山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报 ›› 2025, Vol. 39 ›› Issue (2): 51-58.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2024.312

• 论著 • 上一篇    

长春地区儿童变应性鼻炎变应原检测结果分析

刘畅,杨景朴,高雨,王文佳   

  1. 吉林大学第二医院 耳鼻咽喉头颈外科, 吉林 长春 130041
  • 发布日期:2025-03-26
  • 通讯作者: 王文佳. E-mail:wangwenjia2016@jlu.edu.cn

Analysis of allergen detection results in children with allergic rhinitis in the Changchun area

LIU Chang, YANG Jingpu, GAO Yu, WANG Wenjia   

  1. Department of Otorhinolaryngology & Head and Neck Surgery, Second Hospital of Jilin University, Changchun 130041, Jilin, China
  • Published:2025-03-26

摘要： 目的 分析长春地区儿童变应性鼻炎(allergic rhinitis, AR)血清特异性免疫球蛋白E(immunoglobulin E, IgE)检测结果,了解AR患儿常见变应原及其分布特点,为长春地区AR患儿的诊疗和预防提供依据。 方法 选取2023年1月1日至12月31日就诊于吉林大学第二医院耳鼻咽喉头颈外科且行血清特异性IgE检测的长春地区AR患儿478例,分析常见变应原及其分布情况,比较变应原在不同性别、年龄组之间的致敏差别,并分析单一致敏和多重致敏情况。 结果 长春地区AR患儿吸入性变应原阳性率前4位是蒿(38.3%)、粉/户尘螨(35.6%)、猫毛皮屑(34.9%)、念珠菌/点青霉/分枝孢霉/交链孢霉/黑曲霉(34.9%),食入性变应原前4位是牛奶(63.6%)、鸡蛋白(12.1%)、桃/苹果/芒果/荔枝/草莓(8.4%)、虾/蟹(6.9%)。AR患儿就诊高峰为8月(135例)和9月(109例)。常见吸入性变应原蒿和矮豚草阳性率在9月份最高(57.8%,47.7%),念珠菌/点青霉/分枝孢霉/交链孢霉/黑曲霉阳性率在7月份最高(56.8%),粉/户尘螨阳性率在12月份最高(100%)。男性患儿桃/苹果/芒果/荔枝/草莓阳性率高于女性患儿(χ2=5.473,P=0.019),女性患儿虾/蟹阳性率高于男性患儿(χ2=6.440,P=0.011)。吸入性变应原、蒿、粉/户尘螨、念珠菌/点青霉/分枝孢霉/交链孢霉/黑曲霉、猫毛皮屑、矮豚草、刺柏/桦、桤/杨/柳/山毛榉/橡/胡桃、食入性变应原、牛奶、鸡蛋白、虾/蟹、花生/黄豆阳性率在不同年龄组间差异均有统计学意义(P均<0.05)。随着年龄的增加,吸入性变应原阳性率升高(婴幼儿61.8%,学龄前儿童81.3%,学龄期儿童96.0%;P<0.001),食入性变应原阳性率降低(婴幼儿97.1%,学龄前儿童74.3%,学龄期儿童67.0%;P=0.001)。AR患儿多重致敏占比与年龄呈正相关(r=0.692,P=0.009)。 结论 长春地区AR儿童变应原以牛奶、蒿、粉/户尘螨为主。不同变应原阳性率分布存在性别、年龄差异,随着年龄增加,吸入性变应原阳性率升高,食入性变应原阳性率降低,多重致敏患儿也随之增多。

关键词: 变应性鼻炎, 儿童, 变应原, 特异性免疫球蛋白E

Abstract: Objective To analyse the serum specific immunoglobulin E(IgE)detection results of children with allergic rhinitis(AR)in the Changchun area. The study will provide insights into the common allergens and their distribution characteristics in children with AR. The findings of this study will serve as a valuable basis for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of children with AR. Methods A total of 478 children with AR who visited the Department of Otorhinolaryngology, Head and Neck Surgery of the Second Hospital of Jilin University and underwent serum specific IgE detection from January 1 to December 31, 2023 were selected for this study. The common allergens and their distribution were analysed, and the differences in allergens between different age,gender groups and monosensitisation and multisensitisation were compared. Results The top four positive rates of inhaled allergens in children with allergic rhinitis in Changchun were Artemisia(38.3%), dust mite/house mite(35.6%), cat dander(34.9%), and Candida/Penicillium nodularis/Cladophorium/Alternaria spp./Aspergillus niger(34.9%). The four main food allergens were milk(63.6%), egg white(12.1%), peach/apple/mango/lychee/strawberry(8.4%), and shrimp/crab(6.9%). The highest number of visits by children with AR was observed in August(135 cases)and September(109 cases). The positivity rate for Artemisia and dwarf ragweed reached its highest point in September(57.8%,47.7%), while the positivity rate for Candida/Penicillium nodularis/Cladophorium/Alternaria spp./Aspergillus niger reached its highest point in July(56.8%), and for dust mites/house mites in December(100%). The positive rate of peach/apple/mango/lychee/strawberry was higher in males than those in females(χ2=5.473,P=0.019), while the positive rate of shrimp/crab was higher in females than those in males(χ2=6.440,P=0.011). Statistically significant differences were identified among the different age groups for the following allergens: inhalant allergens, Artemisia, dust mite /house mite, Candida/Penicillium nodularis/Cladophorium/Alternaria spp./Aspergillus niger, cat dander, and food allergens, milk, egg white, shrimp/crab, peanuts/soybeans showed statistically significant differences among the different age groups(all P<0.05). The positive rate of inhalant allergens increased with age(P<0.001), while the positive rate of food allergens showed an opposite trend(P<0.05). Pearson correlation analysis(r=0.692,P=0.009)revealed a positive correlation between polysensitisation and age in all children with AR. Conclusion The primary allergens identified in children with AR in Changchun are milk, Artemisia, and dust/house dust mite. The study revealed gender and age-related differences in the prevalence of positive reactions. The positive rate of inhalant allergens increased with age, while the positive rate of food allergens decreased. Furthermore, the number of children with multiple sensitisation also increased with age. This comprehensive understanding provides a solid foundation for the diagnosis, treatment and prevention of children with AR in this local area.

Key words: Allergic Rhinitis, Children, Allergens, Specific immunoglobulin E

中图分类号: 

  • R765.21
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