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Table of Content

    24 February 2008 Volume 22 Issue 1
      
    Articles
    Effect of tea polyphenols in preventing diabetic cataracts induced by streptozotocin in rats and its mechanism
    BI Hong-sheng,LI Shu-jie,CUI Yan,WANG Hui
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  1-05 . 
    Abstract ( 1621 )   PDF (334KB) ( 1640 )   Save
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    To explore the mechanism of diabetic cataracts induced by streptozotocin in rats and to investigate the role of tea polyphenols(TP) in preventing diabetic cataracts. MethodsDiabetic cataracts were induced by streptozocin(STZ). The diabetic rats (blood glucose>16.7mmol/L) were randomly divided into 3 groups: the TP-treatment group(TP-DM), the untreated diabetic group (STZ-DM) and the control group. Each rat of the TP-DM group received 100 ml TP solution per day and of the control and the STZ-DM groups received tap water besides normal diets. Some lenses were stained with HE and examined with light microscopy after 12 weeks. Progression of lens opacification was recorded using a slit lamp at regular time intervals. The levels of glutathione reductase(GR), catalase(CAT) and glutathione(GSH) were determined spectrometically. The glycosylated hemoglobin and triglyceride(TG) of the blood of the vene caudalis were determined. ResultsMorphological changes markedly occurred in diabetic cataracts. The TP treatment delayed the progression of cataracts in diabetic rats and the delay was statistically significant from the 6th to the 9th week of diabetes (about 0.51 grade, P<0.05 vs the untreated diabetic rats). An increase in CAT and GSH was found in the lenses of the TP treated diabetic rats (P<0.05 vs the untreated diabetic rats) after 12 weeks of diabetes. Moreover, a decrease in body weight and an increase in glycosylated hemoglobin and triglyceride(TG) were found in the blood of the vene caudalis of the diabetic rats (P<0.05 vs the normal control rats). Conclusions The abnormal degradation of lens fibrocytes may be the morphological base of diabetic cataracts. The oxidative damage may play an important role in diabetic cataracts. TP can delay the progression of lens opacification only during the early stages, which may be related to the protective effect of TP against inactivation of anti-oxidation enzymes.

    Effect of 17β-estradiol on VEGF and HIF-1α mRNA expressions in bovine retinal vascular endothelial cells
    MA Xiao-hua,BI Hong-sheng,LI Jing-hai,XIE Xiao-feng,WU Jian-feng,JI Peng
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  6-09 . 
    Abstract ( 1928 )   PDF (274KB) ( 1422 )   Save
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    Objective To investigate the effect of the physiological level of estradiol on mRNA expressions of the vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and hypoxia-inducible factor-1α (HIF-1α) in bovine retinal vascular endothelial cells (BRECs) under different oxygen conditions. MethodsmRNA expressions of VEGF and HIF-1α were determined by reverse transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) in BRECs, with E2(10-12,10-10,10-8mol/L)or phosphatebuffered saline (PBS) and estrogen receptor antagonist tamoxifen (10-7mol/L) under normoxia and hypoxia after 8 hours and 24 hours. Results① Under hypoxia, gene expressions of VEGF and HIF-1α mRNA in BRECs more significantly increased than in the controls(P<0.05). There were evident positive correlations between the expressions of VEGF mRNA and HIF-1α mRNA(r=0.82). ② After BRECs were treated with the indicated concentrations of E2 under normoxia for 24 hours, the expression of VEGF mRNA increased in a dose-dependent manner between 10-12~-8mol/L (P<0.05). After BRECs being treated with 10-8mol/L E2 8 hours and 24 hours, the expression of VEGF mRNA was increased in a time-dependent manner(P<0.05). Whereas E2 did not affect the expression of HIF-1αmRNA(P>0.05). ③ After BRECs were treated with the indicated concentrations of E2 under hypoxia for 24 hours, the expressions of HIF-1α mRNA and VEGF mRNA decreased in a dose-dependent manner between 10-12~-8mol/L(P<0.05). After BRECs were treated with 10-8mol/L E2 for 8 hours and 24 hours, the expressions of HIF-1α mRNA and VEGF mRNA decreased in a timedependent manner (P<0.05). ④ An overdose of tamoxifen (10-7mol/L) reversed the effect of E2(10-8mol/L) (P<0.05). ConclusionsThe physiological level of E2 has a contrast effect on VEGF mRNA in a dose and timedependent manner based on oxygen conditions. E2 increases the gene expression of VEGF in BRECs under normoxia, whereas E2 decreases the gene expression of VEGF in BRECs through HIF-1α under hypoxic conditions.
    Effect of phacoemulsification in the treatment of complicated cataracts induced by uveitis
    CAI Wan-ting,BI Hong-sheng,WU Jian-feng,XIE Xiao-feng,LIU Dong-mei
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  10-12 . 
    Abstract ( 1771 )   PDF (279KB) ( 1380 )   Save
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    To explore the visual outcome and risk factors for developing post-operative uveitis, macular odema and Nd:YAG capsulotomy after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation in patients with uveitis. MethodThe clinical data of 39 eyes of 39 patients were retrospectively analyzed. The results of visual acuity, postoperative uveitis, macular odema and Nd:YAG capsulotomy after phacoemulsification and intraocular lens (IOL) implantation were reviewed. ResultsAt the first postoperative and final visits, the visual acuity was better(P<0.001) than before and during a 324 month follow-up. Within postoperative 3 months, uveitis was more likely in female patients(P<0.05)and in patients with a high presence of intra-operative posterior synechiae(P<0.05). Macular oedema was more likely in patients who developed postoperative uveitis(P<0.05). Nd:YAG capsulotomy happened often in patients aged 55 years or younger(P<0.05) and less in patients who had prophylactic systemic corticosteroids(P<0.05)and in those with 3-piece silicone IOLs (P<0.05)in comparison with other IOLs. ConclusionThe majority of patients with uveitis achieve improvement of visual acuity after phacoemulsification. Preoperative prophylactic corticosteroids, post-operative intensive corticosteroids and careful IOL selection are helpful to decrease the complications and increase the effect.
    Changes of tear film following cataract surgeries in highly senile patients with age-related cataracts
    SI Yan-fang,GUAN Juan,ZHOU Li,SHENG Yu
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  13-16 . 
    Abstract ( 1905 )   PDF (269KB) ( 1291 )   Save
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    To study the changes of tear film following cataract operations in highly senile patients. Methods60 eyes of the senile group(48 senile age-related cataract patients over 80 years old) had undergone cataract surgeries. 60 eyes (54 senile patients with age-related cataract) served as the control group. The subjective complaints of dry eye, break-up time(BUT), schirmmer Ⅰtest(SIt) and fluorescence integral(FI) were determined before and after cataract operations at different times(pre-operation and post-operation 1d, 3d, 1 week, 1 month, 3 months and 6 months). Results① Subjective complaints of dry eye and the mean scores of fluorescence integral within 3 months after the operations were significantly increased compared with those before the operations. 1 week after the operations, the mean breakup time in the senile group was greatly decreased and the schirmmer I test were greatly increased, and 1 month after the operations the FL scores were greatly increased(P<0.05). The BUT, SIt and scores of FL in the control group were all significantly changed 1 week and 1 month after the operations. ② BUT and SIt were more significantly decreased in the senile group than in the control group. The senile group needed more time to recover after the operations. ConclusionCataract surgeries have effect on the stability of tear film especially for senile age-related patients.
    Effects of triamcinolone acetonide treatment for diabetic macular edema
    LU Ai-dong,CHEN Fang,LIANG Zhong-qi
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  17-18 . 
    Abstract ( 2790 )   PDF (231KB) ( 1502 )   Save
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    To evaluate the therapeutic effects and security of intra-vitreous injection of triamcinolone acetonied (TA) for diabetic macular edema. Methods26 patients with diabetic macular edema were treated with intravitreous injection of 4mg TA. ResultsDuring 6 months follow-up, the visual acuity of all patients had improved in varying degrees. Fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)showed a significant decrease in macular leakage, even no leakage in some patients. Optical coherence tomography(OCT)also showed a significant decrease in central macular thickness. Macular edema was improved in all patients, and the intraocular pressure increased after 7 days and was controlled in one month. Pseudoophthalmia was found in 1 patient. ConclusionTA is effective and safe for diabetic macular edema.
    A new method to locate the lacrimal sac in dacryocystorhinostomy under endoscopy
    PAN Xiao-hua,WU Qian
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  19-21 . 
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    To explore the feasibility of a new method to locate the lacrimal sac in dacryocystorhinostomy under endoscopy. MethodsThe lacrimal bone′s sclerotin of the foreside was remove from below to above by bayonet type bone forceps, so the nasolacrimal canal and then the paries medialis′s mucous membrane of the lacrimal sac were exposed. ResultsThe lacrimal sac was easily found by this method and the important surrounding tissues, such as the anterior ethmoidal artery, the nasolacrimal canal, the lamina papyracea, and the anterior ethmoidal sinuses were not easily injured. Postoperative healing was ideal, and the constructed ostium was rarely occluded. ConclusionThis new intranasal method is feasible for locating the lacrimal sac under endoscopy and is worthy to be spread.
    Clinical features and early diagnosis of thyroid micro-carcinoma
    LIU Xin-yi,LIU Yan,LI Song-jun,LI Da-jian,XUE Ling-jun
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  29-31 . 
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    To investigate the clinical features and management of thyroid microcarcinoma. MethodsThe clinical features and imaging characteristics of 76 patients were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsOf 76 cases, tumors in 19 cases (25%) could be touched by thyroid physical examination before the operations, in 68 cases(89.47%) were determined by B ultrasonography in regular physical checkups, and in 8 cases(10.53%) were found by chance during benign thyrode tumor operations. All were confirmed by neck B ultrasonography before the operations, of them 10 were double thyroid tumors, 66 were unilateral, and 63 (82.89%) were hypoechoic and had no capsule. 51(67.10%) were calcific tuber. 64 (84.21%) cases were found by CT/MRI scanning before the operations, of them 56(87.5%) had no capsule, and 42 (65.63%) were calcific tuber. 55 cases were detected by nuclein scanning, of them 10(18.18%) were warm tuber, 18 (50.90%) were cold tuber, and 17(30.91%) were not shown. ConclusionTMC is difficult to diagnose before the operations, but by regular physical checkups, B ultrasonography, CT/MRI, ECT scan and other imagining examinations, most of them could be diagnosed.
    Meta-analysis of the expression and significance of VEGF in laryngeal carcinoma in China
    XU Zhi-hua,WANG Ji-qun,ZHANG Tao,JIA Hai-ying,SUN Jin ,SHAN Yan-chun
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  32-34 . 
    Abstract ( 1565 )   PDF (200KB) ( 1156 )   Save
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    To explore the expression and significance of VEGF in laryngeal carcinoma. MethodsDocuments published in China from 1989 to 2007 were retrieved through CNKI, VIP and WanFang databases on casecontrol studies associated with VEGF and laryngeal carcinoma. Taking into account the possibilities of heterogeneity of the studies, a statistical test for heterogeneity was performed. The odds ratio and 95%CI were used to evaluate the risks of the expression of VEGF in laryngeal carcinoma. The Meta-analysis was applied with RevMan 4.2.9 software, and the forest plot and funnel plot of meta-analysis were worked out. Results10 of the case-control studies were selected for this Meta-analysis, including 689 laryngeal carcinoma cases and 199 controls. The pooled odds ratio was 6.66, and the 95%CI was [4.37,10.15]. The expression of VEGF was related to differentiation(P=0.03), lymph node metastases(P<0.01), TNM classification(P<0.01) and survival rate(P=0.02), but was not related to tumor site(P=0.67), gender(P=1.00) or age(P=0.81). Conclusion VEGF may play an important role in the pathway of carcinogenesis progress and metastasis of laryngeal carcinoma, and it is feasible for early diagnosis, treatment and precaution.
    Clinical analysis of 11 cases of Hurthle cell tumor
    CHENG Li-xin, SHEN Yi, ZHOU Xin-hua
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  35-36 . 
    Abstract ( 1875 )   PDF (177KB) ( 1743 )   Save
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    To discuss the clinicopathological characteristics of Hurthle cell tumor and its principle of diagnosis and treatment. MethodsFrom August 1999 to November 2006, the clinical data of 11 patients with Hurthle cell tumor were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsAll 11 Hurthle cell tumors were benign. By fineneedle aspiration cytology before the operations, 7 cases(63.6%) were definitely diagnosed. By frozensection histology in the operations, 9 cases were definitely diagnosed. All were operated on and followed up for 1680 months without recurrence and death. ConclusionPreoperative fineneedle aspiration cytology combined with intraoperative frozen-section histology is useful for diagnosis of Hurthle cell tumor and for operative modality.
    Effect of mental nursing on the quality of life in patients undergoing surgery for laryngocarcinoma
    LIU Dan,GUO Qi-yun,GAO Min,ZHANG Xiao-yan
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  37-39 . 
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    To explore the effects of mental nursing on the quality of life in patients with laryngocarcinoma after the operations. Methods EORTC QLQ-C30 was used to determine the quality of life in 46 patients before the operations and 3 months after the operations. Results There were significant differences in the quality of life in patients before and after mental nursing. Conclusion Mental nursing can improve the life quality of laryngocarcinoma patients.
    (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate affects the expression of inducible nitric oxide synthase in spiral ganglion neuron of rats induced by amikacin
    LIU Qiang-he,XIE Ding-hua ,YANG Xin-ming,WU Wei-jing
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  40-42 . 
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    To study the expression of iNOS in amikacin(Amk)-induced spiral ganglion neuron(SGN) apoptosis in the rat cochlea and the protection of (-)-epigallocatechin-3-gallate(EGCG). MethodsAnimals were divided into three groups: one group serving as the saline control group, one group receiving Amk at 450mg/kg once a day for 14 days, and one group receiving Amk plus EGCG at 50mg/kg once a day for 14 days. Following deep anesthesia, the animals were half-body perfused intracardially with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFD), and the bullas were harvested, fixed in PFD, and decalcified in ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA). After decalcification, the cochlea were embedded in paraffin, and subsequently cut in a paramodiolar plane. Immunohistochemical changes were observed by detecting with iNOS. ResultsThe negative immunohistochemical reaction for iNOS-staining was found in the SGNs in the saline control group, and the positive reaction was found in the cytoplasm of part of the SGNs of the group receiving Amk. However, positive staining could hardly be detected in the group receiving Amk plus EGCG. Image analysis showed that the expression of iNOS was significantly up-regulated in the group receiving Amk, but this up-regulation was significantly suppressed by EGCG. ConclusionsiNOS was involved in Amkinduced oxidative damages to the SGN in the rat cochlea. EGCG effectively attenuated Amk-induced ototoxicity and suppressed Amk-induced SGN apoptosis by the influence on the expression of iNOS.
    Vestibular evoked myogenic potentials in vertigo patients
    ZHAO Xiao-yan, WANG Jian-ming, HUANG An
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  43-45 . 
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    To record and analyze the vestibular evoked myogenic potentials(VEMP) in vertigo patients and obtain the messages of saccular function. MethodsVEMP was performed on 15 patients with Meniere′s disease and 16 patients with sudden deafness and vertigo. The results were compared with those of the caloric test. ResultsThe waves of p13 and n23 appeared 100% in the normal subjects, but disappeared 30% in Meniere′s disease and 50% in sudden deafness with vertigo. There were 3 kinds of manifestations of VEMP: normal response,no response and lower amplitude in disease sides. ConclusionThe VEMP test is helpful in evaluating the saccular function in clinics.
    Correlation between nuclear factor-kappa B subunit P50 activity and IL-4 and γ-IFN expressions in nasal polyps
    LI Yun-qiu,FENG Yong,WANG Ji-hua
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  48-51 . 
    Abstract ( 1574 )   PDF (273KB) ( 1659 )   Save
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    To explore the possible regulatory mechanism of nuclear factorkappa B subunit P50 to Th1/Th2 cytokine in nasal polyps. MethodsThe expressions of IL-4 , γ-IFN and P50 were determined by the method of immunohistochemistry staining in 40 cases of nasal polyps and 20 normal subjects, and the linear correlations between activities of P50 and IL-4 and γ-IFN were evaluated. ResultsThe expression of P50 was mainly distributed in the cytoplasm of epithelia, inflammatory cells and the epithelia of glands, and the expression of IL-4 and the activity of P50 were significantly increased in nasal polyps(both P<0.001), however, the expression of γ-IFN had no significant differences between the groups(P>0.05). The Pearson correlation analysis demonstrated that P50 nuclear-presence closely correlated with the IL-4 level, but not with γ-IFN. The correlation coefficient was 0.70 for P50 and IL-4(P<0.001 ) and 0.14 for P50 and γ-IFN (P>0.05). ConclusionThe activity of P50 in nasal polyps significantly increases, and it may play an important role in the imbalance of Th1/Th2-typed cytokines by up-regulating the level of IL-4.
    Histopathological characteristics and possible mechanisms of nasal polyps
    YAN Shu,LI Na,YANG Yan-hua,JIANG Chang-qing
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  52-54 . 
    Abstract ( 3021 )   PDF (241KB) ( 1762 )   Save
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    To explore the correlation between histopathological characteristics and mechanism of nasal polyps. MethodsNasal polyps of each patient who underwent nasal endoscopic sinus surgery were stained with HE and Toluidine Blue to count the number of eosiophils, lymphocytes, mast cells, plasma cells and neutrophil cells under a light microscope and were divided into 4 groups according to their histopathological characteristics. The data of the 4 groups were analyzed with One-Way ANOVA. ResultsEosinophils were found in 69(51.49%) nasal polyps, lymphocytes were found in 52(38.81%) nasal polyps, both of them were found in 10(7.46%) nasal polyps, and neutrophil cells were found in 3(2.24%) nasal polyps. Furthermore, the difference of the mean number of eosinophils among the 4 groups was significant (P<0.05). The difference was also significant in lymphocyte number, mast cell number, plasma cell number and neutrophil cell number. The number of eosinophils and mast cells was negatively correlated(r=-0.534,P<0.01), while the number of lymphocytes and mast cells was positively correlated(r=0.601,P<0.01), and the number of plasma cells and mast cells was positively correlated(r=0.202,P<0.05). ConclusionsThe accumulation of eosinophils in the nasal polyps does not appear to be related to the presence of mast cells and allergy. The infiltration of inflammatory cells and their interaction may be important steps in the formation of nasal polyps. The histopathological classification of nasal polyps may be helpful for exploring the mechanisms of nasal polyps.
    Effects of nasal polyp endoscopic surgery on allergic rhinitis and asthma symptoms
    XING Zhi-min,LIU Xin,GUO Ling-ling,LIU Xiao-ling,ZHENG Hong-wei ,YU Li-sheng
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  55-57 . 
    Abstract ( 1991 )   PDF (235KB) ( 1714 )   Save
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    Objective To observe the changes of symptoms in patients with allergic rhinitis and asthma following nasal polyp endoscopic surgeries.Methods727 cases of nasal polyps were reviewed. Changes of the dosage of drugs against allergic rhinitis and asthma as well as the symptoms of patients after the operations were examined. ResultsMost symptoms of allergic rhinitis were obviously alleviated following nasal sinus endoscopic surgeries, and about 80.00% of patients had significant changes and 14.67% had effects. However, symptoms of asthma were not obviously changed. ConclusionSymptoms of allergic rhinitis in nasal polyp patients are alleviated following nasal sinus endoscopic surgeries. For patients having nasal polyps or allergic rhinitis together with sinusitis, early operations are recommended. But for patients having asthma and nasal polyps, integrated treatments should be used after careful evaluation of the prognosis.
    Shape and structure of the middle turbinate of patients with a deviated nasal septum
    HUANG Yong-mei,LI Na,QIAO Xiu-jun,WANG Gang-ping,CAO Han-hai
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  58-60 . 
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    ObjectiveTo explore the changes of shape and structure of the middle turbinate in two nostrils with a deviated nasal septum. Methods30 cases of a simple deviated nasal septum were enrolled in this study and nasal sinus coronal CT pictures were taken before the operations. The height and width of the middle turbinate were determined. Then mucosa samples of the middle turbinate were taken from its former end and their pathological performances were observed under an optical microscope and a transmission electron microscope. ResultsThere were significant differences of the width and height of the middle turbinate between the two nostrils as observed by CT scanning.(P<0.01). Results of optic microscopy: compared with the other side, the mucosa epithelium of the middle turbinate was proliferated and hypertrophic, the basal lamina was incrassated, the blood vessel had proliferation and dilatation in the mesenchyma, and fibrous tissues had obvious proliferation in the opposite side of the nasal septum deviation. Results of transmission electron microscopy: compared with the other side, the mucosa of the middle turbinate in the opposite side of the nasal septum had an obvious deviation, and the collagenous fibers in the lamina propria also had obvious proliferation. Fenestrated capillaries were seen under the subepithelia vascular layers and around the gland. The basal lamian of the small vein had limpidity and the space was increased. ConclusionsDifferences of shape and structure of the middle turbinate between two nostrils in patients with nasal septum deviation are significant, which contribute to hypertrophy of the middle turbinate and proliferation of the mucous membrane on the opposite side of the nasal septum deviation.
    Postnasal drip syndrome in 300 cases
    LI Jia,LI Duo-xian,CHEN Kai, YE Bao-xiang,ZHANG Zhi-xiong,LI Xiong-wen,YE Yuan-hang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  61-63 . 
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    ObjectiveTo study the etiopathogenisis and clinical manifestations of postnasal drip syndrome. MethodsThe clinic manifestations, treatments and follow-up results of 300 cases in our hospital in recent years were retrospectively analyzed. Postnasal drip is mainly complicated with sinus nasalis and nasopharynx diseases and it often induces chronic cough and various kinds of discomforts in the pharyngeal portion. ResultsAll cases mainly had chronic and various kinds of discomfort in the pharyngeal portion related to sinus nasalis and nasopharynx diseases. Of the total, 243 cases related to diseases in the nasal cavity and the sinus nasalis, of which rhinitis happened in 30, periodic rhinitis in 59, nasosinusitis in 64, nasosinusitis polypus in 77 and tumor in the nasal cavity and the sinus nasalis in 13. Also, 57 cases related to nasopharynx diseases, including 50 cases of inflammatory diseases and 7 cases of neoplastic diseases. The misdiagnosis rate was up to 78.7 percent. After anti-infective treatment, anti-allege, necessary surgeries and radiotherapies, the cough symptoms of 290 cases disappeared and of 10 cases apparently improved. During a 1-2 year follow-up, 8 cases relapsed, but the same treatment measures still had an effect. ConclusionsStrengthening the knowledge of postnasal drip syndrome is an important step to diagnose, reduce the rate of misdiagnosis and guide therapy. In order to reduce the misdiagnosis rate, it is necessary to use the standard check. Also the all-round treatments according to the causes are guarantees for curative effects.
    Nasal endoscopic surgery in the treatment of isolated sphenoid sinus lesions
    KANG Wen-jun
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  64-65 . 
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    The clinical data of fifteen patients with isolated sphenoid sinus lesions treated by nasal endoscopic surgery were retrospectively analyzed. ResultsAll cases were cured without serious complications. None recurred during six months after the operations. ConclusionNasal endoscopic surgery is convenient, safe and effective for isolated sphenoid sinus lesions.
    A contrast of the therapeutic effects of Nasonex and Rhinocort in the treatment of allergic rhinitis
    XIE Xiao-shuai,LI Liang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  66-68 . 
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    To investigate the therapeutic effects of Nasonex Nasal Spray(momestasone furoate) and Rhinocort Nasal Spray(budesonide) on allergic rhinitis(AR). Methods160 patients with AR were randomly divided into two groups: the Nasonex group (n=80) were treated with Nasonex once daily (total 200μg) and the Rhinocort group (n=80) were treated with Rhinocort once daily (total 256μg) for 4 weeks. Clinical effects and adverse drug reactions were observed. ResultsThere were statistical differences between the pre-and post-treatment groups (both P<0.05). The total effective rate was 97.5% in the Nasonex group and 92.5% in the Rhinocort group, however, there was no statistical difference between the two groups (P>0.05). No severe adverse drug reaction was found in either group. ConclusionsBoth medicines have good therapeutic effects on allergic rhinitis. Either one can be used for allergic rhinitis alone and achieve ideal therapeutic efficacies.
    Epidemic features of pediatric allergic rhnitis in Zhuhai City
    WU Jun,KUANG Jia-li,ZHANG Ping,GUO Liang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  69-70 . 
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    To investigate the epidemic features of pediatric allergic rhnitis(AR) and its relatedrisk factors in Zhuhai City. MethodsA questionnaire survey on AR was conducted for pupils aged from 7 to 11 from April to September, 2006. Patients suspected as AR received specialist examinations. Results854 papers were effective, and the prevalence of AR was 15.3%. There were no significant differences between males and females. Being sensitive to some drugs and foods, patients were also affected by the dwelling conditions and family aggregation.ConclusionThis provides a path to know the epidemic features of children with AR in Zhuhai City and supports epidemiologic materials to prevent and treat AR.
    Trans-sphenoidal surgery via an endoscopic septum approach
    HU Dao-cai,GAO Qiong,MA Li-juan,QIAO Li-ping
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  71-73 . 
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    To investigate the approach and experience of endoscopic surgery in sphenoid sinus occupying lesions associated with a deviated septum. MethodsEndoscopic transsphenoidal approach septum surgeries were performed on 26 patients. The nasal septum was first corrected, second the butterfly mouth was found along the rear bony septum, then the anterior wall was opened and finally the sphenoid sinus disease was treated. ResultsAll surgeries were successfully completed by the approach of a trans-sphenoidal opening of the nasal septum. Symptoms of the patients completely disappeared after surgery. 24 cases were followed up for 6 to 12 months and no recurrence was found. In the other 2 cases, 1 with a sphenoid sinus cyst had a recurrence 7 months after the operation and the other with a sphenoid sinus polyp had a recurrence 10 months after the operation, but both were removed at the clinic. ConclusionThe endoscopic trans-sphenoidal approach septum surgery appears to be a safe and effective method because of its mild trauma and precise positioning.
    Surgical opportunities on facial nerve decompression following intra-temporal facial nerve injury: an experimental study
    LUO Jian-fen,FAN Zhao-min,WANG Hai-bo
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  85-87 . 
    Abstract ( 2350 )   PDF (235KB) ( 2089 )   Save
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    To establish animal models of intratemporal facial nerve injury and find the natural developmental features of facial nerve injury. To explore the best time to do facial nerve decompression surgeries and to discover the laws of injured facial nerve recovery after the decompression surgeries. Methods32 200~300g female Wister rats were used, and the tympanic segments of the bone canal of the facial nerves were compressed by minimal forceps. After making the models, rats were randomly divided into 4 equal groups which were given decompression surgery at different times: within 3 weeks group, after 4 weeks group, after 8 weeks group and the control group. In the control group nothing was done. Decompression consisted of removing the crushed bone pieces and incising the epineurial sheath at the abovementioned times. The facial nerve threshold current was measured using the NIMResponse to observe the recovery of the facial nerve at intervals of 4 weeks. ResultsThe complete paralysis rats had no response to the maximal current (3mA) in the first week. No significant difference was found between the control group and the group which had decompression surgery after 8 weeks(P>0.05), but a difference between the other groups and the control group was found(P<0.05). There were significant differences among the three surgery groups(P<0.05). ConclusionsCrushing the facial nerve bone canal by minimal forceps is a reasonable method to make the animal models of intratemporal facial nerve injury. Decompression of the facial nerve performed within two months resulted in a faster recovery of the threshold current. Decompression later than two months had the same recovery speed as no decompression of the facial nerve. During the first two months, the earlier the decompression of the facial nerve was performed, the faster the facial nerve recovered.
    Endoscopy after traditional adenoidectomy
    LI Da-jian,LIU Xin-yi,ZHANG En-dong,LIU Yan,SUN Cai-bo
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  88-89 . 
    Abstract ( 1944 )   PDF (207KB) ( 1461 )   Save
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    ObjectiveTo evaluate the effect of endoscopy after traditional adenoidectomy. Method107 cases of adenoid hypotrophy including 43 cases of degree Ⅲ and 64 cases of degree Ⅱ were first treated by traditional adenoidectomy, then the remains were removed by endoscopy. ResultsRemains were found in all cases. In 57 cases, 41(95.3%)cases of degree Ⅲ and 16(25.0%)cases of degree Ⅱ, the remains were longer than 1cm. The remains of 35 (61.4%) cases were located in the upper part of the adenoid, of 16 (28.1%) cases were located in the lower part of the adenoid, of 28 (49.1%) cases were located near the pharyngeal ostium of the eustachian tube. ConclusionTraditional adenoidectomy is poor in that remaining tissues are mainly found in the upper part of the adenoid, the lower part of the adenoid and near the pharyngeal ostium of the eustachian tube.
    High-pressure spraying and laser on the quality of life in patients with abnormal sensation of the throat induced by hypertrophic pharyngitis
    LIU Ji-rong, LI Da-you,LI Dong-mei
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  90-93 . 
    Abstract ( 2100 )   PDF (281KB) ( 1827 )   Save
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    To explore the effects of high-pressure spraying and laser on the quality of life(QOL) in patients with abnormal sensation of the throat induced by chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis. MethodsA randomized and controlled study was carried on 87 patients with abnormal sensation of the throat induced by chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis. QOL was determined by using the Medical Outcome Study Short-Form Health Survey (SF-36) questionnaires (Chinese version). 87 patients were randomly divided into the experimental group and the control group. 47 patients in the experimental group were treated with high-pressure spraying, Nd:YAG laser and HeNe laser. 40 patients in the control group were routinely treated with GanJuBingMei tablets and CaoShanHu tablets. The SF-36 questionnaires were administered at the start of treatment and 3 and 6 weeks after the treatment. They were followed up for 3 months. ResultsAfter the runinperiod(baseline), there were no significant differences between the two groups in terms of symptoms or QOL scores. After 3 and 6 weeks, the response rates in the experimental group were 93.6% and 95.7%, which were significantly higher than those (57.5% and 67.5%) in the control group(both P<0.005, χ2 test). Also the QOL improved more significantly in the experimental group than in the control group (P<0.05, t-test). ConclusionsHigh-pressure spraying, Nd:YAG laser and HeNe laser can not only relieve the symptoms but also improve the QOL in patients with abnormal sensation of the throat induced by chronic hypertrophic pharyngitis.
    Diagnosis and treatment of acute retropharyngeal abscesses in children
    KE Zhao-yang,ZHOU Jing-chun,ZHOU Zhou,LIU Ming
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2008, 22(1):  94-96 . 
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    To summarize the diagnostic and therapeutic experience of acute retropharyngeal abscesses in children. MethodA retrospective study was carried out among 8 cases. Results5 cases were first misdiagnosed by pediatrics doctors, then the 5 cases received neck imaging examination and the diagnosis rate was 100%. Among 8 cases, 6 cases were cured by intraoral drainage of the abscess and in 2 cases the abscess suddenly ruptured. One was cured by salvage and the other died because of exhaustion resulting from the severity of the infection. ConclusionNeck imaging is helpful for the diagnosis of acute retropharyngeal abscesses in children and incision and drainage of the abscesses is the most effective therapeutic method. When the abscess suddenly ruptured, turning the children upside down is an effective first-aid measurement. Early support and symptomatic treatment is necessary for prevention of exhaustion of patients resulting from severe infection.