ISSN 1673-3770 CN 37-1437/R
山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 20-29.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.561
姚爽1,2,娄鸿飞3,4
YAO Shuang1,2Overview,LOU Hongfei3,4
摘要： 慢性鼻窦炎(CRS)表现出复杂的发病机制和高度的异质性,对传统治疗方案部分类型反应欠佳。因此,深入了解CRS内在型,推动以生物制剂为核心的精准医疗成为临床医师共同努力的方向。现对CRS内在型及其相关生物制剂进行综述,明确二者在CRS精准医疗中的重要地位,为构建CRS个体化诊疗策略、提高CRS治疗效果提供一定参考。
中图分类号:
| [1] Hastan D, Fokkens WJ, Bachert C, et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis in Europe: an underestimated disease. A GA2LEN study[J]. Allergy, 2011, 66(9): 1216-1223. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2011.02646.x. [2] Sedaghat AR, Kuan EC, Scadding GK. Epidemiology of chronic rhinosinusitis: prevalence and risk factors[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 2022, S2213-S2198(22):00032-0. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2022.01.016. [3] Pilan RR, Pinna FR, Bezerra TF, et al. Prevalence of chronic rhinosinusitis in Sao Paulo[J]. Rhinology, 2012, 50(2): 129-138. doi:10.4193/Rhino11.256. [4] Shi JB, Fu QL, Zhang H, et al. Epidemiology of chronic rhinosinusitis: results from a cross-sectional survey in seven Chinese cities[J]. Allergy, 2015, 70(5): 533-539. doi:10.1111/all.12577. [5] Wang XD, Zheng M, Lou HF, et al. An increased prevalence of self-reported allergic rhinitis in major Chinese cities from 2005 to 2011[J]. Allergy, 2016, 71(8): 1170-1180. doi:10.1111/all.12874. [6] Castillo Vizuete JA, Sastre J, del Cuvillo Bernal A, et al. Asthma, rhinitis, and nasal polyp multimorbidities[J]. Arch Bronconeumol(Engl Ed), 2019, 55(3): 146-155. doi:10.1016/j.arbres.2018.09.001. [7] Stevens WW, Peters AT, Hirsch AG, et al. Clinical characteristics of patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps, asthma, and aspirin-exacerbated respiratory disease[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 2017, 5(4): 1061-1070.e3. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2016.12.027. [8] Lee WH, Kim JW, Lim JS, et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis increases the risk of hemorrhagic and ischemic stroke: a longitudinal follow-up study using a national sample cohort[J]. PLoS One, 2018, 13(3): e0193886. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0193886. [9] Bhattacharyya N. Associations between obesity and inflammatory sinonasal disorders[J]. Laryngoscope, 2013, 123(8): 1840-1844. doi:10.1002/lary.24019. [10] Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Hopkins C, et al. European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2020[J]. Rhinology, 2020, 58(Suppl S29): 1-464. doi:10.4193/Rhin20.600. [11] National C,Promising I. The National Academies Collection: Reports funded by National Institutes of Health [M]. Washington(DC): National Academies Press(US)Copyright © 2011, National Academy of Sciences, 2011. [12] Anderson GP. Endotyping asthma: new insights into key pathogenic mechanisms in a complex, heterogeneous disease[J]. Lancet, 2008, 372(9643): 1107-1119. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(08)61452-X. [13] Lou HF, Meng YF, Piao YS, et al. Cellular phenotyping of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps[J]. Rhinology, 2016, 54(2): 150-159. doi:10.4193/Rhino15.271. [14] Cao PP, Li HB, Wang BF, et al. Distinct immunopathologic characteristics of various types of chronic rhinosinusitis in adult Chinese[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2009, 124(3): 478-484, 484.e1-2. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2009.05.017. [15] Lou HF, Meng YF, Piao YS, et al. Predictive significance of tissue eosinophilia for nasal polyp recurrence in the Chinese population[J]. Am J Rhinol Allergy, 2015, 29(5): 350-356. doi:10.2500/ajra.2015.29.4231. [16] Huvenne W, van Bruaene N, Zhang N, et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis with and without nasal polyps: what is the difference?[J]. Curr Allergy Asthma Rep, 2009, 9(3): 213-220. doi:10.1007/s11882-009-0031-4. [17] Zhang N, van Zele T, Perez-Novo C, et al. Different types of T-effector cells orchestrate mucosal inflammation in chronic sinus disease[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2008, 122(5): 961-968. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2008.07.008. [18] Wang XD, Zhang N, Bo MY, et al. Diversity of TH cytokine profiles in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis: a multicenter study in Europe, Asia, and Oceania[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2016, 138(5): 1344-1353. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.05.041. [19] 李华斌, 赖玉婷, 姜文秀. 慢性鼻窦炎的内表型研究进展及精准治疗[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2019, 33(3): 9-13. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2018.043. LI Huabin, LAI Yuting, JIANG Wenxiu. Endotypes and precision medicine in chronic sinusitis treatment[J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2019, 33(3): 9-13.doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2018.043. [20] Sejima T, Holtappels G, Kikuchi H, et al. Cytokine profiles in Japanese patients with chronic rhinosinusitis[J]. Allergol Int, 2012, 61(1): 115-122. doi:10.2332/allergolint.10-OA-0290. [21] Yu JQ, Xian M, Piao YS, et al. Changes in clinical and histological characteristics of nasal polyps in Northern China over the past 2-3 decades[J]. Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 2021, 182(7): 615-624. doi:10.1159/000513312. [22] Lou HF, Wang CS, Zhang L. Endotype-driven precision medicine in chronic rhinosinusitis[J]. Expert Rev Clin Immunol, 2019, 15(11): 1171-1183. doi:10.1080/1744666X.2020.1679626. [23] Katotomichelakis M, Tantilipikorn P, Holtappels G, et al. Inflammatory patterns in upper airway disease in the same geographical area may change over time[J]. Am J Rhinol Allergy, 2013, 27(5): 354-360. doi:10.2500/ajra.2013.27.3922. [24] Kim SJ, Lee KH, Kim SW, et al. Changes in histological features of nasal polyps in a Korean population over a 17-year period[J]. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2013, 149(3): 431-437. doi:10.1177/0194599813495363. [25] van Zele T, Claeys S, Gevaert P, et al. Differentiation of chronic sinus diseases by measurement of inflammatory mediators[J]. Allergy, 2006, 61(11): 1280-1289. doi:10.1111/j.1398-9995.2006.01225.x. [26] Klingler AI, Stevens WW, Tan BK, et al. Mechanisms and biomarkers of inflammatory endotypes in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2021, 147(4): 1306-1317. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.11.037. [27] Cao PP, Wang ZC, Schleimer RP, et al. Pathophysiologic mechanisms of chronic rhinosinusitis and their roles in emerging disease endotypes[J]. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 2019, 122(1): 33-40. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2018.10.014. [28] Kato A, Peters AT, Stevens WW, et al. Endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis: relationships to disease phenotypes, pathogenesis, clinical findings, and treatment approaches[J]. Allergy, 2022, 77(3): 812-826. doi:10.1111/all.15074. [29] Xu ZF, Huang YR, Delemarre T, et al. Advances in chronic rhinosinusitis in 2020 and 2021[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2022, 149(3): 854-866. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.12.782. [30] Tomassen P, Vandeplas G, van Zele T, et al. Inflammatory endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis based on cluster analysis of biomarkers[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2016, 137(5): 1449-1456.e4. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.12.1324. [31] Wei B, Liu F, Zhang J, et al. Multivariate analysis of inflammatory endotypes in recurrent nasal polyposis in a Chinese population[J]. Rhinology, 2018, 56(3): 216-226. doi:10.4193/Rhin17.240. [32] Liao B, Liu JX, Li ZY, et al. Multidimensional endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis and their association with treatment outcomes[J]. Allergy, 2018, 73(7): 1459-1469. doi:10.1111/all.13411. [33] Staudacher AG, Peters AT, Kato A, et al. Use of endotypes, phenotypes, and inflammatory markers to guide treatment decisions in chronic rhinosinusitis[J]. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 2020, 124(4): 318-325. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2020.01.013. [34] Yao Y, Zeng M, Liu Z. Revisiting Asian chronic rhinosinusitis in the era of type 2 biologics[J]. Clin Exp Allergy, 2022, 52(2): 231-243. doi:10.1111/cea.14065. [35] Delemarre T, Bochner BS, Simon HU, et al. Rethinking neutrophils and eosinophils in chronic rhinosinusitis[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2021, 148(2): 327-335. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.03.024. [36] Tan BK, Klingler AI, Poposki JA, et al. Heterogeneous inflammatory patterns in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps in Chicago, Illinois[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2017, 139(2): 699-703.e7. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2016.06.063. [37] Delemarre T, Holtappels G, de Ruyck N, et al. Type 2 inflammation in chronic rhinosinusitis without nasal polyps: another relevant endotype[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2020, 146(2): 337-343.e6. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.04.040. [38] Ray A, Kolls JK. Neutrophilic inflammation in asthma and association with disease severity[J]. Trends Immunol, 2017, 38(12): 942-954. doi:10.1016/j.it.2017.07.003. [39] Schleimer RP, Freeland HS, Peters SP, et al. An assessment of the effects of glucocorticoids on degranulation, chemotaxis, binding to vascular endothelium and formation of leukotriene B4 by purified human neutrophils[J]. J Pharmacol Exp Ther, 1989, 250(2): 598-605. [40] Banuelos J, Lu NZ. A gradient of glucocorticoid sensitivity among helper T cell cytokines[J]. Cytokine Growth Factor Rev, 2016, 31: 27-35. doi:10.1016/j.cytogfr.2016.05.002. [41] Wu D, Yan B, Wang Y, et al. Charcot-Leyden crystal concentration in nasal secretions predicts clinical response to glucocorticoids in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2019, 144(1): 345-348.e8. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2019.03.029. [42] Wallwork B, Coman W, Mackay-Sim A, et al. A double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial of macrolide in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis[J]. Laryngoscope, 2006, 116(2): 189-193. doi:10.1097/01.mlg.0000191560.53555.08. [43] Zeng M, Wang H, Liao B, et al. Clinical and biological markers predict the efficacy of glucocorticoid- and macrolide-based postoperative therapy in patients with chronic rhinosinusitis[J]. Am J Rhinol Allergy, 2021, 35(5): 596-606. doi:10.1177/1945892420982236. [44] Strehl C, Ehlers L, Gaber T, et al. Glucocorticoids-all-rounders tackling the versatile players of the immune system[J]. Front Immunol, 2019, 10: 1744. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01744. [45] Wu D, Yan B, Wang Y, et al. Prognostic and pharmacologic value of cystatin SN for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2021, 148(2): 450-460. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.01.036. [46] Wu D, Yan B, Wang Y, et al. Predictive significance of Charcot-Leyden crystal protein in nasal secretions in recurrent chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps[J]. Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 2021, 182(1): 65-75. doi:10.1159/000510120. [47] 史剑波, 孙悦奇, 许庚. 基于内在型的慢性鼻窦炎手术治疗策略[J]. 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2022, 57(2): 130-135. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210819-00561. SHI Jianbo, SUN Yueqi, XU Geng. Endotype-based surgical treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis[J]. Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 2022, 57(2): 130-135. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210819-00561. [48] Snidvongs K, Kalish L, Sacks R, et al. Sinus surgery and delivery method influence the effectiveness of topical corticosteroids for chronic rhinosinusitis: systematic review and meta-analysis[J]. Am J Rhinol Allergy, 2013, 27(3): 221-233. doi:10.2500/ajra.2013.27.3880. [49] Zhang L, Zhang Y, Gao Y, et al. Long-term outcomes of different endoscopic sinus surgery in recurrent chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and asthma[J]. Rhinology, 2020, 58(2): 126-135. doi:10.4193/Rhin19.184. [50] Alsharif S, Jonstam K, van Zele T, et al. Endoscopic sinus surgery for type-2 CRS wNP: an endotype-based retrospective study[J]. Laryngoscope, 2019, 129(6): 1286-1292. doi:10.1002/lary.27815. [51] 刘争, 曾明. 加强国人慢性鼻窦炎内在型研究 推进精准诊疗[J]. 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2022, 57(2): 99-105. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210830-00581. LIU Zheng, ZENG Ming. Promoting the research of endotypes of Chinese patients with chronic rhinosinusitis and facilitating precision medicine[J]. Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 2022, 57(2): 99-105. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210830-00581. [52] Bachert C, Mannent L, Naclerio RM, et al. Effect of subcutaneous dupilumab on nasal polyp burden in patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyposis: a randomized clinical trial[J]. JAMA, 2016, 315(5): 469-479. doi:10.1001/jama.2015.19330. [53] Bachert C, Han JK, Desrosiers M, et al. Efficacy and safety of dupilumab in patients with severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps(liberty np sinus-24 and liberty np sinus-52): results from two multicentre, randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, parallel-group phase 3 trials[J]. Lancet, 2019, 394(10209): 1638-1650. doi:10.1016/S0140-6736(19)31881-1. [54] Fujieda S, Matsune S, Takeno S, et al. The effect of dupilumab on intractable chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps in Japan[J]. Laryngoscope, 2021, 131(6): E1770-E1777. doi:10.1002/lary.29230. [55] 姚银, 曾明, 刘争. 慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉的生物靶向治疗[J]. 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2022, 57(2): 231-236. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210901-00586. YAO Yin, ZENG Ming, LIU Zheng. Biologics in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps[J]. Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 2022, 57(2): 231-236. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210901-00586. [56] Cheraghlou S, Cohen JM. Early adoption of dupilumab in the medicare population in 2017[J]. Yale J Biol Med, 2020, 93(5): 675-677. [57] Patel GB, Peters AT. The role of biologics in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps[J]. Ear Nose Throat J, 2021, 100(1): 44-47. doi:10.1177/0145561320964653. [58] Kim J, Naclerio R. Therapeutic potential of dupilumab in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: evidence to date[J]. Ther Clin Risk Manag, 2020, 16: 31-37. doi:10.2147/TCRM.S210648. [59] Chang TW, Davis FM, Sun NC, et al. Monoclonal antibodies specific for human IgE-producing B cells: a potential therapeutic for IgE-mediated allergic diseases[J]. Biotechnology(N Y), 1990, 8(2): 122-126. doi:10.1038/nbt0290-122. [60] Gevaert P, Calus L, van Zele T, et al. Omalizumab is effective in allergic and nonallergic patients with nasal polyps and asthma[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2013, 131(1): 110-116.e1. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.07.047. [61] Lin H, Boesel KM, Griffith DT, et al. Omalizumab rapidly decreases nasal allergic response and FcepsilonRI on basophils[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2004, 113(2): 297-302. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2003.11.044. [62] Gevaert P, Omachi TA, Corren J, et al. Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in nasal polyposis: 2 randomized phase 3 trials[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2020, 146(3): 595-605. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2020.05.032. [63] 申珅, 娄鸿飞, 闫冰, 等. 抗IgE单克隆抗体治疗合并哮喘的复发性慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉的短期疗效研究[J]. 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2021, 56(10): 1035-1041. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210608-00338. SHEN Shen, LOU Hongfei, YAN Bing, et al. Short-term efficacy of anti-IgE monoclonal antibody in patients with recurrent chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps combined with asthma[J]. Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 2021, 56(10): 1035-1041. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210608-00338. [64] 隋海晶, 胡艳, 陈玉迪, 等. 抗IgE单克隆抗体治疗难治性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉三例[J]. 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2021, 56(2): 150-152. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20201112-00864. SUI Haijing, HU Yan, CHEN Yudi, et al. Three cases of refractory sinusitis with nasal polyps treated with anti IgE monoclonal antibody[J]. Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 2021, 56(2): 150-152. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20201112-00864. [65] 隋海晶, 胡艳, 甄甄, 等. 抗IgE单克隆抗体治疗过敏性哮喘并发鼻息肉的有效性和安全性[J]. 中华临床免疫和变态反应杂志, 2021, 15(5): 505-512. doi:10.3969∕j.issn.1673-8705.2021.05.004. SUI Haijing, HU Yan, ZHEN Zhen, et al. Efficacy and safety of anti-IgE monoclonal antibody treatment for allergic asthma with nasal polyps[J]. Chinese Journal of Allergy & Clinical Immunology, 2021, 15(5): 505-512. doi:10.3969∕j.issn.1673-8705.2021.05.004. [66] Gevaert P, Lang-Loidolt D, Lackner A, et al. Nasal IL-5 levels determine the response to anti-IL-5 treatment in patients with nasal polyps[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2006, 118(5): 1133-1141. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2006.05.031. [67] Han JK, Bachert C, Fokkens W, et al. Mepolizumab for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps(SYNAPSE): a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled, phase 3 trial[J]. Lancet Respir Med, 2021, 9(10): 1141-1153. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(21)00097-7. [68] Agache I, Song Y, Alonso-Coello P, et al. Efficacy and safety of treatment with biologicals for severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a systematic review for the EAACI guidelines[J]. Allergy, 2021, 76(8): 2337-2353. doi:10.1111/all.14809. [69] Kolbeck R, Kozhich A, Koike M, et al. MEDI-563, a humanized anti-IL-5 receptor alpha MAb with enhanced antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity function[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2010, 125(6): 1344-1353.e2. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2010.04.004. [70] Chitguppi C, Patel P, Gandler A, et al. Effect of benralizumab in patients with severe eosinophilic asthma and chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a case series[J]. Am J Rhinol Allergy, 2021, 35(5): 559-567. doi:10.1177/1945892420978351. [71] Tversky J, Lane AP, Azar A. Benralizumab effect on severe chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps(CRSwNP):a randomized double-blind placebo-controlled trial[J]. Clin Exp Allergy, 2021, 51(6): 836-844. doi:10.1111/cea.13852. [72] Lombardo N, Pelaia C, Ciriolo M, et al. Real-life effects of benralizumab on allergic chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis associated with severe asthma[J]. Int J Immunopathol Pharmacol, 2020, 34: 2058738420950851. doi:10.1177/2058738420950851. [73] Bachert C, Han JK, Desrosiers MY, et al. Efficacy and safety of benralizumab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a randomized, placebo-controlled trial[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2022, 149(4): 1309-1317.e12. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.08.030. [74] Wu QW, Zhang YN, Kong WF, et al. Which is the best biologic for nasal polyps: dupilumab, omalizumab, or mepolizumab? A network meta-analysis[J]. Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 2022, 183(3): 279-288. doi:10.1159/000519228. [75] Oykhman P, Paramo FA, Bousquet J, et al. Comparative efficacy and safety of monoclonal antibodies and aspirin desensitization for chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyposis: a systematic review and network meta-analysis[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2022, 149(4): 1286-1295. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2021.09.009. [76] Cai SR, Xu SL, Lou HF, et al. Comparison of different biologics for treating chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a network analysis[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 2022,(22): S2213-S2198. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2022.02.034. [77] Wu QW, Yuan LX, Qiu HJ, et al. Efficacy and safety of omalizumab in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials[J]. BMJ Open, 2021, 11(9): e047344. doi:10.1136/bmjopen-2020-047344. [78] O'Byrne PM, Metev H, Puu M, et al. Efficacy and safety of a CXCR2 antagonist, AZD5069, in patients with uncontrolled persistent asthma: a randomised, double-blind, placebo-controlled trial[J]. Lancet Respir Med, 2016, 4(10): 797-806. doi:10.1016/S2213-2600(16)30227-2. [79] Nair P, Gaga M, Zervas E, et al. Safety and efficacy of a CXCR2 antagonist in patients with severe asthma and sputum neutrophils: a randomized, placebo-controlled clinical trial[J]. Clin Exp Allergy, 2012, 42(7): 1097-1103. doi:10.1111/j.1365-2222.2012.04014.x. [80] Busse WW, Holgate S, Kerwin E, et al. Randomized, double-blind, placebo-controlled study of brodalumab, a human anti-IL-17 receptor monoclonal antibody, in moderate to severe asthma[J]. Am J Respir Crit Care Med, 2013, 188(11): 1294-1302. doi:10.1164/rccm.201212-2318OC. [81] Chong LY, Piromchai P, Sharp S, et al. Biologics for chronic rhinosinusitis[J]. Cochrane Database Syst Rev, 2021, 3: CD013513. doi:10.1002/14651858.CD013513.pub3. [82] 王成硕, 张罗. 慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉进入生物制剂治疗时代[J]. 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2021, 56(10): 1023-1027. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210509-00260. WANG Chengshuo, ZHANG Luo. Biologics: a new option in treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps[J]. Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 2021, 56(10): 1023-1027. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210509-00260. [83] Anderson WC III, Szefler SJ. Cost-effectiveness and comparative effectiveness of biologic therapy for asthma: to biologic or not to biologic?[J]. Ann Allergy Asthma Immunol, 2019, 122(4): 367-372. doi:10.1016/j.anai.2019.01.018. [84] Bachert C, Sousa AR, Lund VJ, et al. Reduced need for surgery in severe nasal polyposis with mepolizumab: Randomized trial[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2017, 140(4): 1024-1031.e14. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2017.05.044. |
| [1] | 敖天, 程雷. 慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉的内型研究及其指导下的精准控制与治疗[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2022, 36(3): 7-14. |
| [2] | 熊攀辉,沈暘,杨玉成. 基于表型和内在型的慢性鼻窦炎诊治进展[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2022, 36(3): 15-19. |
| [3] | 石帅,郑泉,程雷. 度普利尤单抗在慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉治疗中的研究进展[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2022, 36(3): 36-42. |
| [4] | 王欢,胡俐,余洪猛. 慢性鼻窦炎相关嗅觉功能障碍研究进展[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2022, 36(3): 43-49. |
| [5] | 宜若男,陈福权. 嗜酸性粒细胞与嗅觉功能障碍[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2022, 36(3): 50-55. |
| [6] | 谷钰,万鑫,肖自安. 中性粒细胞和嗜酸性粒细胞在慢性鼻窦炎中的相互影响及临床治疗思考[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2022, 36(3): 56-63. |
| [7] | 林海,朱莹,张维天. 慢性鼻窦炎发病中离子通道作用研究进展[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2022, 36(3): 64-70. |
| [8] | 乔新杰,赵玉林. 慢性鼻窦炎中上皮间质转化信号转导通路及其他相关因子的研究进展[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2022, 36(3): 71-77. |
| [9] | 黄丹怡,张婷,陈静,张薇. 上皮屏障在慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉中的研究进展[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2022, 36(3): 78-83. |
| [10] | 李佳倪,朱冬冬,孟粹达. 表观遗传学在慢性鼻窦炎伴鼻息肉发病机制中的作用[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2022, 36(3): 84-91. |
| [11] | 曹轩,肖旭平,李云秋. 透明质酸在慢性鼻窦炎中的研究进展[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2022, 36(3): 104-109. |
| [12] | 刘一潼,周穗子,邱前辉. NLRP3炎症小体在慢性鼻窦炎和变应性鼻炎中的研究进展[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2022, 36(3): 142-146. |
| [13] | 刘厚军,张倩,程友,薛飞,许莉,吴明海. 慢性鼻窦炎伴双侧鼻息肉的发病与RANTES基因多态性的关系分析[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2022, 36(3): 165-170. |
| [14] | 李琳,高正文,崔楠,孙健平,黄贤明,崔静. 儿童慢性鼻窦炎基因表达谱的生物信息学分析[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2022, 36(3): 171-180. |
| [15] | 陈世琴,卫平存,胡云龙,胡金旺. 糖皮质激素三种不同鼻用法对鼻内镜术后黏膜转归的影响[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2022, 36(3): 195-201. |
|