山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报 ›› 2019, Vol. 33 ›› Issue (6): 45-48.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2019.184

• 论著 • 上一篇    

南京地区耳聋患者常见耳聋基因突变的分析

徐丽娜1,高艳慧2,何双八2   

  1. 1.南京市浦口医院耳鼻咽喉科, 江苏 南京 210031;
    2.东南大学医学院附属南京同仁医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科, 江苏 南京 211102
  • 发布日期:2019-12-23
  • 基金资助:
    江宁区科技发展计划项目(2017Db07)

Analysis of common deafness genes for hearing loss in Nanjing

XU Lina1, GAO Yanhui2, HE Shuangba2   

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, Nanjing Tongren Hospital, School of Medicine, Southeast University, Nanjing 211102, Jiangsu, China
  • Published:2019-12-23

摘要: 目的 通过对南京地区重度-极重度感音神经性聋患者进行常见耳聋基因检测,分析该类患者常见致聋基因和各位点发生频率,阐明该地区耳聋的遗传病因学。 方法 首先对患者进行病史采集、体格检查、高分辨颞骨CT以及临床听力学检查,然后采集128例患者的外周静脉血2~4 mL,对其标本进行4种常见基因21个突变位点的检测。 结果 128例患者中,39例(30.47%,39/128)检测到基因突变,其中携带双基因杂合突变1例、携带基因纯合突变14例。30例(23.44%,30/128)患者携带GJB2基因突变,其中 18例(14.06%,18/128)为纯合或复合杂合突变。235delC位点突变检出率为20.31%(26/128),299_300delAT位点突变检出率为4.69%(6/128),176_191del位点突变检出率为3.91%(5/128)。10例(7.81%,10/128)患儿携带SLC26A4基因突变,其中携带纯合和复合杂合突变4 例(3.13%,4/128)。IVS7-2 A>G突变检出率为7.03%。患者未检出线粒体12SrRNA基因和GJB3基因突变。患者中高分辨颞骨CT提示前庭导水管扩大者11例,其中检测出SLC26A4基因纯合或杂合突变10例,二者的吻合率为90.91%(10/11)。 结论 南京地区重度-极重度感音神经性聋患者中,GJB2基因为最主要的致聋基因,其最常见的突变位点是235delC,其次为SLC26A4基因,最常见的突变位点是IVS7-2 A>G。研究发现SLC26A4基因突变在大前庭水管综合征患者中检出率极高,筛查SLC26A4基因热点突变有助于大前庭水管综合征的诊断,但仍需结合高分辨颞骨CT检查,避免患者漏诊。

关键词: 感音神经性耳聋, 基因突变, 基因检测

Abstract: Objective By detecting the common deafness genes in patients with severe to extremely severe sensorineural hearing loss in Nanjing, we aimed to analyze the spectrum and prevalence of the hot-deafness gene mutations among these patients. Moreover, we aimed to clarify the genetic etiology of deafness in patients with severe to extremely severe sensorineural hearing loss in Nanjing. Methods First, we obtained patient data from deafness etiology questionnaires, physical examination, high-resolution temporal bone computed tomography(CT), and clinical audiological examination. Thereafter, 2-4 mL of peripheral venous blood was collected from 128 patients with severe to extremely severe sensorineural hearing loss and the 21 common mutation sites in GJB2, GJB3, SLC26A4, mtDNA, and 12S rRNA genes were analyzed. Results Among the 128 patients, gene mutation in the analyzed sites were detected in 39 cases(30.47%, 39/128). Two patients showed double gene locus mutations, whereas 14 of them showed homozygous mutations. Thirty(23.44%, 30/128)patients were detected with GJB2 gene mutation. Among them, 18(14.06%, 18/128)patients had homozygous or compound heterozygous GJB2 gene mutations. The rate of 235delC mutation sites was 20.31%(26/128), that of the 299-300delAT mutation site was 4.69%(6/128), and that of the 176-191del mutation site was 3.91%(5/128). Ten(7.81%, 10/128)patients were detected with SLC26A4 gene mutation. Among them, 4(3.13%,4/128)patients were detected with homozygous or compound heterozygous SLC26A4 gene mutation. The rate of IVS7-2 A>G mutation was 7.03%. Mutations of mtDNA 12S rRNA and GJB3 genes were not found in the present study. High-resolution temporal bone CT revealed enlarged vestibular aqueduct in 11 patients, and 10 of them tested positive for SLC26A4 homozygous or heterozygous mutations. The concordance rate between genetic diagnosis and temporal bone CT was 90.91%(10/11). Conclusions GJB2 gene mutation was the most commonly observed mutation in patients with severe to extremely severe sensorineural hearing loss in Nanjing, and the most common mutation site was 235delC. SLC26A4 gene mutation was the second most commonly observed mutation, and the most common mutation site was IVS7-2 A>G. SLC26A4 gene mutation is often found in patients with enlarged vestibular aqueduct syndrome, and mutation in this gene is useful to diagnose the syndrome. However, temporal bone CT can be used to reduce the rate of missed diagnosis in patients with sensorineural hearing loss.

Key words: Sensorineural hearing loss, Gene mutation, Gene detection

中图分类号: 

  • R764.4
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