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    16 February 2010 Volume 24 Issue 01
      
    Articles
    Morphometric and qualitative histopathologic investigation of tensor veli palatini in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
    LIU Fengfang1,GONG Hongxun2,ZHANG Xian2,CHEN Xianming2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2010, 24(01):  7-10. 
    Abstract ( 1389 )   PDF (650KB) ( 1119 )   Save
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    Objective   To study the morphometric and qualitative histopathologic changes of tensor veli palatini in OSAHS patients, and to explore whether neurogenic lesions could be a contributory factor. Methods  Biopsies were obtained by uvulopalatopharyngoplasty in 30 OSAHS patients. Control specimens of tensor veli palatini were retrieved in 10 patients with chronic tonsillitis. The morphological alteration was evaluated using Trichrome HE,Masson staining , AchE histochemistry stain and a transmission electron microscope(TEM). Results  In OSAHS patients, the scarsof myofibers were decreased, but the scars  of collagen fibers were increased, the ratio of scars  of myofibers to those of collagen fibers was progressively decreased. TEM:The structure of myofibril was confused, some myofilaments and part of the Z zones dissolved, some breaks disappeared, sarcoplasms   dilated cystiformly and tubularly, the mitochondria  concentrated among the muscle fibers, the myelinated nerve fibers degenerated, the myelin sheath loosened and regional edema occurred. The levels of AchE expression in myoceptors were decreased. Conclusion  The myoceptors and nervus peripheralis of tensor veli palatini in OSAHS patients have great morphologically change. The degree of pathological changes and the morphometric and qualitative histopathologic changes of tensor veli palatini is positively correlated. The denervation of tensor veli palatini may play  an important  role in the etiopathogenesis of OSAHS.

    Hemagglutinin parameter transmutations and their clinical significances in patients with obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome
    BI Xiumin, LI Jing, GUO Chunqing
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2010, 24(01):  11-12. 
    Abstract ( 1310 )   PDF (300KB) ( 1457 )   Save
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    Objective  To detect the clinical significances of hemagglutinin parameter transmutations in obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS). Methods  A hemagglutinin instrument was used to detect the prothrombin time(PT),partial thromboplastin time(APTT), plasma fibrinogen(FIB), thrombin time(TT) and blood plasma antithromebaseIII(A-T III) in venous blood of 64 patients with OSAHS and 54 normal controls. Results  The PT, APTT and TT  shortened, blood plasma FIB increased, and A-T III activity degraded more (P<0.05) in the OSAHS patients than  in the normal controls. Conclusion  There are diversities of blood clotting, anticoagulation and fibrinolytic status in OSAHS patients, which are related  the occurrence of heartcerebral vessel embolism diseases.

    Influencing factors on hearing and speech rehabilitation efficacy of deaf children with a cochlear implant
    LI Dongmei1, XU Anting1, CHENG Xiang2, ZHANG Hanbing1, YIN Haiying3, JI Caili1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2010, 24(01):  16-20. 
    Abstract ( 1460 )   PDF (372KB) ( 1281 )   Save
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    Objective  To study possible influencing factors on children's rehabilitation process by evaluating the speech and language rehabilitation efficacy of 55 cochlear implanter patients. Methods  In this survey, we utilized a questionnaire of level discriminating standards of Categories of Auditory Performance (CAP) and Speech Intelligibility Rating criteria (SIR) to evaluate the speech perception and producing abilities after cochlear-implant operation. Using the Chi square test, we analysed the association between some factors and the aural and oral rehabilitation represented by CAP and SIR rating results. Correlation factors were analyzed using the Forward Conditional logistic regression model. Results  Multivariate analysis showed that the implanted period and financial conditions were the significantly associated factors with CAP, and the implanted period、rehabilitation mode and residence environment were significantly associated with SIR. Conclusion  The implanted period and financial condition contributed to  rehabilitation.

    Expression of Arc/arg3.1 in the auditory brainstem of rats with tinnitus induced by sodium salicylate
    WEI Tingting1, ZHAO Dean1, GAO Xingqiang1, SU Wenling1, ZHU Yanshuang1, ZHAO Yan2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2010, 24(01):  21-24. 
    Abstract ( 1277 )   PDF (652KB) ( 1025 )   Save
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    Objective   To investigate the hypothesis that the central nervous system is involved in tinnitus by testing immediately early gene Arc/arg3.1 in the auditory brainstem. Methods  Forty-eight Wistar rats were randomly divided into 6 groups (n=8 in each group): During establishing a conditioned response, groupsⅠand Ⅳ received a single intraperitoneally injected (i.p.) dose of 400 mg sodium salicylate per kg bodyweight dissolved in physiological saline 2 hours before training, while groups Ⅱ and Ⅴ were injected i.p. with the same dose of physiological saline. Undisturbed controls were groups Ⅲ and Ⅵ. After group Ⅳ maneged to establish a model of tinnitus, these rats continued to receive injections of the same dose of sodium salicylate for ten days. Groups Ⅰ、 Ⅱ and Ⅲ were sacrificed and samples were harvested together; groups Ⅳ、 Ⅴ and Ⅵ were sacrificed and  were harvested together samples together. Then SYBR Green1 real-time relative quantitative RT-PCR was used to detect  expression of gene ARC/arg3.1 in these three auditory nuclei. Results   Expresseion levels of Arc mRNA in the cochlear nucleus first down-regulated (P<0.05)then climbed back slightly(P<0.05); Arc mRNA of the inferior colliculus increased and maintained a high degree, but no longer climbed(P<0.01); finally, we failed to find any change in nuclei olivaris superior(P>0.05). Conclusions  The alteration of the Arc mRNA in the auditory brainstem further supports tinnitus-related plasticity in the auditory center.

    Expressions of GABAA receptor subunits in the inferior colliculus of newborn rats
    ZHANG Yuanyuan1, LIU Delong2, ZHANG Qingfeng2, TAO Ran1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2010, 24(01):  25-28. 
    Abstract ( 1467 )   PDF (403KB) ( 1262 )   Save
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    Objective  To explore expressions of GABAAR β2 and γ2 subunits in the inferior colliculus of newborn rats. Methods  mRNAs expressions of GABAAR β2 and γ2 subunits in the inferior colliculus of newborn rats from 1 to 16 days were quantitated by half quantitation PT-PCR and located by in situ hybridization. The PCR were done with interior control GAPDH. The gray scales of the electrophoresis products of PCR were observed and analyzed under an ultraviolet analytical system. In situ hybridization was done by a non-radioactive oligonucleotide probe and the results were observed by a light microscope. Results  Expressions of GABAAR β2 and γ2 subunits in the inferior colliculus were gradually increased in a nonlinear way.  Expression level was the lowest at day 7, reached a peak at day 13 and dropped. to  a  level similar with that of adult rats at day 16. The differences were significant(P<0.01). Conclusion  Expressions of GABAAR β2 and γ2 subunits in the inferior colliculus were undulatory and phasic in postnatal rats. The two subunits were co-expressed in the inferior colliculus.

    Functional and trans-nasal endoscopic management of nasal cavity structures in treatment of structural rhinitis
    HUANG Zhiqin
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2010, 24(01):  34-36. 
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    Objective  To study endoscopic surgical treatment and its effect on structural rhinitis .  Method  One hundred and twenty-eight patients with structural rhinitis were treated by functional and trans-nasal endoscopic management of nasal cavity structures.According to patients' symptoms and different results of endoscopy and CT scans, surgical procedures were individually designed, and mainly included endoscopic sub-mucous septoplasty,  functional inferior turbinoplasty, middle turbinoplasty, and functional resection of the ostiomeatal complex(OMC).  Result  All patients were followed up for 10-20 months, average 15 months. The total therapeutic effective rate was 97.65%.  Conclusion  Structural rhinitis is a sort of functional disease as a result of multi-abnormality of nasal cavity structure.Functional and trans-nasal endoscopic management of nasal cavity structures is an effective treatment by means of functional reconstructing the balance of the bilateral nasal cavity and improving its function.

    Correlation between hyperlipidemia and incidence of retinal vein occlusion
    WANG Lin, GUAN Juan, ZHOU Li, SHENG Yu, SI Yanfang, ZHAO Huiying, ZHAO Juan
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2010, 24(01):  44-46. 
    Abstract ( 1453 )   PDF (327KB) ( 1348 )   Save
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    Objective   To study the relationship between hyperlipidemia and incidence of retinal vein occlusion by observing serum lipid changes of patients with retinal vein occlusion. Methods  In this case-control study, the patient group included 46 patients with retinal vein occlusion who received no drug treatment, while the control group included 45 healthy people without retinal vascular disease. There were no significant differences in age and gender between the two groups. The levels of  total  serum cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol and high density lipoprotein cholesterol were measured and compared. Results  The levels of total cholesterol, triglycerides, low density lipoprotein cholesterol in the patient group were significantly higher than those in the control group (P<0.05), while the level of high density lipoprotein cholesterol was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). There was no significant difference between the levels mentioned above between the patients with central retinal vein occlusion and those with branch retinal vein occlusion (P>0.05). Conclusion  There is a close relationship between the hyperlipidemia and the incidence of retinal vein occlusion.

    Application of a hybrid ultrasound mode in phacoemulsification  cataract  surgery
    LI Linlin1, LI Jianping2, ZHENG Min2, WANG Qiaorong2, ZHANG Suo tao2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2010, 24(01):  47-50. 
    Abstract ( 1378 )   PDF (365KB) ( 1278 )   Save
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    Objective  To study the efficiency and safety of a hybrid  ultrasound power mode. Methods  The age-related cataracts were randomly divided into reciprocating the phacoemulsification  mode (conventional ultrasound mode group )and the torsional combined with reciprocating phacoemulsification mode (hybrid mode group) and the torsional mode group. The intraoperative data of Ultrasound Time (UST) and Cumulative Dissipated Energy (CDE) were measured and compared. Postoperative outcome measures including corneal clarity, the best corrected visual acuity (BCVA), central endothelial corneal cell counts, and the corneal endothelial cells loss rate were also measured and compared. Results  The differences among the three groups in the UST、 CDE、 degree of postoperative corneal edema、 the best-corrected visual acuity(BCVA)of postoperative 1 day and 7 days、 corneal endothelial counts and corneal endothelial of postoperative 7 days and 30 days showed significant differences (P<0.05). There were no differences between the hybrid mode group and the torsional mode group(P>0.05). Conclusion  The hybrid  ultrasound mode is similar to the torsional mode, which not only can reduce  intra-operative ultrasound energy and ultrasonic time, but also can improve the emulsification efficiency and significantly reduce  intraocular trauma. The hybrid ultrasound mode  is safer and more effective than the conventional ultrasound mode, which is superior to the torsional mode in reducing blocked pipes and mitigating the anterior chamber pipe fog.

    The relative factors and treatment of the low-tension shallow anterior chamber after anti-glaucoma surgery
    XU Lianchang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2010, 24(01):  51-53. 
    Abstract ( 1623 )   PDF (331KB) ( 1178 )   Save
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    Objective   To explore the correlative factor and treatment of postoperative the low-tension shallow anterior chamber.  Methods  Retrospectively the incidence of  the  postoperative low-tension shallow anterior chamber in 315 patients with trabeculectomy and 39 patients with iridencleisis,  the relationship of the postoperative low-tension shallow anterior chamber with the preoperative intraocular pressure, surgical method, leakage of conjunctive incision, strong  filtration and detachment of chnorioid postoperatively were analyzed. Results  All of the postoperative low-tension shallow anterior chambers occurred in 68 eyes (16.13%). 16 eyes had  low-tension shallow anterior chamber of 201 eyes with equal or below 21 mmHg preoperative intraocular pressure, in which 16 of 185 eyes (8.65%) with trabeculectomy occurred and 0 in 16 eyes (0.00%) whit iridencleisis occurred. 28 of 126 eyes (22.22%) with preoperative intraocular pressure of 22-30 mmHg occurred, in which 27 of 114 eyes (23.68%) whit trabeculectomy occurred and 1 of 12 eyes (8.33%) whit iridencleisis occurred. 26 of 72 eyes (36.11%) with preoperative intraocular pressure of 31-40 mmHg occurred, in which 25 of 65 eyes (38.46%) whit trabeculectomy occurred and 1 of 7 eyes (14.29%) whit iridencleisis occurred. 8 of 18 eyes (44.44%) with over 40 mmHg preoperative intraocular pressure occurred, in which 7 of 14 eyes (50.00%) whit trabeculectomy occurred and 1 of 4 eyes (25.00%) whit iridencleisis occurred. 11 eyes (16.18%) were because of conjunctive leakage postoperatively. 38 eyes (55.88%) were because of much more filtering. 7 eyes (10.29%) were because of  the detachment of chorioid . The other 12 eyes had no obvious causes. Conclusion  Shallow anterior chamber after anti-gluacoma surgery had a relationship to many kinds of factors. ① Higher  incidence of  the low-tension shallow anterior chamber with  higher preoperative intraocular pressure. ② Lower incidence with the iridencleisis than  trabeculectomy. ③Strong filtration had the highest rate.

    Study of the mechanism of traumatic myopia in teenagers using ultrasound bio-microscopy
    ZHU Zicheng, KE GenJie, PAN Hongbiao
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2010, 24(01):  54. 
    Abstract ( 1672 )   PDF (347KB) ( 984 )   Save
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    Objective  To approach the mechanisms of traumatic myopia using ultrasound biomicroscopy(UBM).  Methods  24 cases(26 eyes) with blunt eye trauma were included in this study. Refraction and lens thickness were measured respectively with an autorefractometer and A-scan ultrasoundgraphy in the acute(3 days after blunt eye injury) and convalescent stages(2 weeks after injury). The cornea thickness(CT), central anterior chamber depth(CACD), trabecular ciliary process distance (TCPD), A-angle(AA) and the T values(TV) were measured by ultrasound bio-microscopy (UBM). 20 normal eyes as the control group were measured twice as  mentioned above. Results  The refraction, lens thickness, anterior chamber depth, TCPD, A-angle and T values had statistical difference between the acute and convalescent stages(P<0.05) but cornea thickness had no change(P>0.05).  Conclusion  The mechanisms in traumatic myopia are related with ciliary spasm, shallower anterior chamber and thickened lens. But primitive factors resulting in these changes are diffuse edema of the ciliary body and anterior rotation of the entire ciliary body. UBM can measure  pathological changes in traumatic myopia and has important clinical value.

    Comparison of wave-front aberration changes in  iris-recognition combined with wavefront-guided LASIK and Planoscan-LASIK
    JI Peng, BI Hongsheng, WANG Xingrong, MA Xiaohua, LI Haiyan,WANG Baojing, WANG Guimin, FAN Hua
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2010, 24(01):  57-60. 
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    Objective  To evaluate the change of wave-front aberration 6 months after iris-recognition combined with wave-front-guided LASIK and Planoscan-LASIK for myopic astigmatism. Methods  In this prospective contrast study,97 patients (194 eyes) with myopic astigmatism were divided into two groups: the Zyoptix group (49 patients, 98eyes) accepted iris-recognition combined with wave-front-guided LASIK and the  Planoscan group (48 patients, 96 eyes) accepted Planoscan-LASIK. By comparing the collected data of diopter and wave-front aberration of the two groups, the influence of the two kinds of operations on wave-front aberration were studied. Results  The preoperative refraction and wave-front aberration of the  Zyoptix  group and  the  Planoscan group were not significantly different  There were significant differences in refraction and wave-front aberration between the two groups 6 months after operation, but no significant differences were found in the 3rd coma aberration and spherical-degree. Conclusions  Iris-recognition combined with wavefront-guided LASIK for myopic astigmatism is superior to PlanoscanLASIK,

    Effects of heating coagulation of the middle meningeal artery on c-fos expression in the trigeminal  caudalis nucleus in migrainerats triggered by nitroglycerin
    ZHU Xiaofeng1, HAN Yuechen1, XIONG Wenping1, LU Sumei2, LI Jianfeng2,WANG Haibo1,2, FAN Zhaomin1 
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2010, 24(01):  61-64. 
    Abstract ( 1360 )   PDF (503KB) ( 1366 )   Save
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    Objective  To detect the influence of heating coagulation of the middle meningeal artery on c-fos expression in the trigeminal  caudalis nucleus in migraine rats triggered by nitroglycerin. Methods  Forty-eight female Wistar rats were randomly assigned to four groups, the isotonic saline group (group A), the nitroglycerin group (group B), the operation group (group C), and the sham operation group (group D), with 12 subjects in each group and each group was subdivided into another two equal groups after successfully constructing  the animal model. C-fos expression in the trigeminal caudalis nucleus  was detected by means of  RT-PCR and  Western blot respectively. Results  Injection of 10mg/kg nitroglycerin was able to trigger the animal model of migraine as evidenced by the appearances of a series of symptoms, such as   frequently head scratching, climbing the cage and  red ear. The scores of these behaviors for each group were respectively 2.33±0.74, 39.57±5.44, 37.87±4.68, 15.6±3.30. At the same time,  c-fos expressionsin the trigeminal caudalis nucleu  in group B, group C, or group D was significantly increased  compared with that of group A (P<0.05). More importantly,  c-fos expression in the trigeminal caudalis  nucleus in group D was much lower than that in group B and group C (P<0.05), but there was no statistical difference between group B and group C (P>0.05). Conclusions  Results show that heat coagulation of the middle meningeal artery may attenuate head complaint of rats induced by nitroglycerin,  and it is concluded that the middle meningeal artery plays a primary role in the pathophysiology of the rat migraine model triggered by nitroglycerin and the efficacy may play a part in decreasing c-fos expression and containing activation of neurons in the trigeminal caudalis nucleus .

    Dexamethasone use to reduce pain after tonsillectomy in adults
    LIANG Hui1, PAN Xinliang1, WANG Qirong2, HAN Fei2, CUI Zhaoyang2, YU Shudong2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2010, 24(01):  65. 
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    Objective  To investigate the effect of dexamethasone to reduce pain after tonsillectomy in adults.  Methods  In this study, 97 adults were randomly assigned to receive dexamethasone. All patients were asked to note the level of pain during oral intake after operation. Results  Compared with the control group, the patients who received dexamethasone had significantly less pain score during the first 5 days after operation(P<0.01). No difference was found in the 6th and 7th days between the two groups. Conclusion  Postoperative dexamethasone use significantly reduces early post-tonsillectomy pain.

    Experimental study of the osseointegration of dental implants after osteotome maxillary sinus elevation in mini-pigs with maxillary sinus mucosa perforation
    LIU Gangli1, MA Yue1, SHAO Shan2, XU Xin1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2010, 24(01):  67-70. 
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    Objective  To observe the osseointegration of dental implants embedded in  mini-pigs after osteotome maxillary sinus elevation with  maxillary sinus mucosa perforation, and the effect of the biological membrane. Methods  In this study, 6 BLB dental implants were placed in 3 mini pig′s bilateral postmaxilla. The 6 implant places were randomly divided into three groups: ①group A:  the maxillary sinus mucosa was broken and placement was simultaneously implanted;②group B: the maxillary sinus mucosa was broken and placement was synchronously implanted and membranes added ;③control group: the maxillary sinus mucosa was not broken. The animals were sacrificed 6 months postoperative, digital panoramic examination was used and the postmortem specimens were examined grossly and histologically. Results  There was no difference between the control group and the experimental groups, and no significant difference between  group A and  group B. Conclusions  Maxillary sinus mucosa perforation does not affect the osseointegration of the implant.