logarithm of the minimum angle of resolution(LogMAR)visual acuity was significantly lower than the preoperative value(P<0.05). The incidence rate of complications in the treatment group was 15.38%, which was significantly lower than that in the control group(42.31%; P<0.05). The incidence rate of intraocular hypotension in the treatment group(3.85%)was significantly lower than that in the control group(30.77%)(P<0.05). There were no statistically significant differences in the retinal replacement rates between the treatment and control groups(92.31% and 88.46%, respectively; P>0.05). Conclusion Both 25-gauge and 23G minimally invasive vitrectomy have similar effectiveness in the treatment of rhegmatogenous retinal detachment, but the former is safer and is associated with a lower risk of postoperative complications and intraocular hypotension.

A comparative analysis of harmonic scalpel tonsillectomy and coblation tonsillectomy.

ZHANG Jie, CHEN Xuemei, XU Anting

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 95-100. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.278

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Objective To compare the efficacy, safety, and feasibility of harmonic scalpel and coblation tonsillectomy procedures. Methods A search for randomized controlled trials of harmonic scalpel tonsillectomy and plasma tonsillectomy was carried out in the CNKI, CBM, Wanfang, and Pubmed databases. The retrieved literature was evaluated and RevMan 5.3 software was used for Meta-analysis of the intra- and post-operative findings of the two kinds of surgical techniques. Results A total of 8 studies involving 722 patients were included. Meta-analysis showed that compared to plasma tonsillectomy, harmonic scalpel tonsillectomy had a reduced postoperative bleeding rate ［SMD=0.30, 95%CI(0.15, 0.60), P=0.000 7］. The operation time, intraoperative bleeding, albuginea shedding time after the operation, and postoperative pain score were not significantly different between the two groups. Conclusion Harmonic scalpel tonsillectomy can significantly reduce the postoperative bleeding rate and improve postoperative quality of life.

Evolution of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and treatment of noise-induced hearing loss.

ZHANG Zhuan, LIU Tao, BAI Zhili, ZHOU Changming

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 101-103. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.185

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Noise-induced hearing loss(NIHL)is a common professional disease. With the improvement in-depth study of recent advances in medicine. The pathogenesis of the disease has been studied from various aspects including the level of molecular and genetic organization, theory of machinery, metabolic theory, theory of blood vessels, imbalance of calcium ions, lack of nerve factors, potassium ion cycle, etc. This paper reviews the role of oxidative stress in the pathogenesis and treatment of NIHL.

Granular cell tumor in the larynx: a report of four cases and a literature review.

PAN Yongjie, SUN Guochen, ZANG Chuanshan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 104-106. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.287

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Behcets disease misdiagnosed as acute epiglottitis: a report of two cases.

SUN Shasha, QIU Jie, ZANG Chuanshan, SUN Yan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 107-109. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.255

Abstract ( 1431 )

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Extramedullary relapse and infiltration of the mastoid in acute myelogenous leukemia: a report of one case

LIU Jie, ZHANG Xiaoheng, JIANG Yan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 110-110. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.198

Abstract ( 1239 )

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The application of standardized patients in case-based learning of otolaryngology.

LI Chao, YAN Yujang, ZHANG Qinyue, CHEN Xia, CAO Yonghua

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(5): 111-114. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.150

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