Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University ›› 2026, Vol. 40 ›› Issue (3): 47-54.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2025.393

• Original Article • Previous Articles     Next Articles

Association and lag effects of environmental meteorological factors on epistaxis in minors by sex

LIU Di1, XIE Yingheng1,2, ZHU Bin1, MA Lin1,3, GUAN Bing1, WANG Ying1, CAO Qing1, JIAO Cheng1, YAN Qi1, SUN Haiyong1, MA Wei1,2,3   

  1. 1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital Affiliated to Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China3. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery, Yangzhou Clinical Medical College of Xuzhou Medical University, Yangzhou 225001, Jiangsu, China
  • Published:2026-05-22

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Abstract: Objective To investigate the sex-specific associations and lag effects between environmental meteorological factors and epistaxis incidence in minors, providing evidence for targeted prevention strategies. Methods A retrospective analysis was conducted on minors with epistaxis who visited the outpatient and emergency departments of Northern Jiangsu People's Hospital from January 1, 2015 to December 31, 2023. Data on daily air pollutant concentrations and meteorological variables during the same period were collected. The Mann-Whitney U test was used to compare incidence-related indicators between sexes. Spearman's rank correlation and a lag model(L0-L7)were employed to evaluate the correlations and lag effects between daily epistaxis cases and environmental meteorological factors stratified by sex, with significance levels adjusted using the Bonferroni method. Fisher's Z transformation was applied to compare correlation coefficients between male and female groups. Results A total of 18,280 patients were included, comprising 12,000 males(65.65%)and 6,280 females(34.35%). The incidence was significantly higher in males than in females(P<0.001), with both sexes showing a peak in summer. Daily epistaxis cases were strongly positively correlated with O3 mass concentration and mean temperature, with lag effects persisting to L7; the differences in correlation coefficients between sexes were statistically significant(P<0.05). Sex differences were observed in the lag effects of PM2.5, PM10, and CO, with males exhibiting higher correlation coefficients for most pollutants. Temperature difference was positively correlated with case numbers, peaking at L2, and was higher in females on the day of onset(P<0.05). After Bonferroni correction, NO2 and SO2 showed no significant correlations(P>0.05), and the effect of wind speed was limited. Conclusion Epistaxis in minors exhibits significant sex differences and a summer peak. The associations and lag effects between epistaxis and environmental meteorological factors are sex-specific, which should be considered when formulating prevention strategies.

Key words: Minors, Epistaxis, Sex, Environmental meteorological factors, Lag effect

CLC Number: 

  • R765.23
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