山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报 ›› 2015, Vol. 29 ›› Issue (4): 7-10.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2014.386

• 论著 • 上一篇    下一篇

早产儿听力筛查结果及其听力障碍危险因素

王国强1, 赵春红1, 霍红1, 龚志云1, 宋伟伟1, 严丽霞2, 李雪华2, 王伟丽2   

  1. 1. 漯河市第二人民医院耳鼻咽喉科, 河南 漯河 462000;
    2. 漯河市儿童医院听力中心, 河南 漯河 462000
  • 收稿日期:2014-12-02 修回日期:2015-04-07 出版日期:2015-08-16 发布日期:2015-08-16
  • 作者简介:王国强。E-mail:Wangguoqiang@163.com

Hearing screening and risk factors of hearing impairment in premature infants.

WANG Guoqiang1, ZHAO Chunhong1, HUO Hong1, GONG Zhiyun1, SONG Weiwei1, YAN Lixia2, LI Xuehua2, WANG Weili2   

  1. 1. Department of Otolaryngology, The Second People's Hospital of Luohe City in Henan Province, Luohe 462000, Henan, China;
    2. Hearing Center of Children's Hospital in Luohe City, Luohe 462000, Henan, China
  • Received:2014-12-02 Revised:2015-04-07 Online:2015-08-16 Published:2015-08-16

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摘要： 目的 分析新生儿重症监护中心(NICU)中早产儿的听力筛查结果, 探讨导致早产儿听力障碍的高危因素。方法 回顾性分析821 例不同胎龄早产儿的一般资料及听力筛查数据, 对听力筛查未通过的危险因素加以总结。结果 821 例中听力初筛未通过率61.0%, 复筛未通过率为 16.0%, 出生后 3 个月自动听性脑干反应(AABR)总未通过率为 9.4%。初筛、复筛及AABR检查未通过率及听力障碍程度随胎龄的增大呈依次降低的趋势。多因素Logistic 回归分析表明, 极低出生体质量、高胆红素血症、感染和窒息是听力初筛和复筛听力障碍的危险因素, 胎龄 > 32 周为听力初筛听力障碍的保护因素(OR=0.499, P=0.022), 极低出生体质量为听力复筛听力障碍独立危险因素(OR=2.385, P=0.038)。结论 早产儿由于机体各组织器官发育不成熟, 听力障碍高发, 胎龄越小听力损伤发生危险性越高, 听力障碍与出生体质量、高胆红素血症、感染和窒息有关, 应该对早产儿听力进行早期监测并及时随访。

关键词: 听力障碍, 听力筛查, 新生儿重症监护中心, 危险因素, 早产儿

Abstract: Objective To investigate the risk factors of hearing impairment by analyzing the results of hearing screening in the premature infants in the neonatal intensive care unit. Methods A total of 821 premature infants, admitted to the neonatal intensive care unit form January 2010 to December 2013, were screened for hearing functions. The risk factors for no passing in the screenings were analyzed. Results The failure rates in initial and secondary screening were 61.0% and 16.0%, respectively. The failure rate was 9.4% in the automatic auditory brainstem response (AABR) test conducted at three months after birth. With the growth of gestational age, pass rate increased and degree of hearing disorders decreased in the mean time. Logistic regression analysis showed that very low birth weight, hyperbilirubinemia, infection and suffocation were risk factors for hearing, while, gestational age > 32 weeks was protective factor (OR=0.499, P=0.022). Low birth weight was independent risk factor for hearing screening and hearing impairment (OR=2.385, P=0.038). Conclusion Due to immature development, premature babies suffer from high incidence of hearing loss. The smaller the gestational age is, more commonly hearing damages occur. Low birth weight, hyperbilirubinemia, infections are risk factors for hearing impairment. Early detection and timely follow-up are neccessary.

Key words: Neonatal intensive care center, Premature infant, Risk factor, Hearing screening, Hearing impairment

中图分类号: 

  • R764.4
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