Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 71-77.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.581

Previous Articles     Next Articles

Research progress on the signal transduction pathway and other factors related to epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in chronic rhinosinusitis

QIAO XinjieOverview   

  1. ZHAO YulinGuidance Department of Rhinology, The First Affiliated Hospital of Zhengzhou University, Zhengzhou 450052, Henan, China
  • Published:2022-06-15

Abstract: Chronic rhinosinusitis is a chronic inflammatory disease of the nasal cavity and sinus mucosa. Although it can be caused by many factors, its pathogenesis and pathophysiological process remain unknown. Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation has been found to be an important factor in mucosal tissue remodeling of the nasal sinus and development of chronic rhinosinusitis. Furthermore, studies have shown that different types of chronic rhinosinusitis have different characteristics of epithelial-mesenchymal transformation. This article reviews recent research progress on the study of signal transduction pathways and other factors related to epithelial-mesenchymal transformation in chronic rhinosinusitis.

Key words: Chronic rhinosinusitis, Epithelial-mesenchymal transformation, Signal transduction pathway

CLC Number: 

  • R765.41
[1] 周梦夏, 孙作珩, 查旭东, 等. 基质金属蛋白酶及抑制剂影响细胞外基质代谢参与慢性鼻-鼻窦炎组织重塑的机制研究[J]. 中国耳鼻咽喉颅底外科杂志, 2020, 26(6): 717-720. doi:10.11798/j.issn.1007-1520.202006025. ZHOU Mengxia, SUN Zuoheng, ZHA Xudong, et al. Advances in the mechanism of matrix metalloproteinases and inhibitors affecting extracellular matrix metabolism and participating in CRS tissue remodeling[J]. Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology-Skull Base Surgery, 2020, 26(6): 717-720. doi:10.11798/j.issn.1007-1520.202006025.
[2] 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志编辑委员会鼻科组, 中华医学会耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学分会鼻科学组. 中国慢性鼻窦炎诊断和治疗指南(2018)[J]. 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2019, 54(2): 81-100. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2019.02.001.
[3] Lehmann AE, Scangas GA, Bergmark RW, et al. Periostin and inflammatory disease: implications for chronic rhinosinusitis[J]. Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2019, 160(6): 965-973. doi:10.1177/0194599819838782.
[4] Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Mullol J, et al. EPOS 2012: European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2012. A summary for otorhinolaryngologists[J]. Rhinology, 2012, 50(1): 1-12. doi:10.4193/Rhino12.000.
[5] Fokkens WJ, Lund VJ, Hopkins C, et al. European position paper on rhinosinusitis and nasal polyps 2020[J]. Rhinology, 2020, 58(Suppl S29): 1-464. doi:10.4193/Rhin20.600.
[6] Shi JB, Fu QL, Zhang H, et al. Epidemiology of chronic rhinosinusitis: results from a cross-sectional survey in seven Chinese cities[J]. Allergy, 2015, 70(5): 533-539. doi:10.1111/all.12577.
[7] 蒋子涵, 孟娟. 慢性鼻窦炎内在型研究进展[J]. 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2020, 34(1): 13-18. doi:10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2020.01.004. JIANG Zihan, MENG Juan. Advances in the endotypes of chronic rhinosinusitis[J]. Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 2020, 34(1): 13-18. doi:10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2020.01.004.
[8] Bae JS, Ryu G, Kim JH, et al. Effects of Wnt signaling on epithelial to mesenchymal transition in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyp[J]. Thorax, 2020, 75(11): 982-993. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2019-213916.
[9] Ryu G, Mo JH, Shin HW. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in neutrophilic chronic rhinosinusitis[J]. Curr Opin Allergy Clin Immunol, 2020, 21(1): 30-37. doi:10.1097/aci.0000000000000701.
[10] Laidlaw TM, Mullol J, Woessner KM, et al. Chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and asthma[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol Pract, 2021, 9(3): 1133-1141. doi:10.1016/j.jaip.2020.09.063.
[11] Schleimer RP. Immunopathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis and nasal polyposis[J]. Annu Rev Pathol, 2017, 12: 331-357. doi:10.1146/annurev-pathol-052016-100401.
[12] 徐艳. 金黄色葡萄球菌附属基因调节系统对毒力和耐药性的影响研究进展[J]. 国际儿科学杂志, 2020, 47(1): 1-4. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2020.01.001. XU Yan. Impact of Staphylococcus aureus accessory gene regulator system on virulence and antibiotic resistance[J]. International Journal of Pediatrics, 2020, 47(1): 1-4. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4408.2020.01.001.
[13] 吴玉彬, 周兵. 慢性鼻-鼻窦炎患者鼻腔微生物群的研究概况[J]. 国际耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2017, 41(2): 80-84, 93. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4106.2017.02.006. WU Yubin, ZHOU Bing. The sinonasal microbiome of chronic rhinosinusitis[J]. International Journal of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2017, 41(2): 80-84, 93. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-4106.2017.02.006.
[14] Scherzad A, Hagen R, Hackenberg S. Current understanding of nasal epithelial cell mis-differentiation[J]. J Inflamm Res, 2019, 12: 309-317. doi:10.2147/JIR.S180853.
[15] 陈卓, 刘江怡, 陈杰, 等. 上皮细胞在鼻息肉形成和发展中的作用[J]. 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2020, 34(11): 1053-1056. doi:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2020.11.024. CHEN Zhuo, LIU Jiangyi, CHEN Jie, et al. The role of epithelial cells in the formation and development of nasal polyps[J]. Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 2020, 34(11): 1053-1056. doi:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2020.11.024.
[16] Cheng JZ, Chen JJ, Zhao Y, et al. microRNA-761 suppresses remodeling of nasal mucosa and epithelial-mesenchymal transition in mice with chronic rhinosinusitis through LCN2[J]. Stem Cell Res Ther, 2020, 11(1): 151. doi:10.1186/s13287-020-01598-7.
[17] Wang MJ, Sun Y, Li C, et al. Eosinophils correlate with epithelial-mesenchymal transition in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps[J]. ORL J Otorhinolaryngol Relat Spec, 2022, 84(1): 70-80. doi:10.1159/000516847.
[18] Kao SS, Bassiouni A, Ramezanpour M, et al. Scoping review of chronic rhinosinusitis proteomics[J]. Rhinology, 2020, 58(5): 418-429. doi:10.4193/Rhin20.034.
[19] Dongre A, Weinberg RA. New insights into the mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition and implications for cancer[J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2019, 20(2): 69-84. doi:10.1038/s41580-018-0080-4.
[20] Zhang Y, Weinberg RA. Epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition in cancer: complexity and opportunities[J]. Front Med, 2018, 12(4): 361-373. doi:10.1007/s11684-018-0656-6.
[21] Kagalwalla AF, Akhtar N, Woodruff SA, et al. Eosinophilic esophagitis: epithelial mesenchymal transition contributes to esophageal remodeling and reverses with treatment[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2012, 129(5): 1387-1396.e7. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2012.03.005.
[22] 高云博, 张媛, 张罗. 上皮-间质转化与慢性鼻窦炎的研究进展[J]. 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2019, 54(3): 231-236. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2019.03.015. GAO Yunbo, ZHANG Yuan, ZHANG Luo. Advance in epithelial-mesenchymal transition in chronic rhinosinusitis[J]. Chinese Journal of Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 2019, 54(3): 231-236. doi:10.3760/cma.j.issn.1673-0860.2019.03.015.
[23] Lamouille S, Xu J, Derynck R. Molecular mechanisms of epithelial-mesenchymal transition[J]. Nat Rev Mol Cell Biol, 2014, 15(3): 178-196. doi:10.1038/nrm3758.
[24] 李艺敏, 谭国静, 江雨, 等. TGF-β1/Smads通路在体外培养的鼻息肉组织重构中的作用[J]. 上海交通大学学报(医学版), 2019, 39(7): 737-743. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.07.008. LI Yimin, TAN Guojing, JIANG Yu, et al. Role of TGF-β1/Smads signaling pathway in tissue remodeling of cultured nasal polyps in vitro[J]. Journal of Shanghai Jiao Tong University(Medical Science), 2019, 39(7): 737-743. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1674-8115.2019.07.008.
[25] Ikushima H, Miyazono K. TGFbeta signalling: a complex web in cancer progression[J]. Nat Rev Cancer, 2010, 10(6): 415-424. doi:10.1038/nrc2853.
[26] 陈希琦, 张晓双, 周永坤, 等. TGF-β1/Smads信号通路在纤维化疾病中的研究进展[J]. 中国中西医结合外科杂志, 2021, 27(2): 351-354. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-6948.2021.02.037.
[27] Morikawa M, Derynck R, Miyazono K. TGF-β and the TGF-β family: context-dependent roles in cell and tissue physiology[J]. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, 2016, 8(5): a021873. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a021873.
[28] Hu HH, Chen DQ, Wang YN, et al. New insights into TGF-β/Smad signaling in tissue fibrosis[J]. Chem Biol Interact, 2018, 292: 76-83. doi:10.1016/j.cbi.2018.07.008.
[29] Hata A, Chen YG. TGF-β signaling from receptors to smads[J]. Cold Spring Harb Perspect Biol, 2016, 8(9): a022061. doi:10.1101/cshperspect.a022061.
[30] 张炳煌, 朱旭丽, 高静. 脂氧素A4及脂氧素A4受体在慢性鼻-鼻窦炎上皮-间质转化中的作用[J]. 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科, 2021, 28(6): 370-374. doi:10.16066/j.1672-7002.2021.06.012. ZHANG Binghuang, ZHU Xuli, GAO Jing. The effect of lipoxin A4 and lipoxin A4 receptor in the epithelial-mesenchymal transition of chronic rhinosinusitis[J]. Chinese Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2021, 28(6): 370-374. doi:10.16066/j.1672-7002.2021.06.012.
[31] Zhong Y, Li YQ, Zhang H. Silencing TBX1 exerts suppressive effects on epithelial-mesenchymal transition and inflammation of chronic rhinosinusitis through inhibition of the TGFβ-Smad2/3 signaling pathway in mice[J]. Am J Rhinol Allergy, 2020, 34(1): 16-25. doi:10.1177/1945892419866543.
[32] Yan B, Wang Y, Li Y, et al. Inhibition of arachidonate 15-lipoxygenase reduces the epithelial-mesenchymal transition in eosinophilic chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps[J]. Int Forum Allergy Rhinol, 2019, 9(3): 270-280. doi:10.1002/alr.22243.
[33] Bachert C, Zhang L, Gevaert P. Current and future treatment options for adult chronic rhinosinusitis: focus on nasal polyposis[J]. J Allergy Clin Immunol, 2015, 136(6): 1431-1440. doi:10.1016/j.jaci.2015.10.010.
[34] 侯从岭, 雷小婷, 芦晓帆, 等. 黄芩苷对肺癌H460细胞生物学特性及Wnt/β-catenin信号通路的影响[J]. 中国老年学杂志, 2022, 42(2): 426-430. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1005-9202.2022.02.043.
[35] 何语欣, 杨兀乂, 严海燕. Wnt信号通路与气管损伤相关性的研究进展[J]. 医学分子生物学杂志, 2021, 18(5): 405-408. doi:10.3870/j.issn.1672-8009.2021.05.014. HE Yuxin, YANG Wuyi, YAN Haiyan. Correlation between Wnt signaling pathway and tracheal injury[J]. Journal of Medical Molecular Biology, 2021, 18(5): 405-408. doi:10.3870/j.issn.1672-8009.2021.05.014.
[36] George SJ. Wnt pathway: a new role in regulation of inflammation[J]. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol, 2008, 28(3): 400-402. doi:10.1161/ATVBAHA.107.160952.
[37] Bansal K, Trinath J, Chakravortty D, et al. Withdrawal: Pathogen-specific TLR2 protein activation programs macrophages to induce Wnt-β-catenin signaling[J]. J Biol Chem, 2019, 294(50): 19450. doi:10.1074/jbc.W119.011944.
[38] Mukherjee T, Balaji KN. The WNT framework in shaping immune cell responses during bacterial infections[J]. Front Immunol, 2019, 10: 1985. doi:10.3389/fimmu.2019.01985.
[39] De A. Wnt/Ca2+ signaling pathway: a brief overview[J]. Acta Biochim Biophys Sin(Shanghai), 2011, 43(10): 745-756. doi:10.1093/abbs/gmr079.
[40] Baarsma HA, Königshoff M. ‘WNT-er is coming’: WNT signalling in chronic lung diseases[J]. Thorax, 2017, 72(8): 746-759. doi:10.1136/thoraxjnl-2016-209753.
[41] 吴俊华, 孔维佳, 俞艳萍. Wnt5A在鼻息肉组织中的表达[J]. 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2010, 24(23): 1064-1067. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1781.2010.23.004. WU Junhua, KONG Weijia, YU Yanping. Up-regulation of Wnt5A in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps[J]. Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 2010, 24(23): 1064-1067. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-1781.2010.23.004.
[42] Cheng JZ, Yang JP, Xue K, et al. Desmoglein 3 silencing inhibits inflammation and goblet cell mucin secretion in a mouse model of chronic rhinosinusitis via disruption of the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway[J]. Inflammation, 2019, 42(4): 1370-1382. doi:10.1007/s10753-019-00998-z.
[43] Bruchhage KL, Koennecke M, Drenckhan M, et al. 1, 8-cineol inhibits the Wnt/β-catenin signaling pathway through GSK-3 dephosphorylation in nasal polyps of chronic rhinosinusitis patients[J]. Eur J Pharmacol, 2018, 835: 140-146. doi:10.1016/j.ejphar.2018.07.060.
[44] Vetuschi A, Pompili S, di Marco GP, et al. Can the AGE/RAGE/ERK signalling pathway and the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition interact in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps?[J]. Eur J Histochem, 2020, 64(1): 3079.doi:10.4081/ejh.2020.3079.
[45] Min HJ, Choe JW, Kim KS, et al. High-mobility group box 1 protein induces epithelialmesenchymal transition in upper airway epithelial cells[J]. Rhinology, 2020, 58(5): 495-505. doi:10.4193/Rhin18.281.
[46] 王重阳, 金海南, 刘思奇, 等. IL-17A通过p38MAPK/ERK1/2信号通路上调慢性鼻窦炎患者MMP-9的表达[J]. 中国病理生理杂志, 2021, 37(11): 2031-2037. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4718.2021.11.015. WANG Chongyang, JIN Hainan, LIU Siqi, et al. IL-17A up-regulates expression of MMP-9 in patients with chronic rhino? sinusitis through p38 MAPK/ERK1/2 signaling pathway[J]. Chinese Journal of Pathophysiology, 2021, 37(11): 2031-2037. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1000-4718.2021.11.015.
[47] Guo GC, Wang JX, Han ML, et al. microRNA-761 induces aggressive phenotypes in triple-negative breast cancer cells by repressing TRIM29 expression[J]. Cell Oncol(Dordr), 2017, 40(2): 157-166. doi:10.1007/s13402-016-0312-6.
[48] Hao WW, Zhu YP, Guo Y, et al. miR-1287-5p upregulation inhibits the EMT and pro-inflammatory cytokines in LPS-induced human nasal epithelial cells(HNECs)[J]. Transpl Immunol, 2021, 68: 101429. doi:10.1016/j.trim.2021.101429.
[49] Li X, Li C, Zhu GH, et al. TGF-β1 induces epithelial-mesenchymal transition of chronic sinusitis with nasal polyps through microRNA-21[J]. Int Arch Allergy Immunol, 2019, 179(4): 304-319. doi:10.1159/000497829.
[50] Shi LL, Xiong P, Zhang L, et al. Features of airway remodeling in different types of Chinese chronic rhinosinusitis are associated with inflammation patterns[J]. Allergy, 2013, 68(1): 101-109. doi:10.1111/all.12064.
[51] Wang LF, Chien CY, Tai CF, et al. Matrix metalloproteinase-9 gene polymorphisms in nasal polyposis[J]. BMC Med Genet, 2010, 11: 85. doi:10.1186/1471-2350-11-85.
[52] Chiarella E, Lombardo N, Lobello N, et al. Nasal polyposis: insights in epithelial-mesenchymal transition and differentiation of polyp mesenchymal stem cells[J]. Int J Mol Sci, 2020, 21(18): E6878. doi:10.3390/ijms21186878.
[53] Lee MY, Kim DW, Khalmuratova R, et al. The IFN-γ-p38, ERK kinase axis exacerbates neutrophilic chronic rhinosinusitis by inducing the epithelial-to-mesenchymal transition[J]. Mucosal Immunol, 2019, 12(3): 601-611. doi:10.1038/s41385-019-0149-1.
[1] AO Tian,CHENG Lei. An endotype study of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps and precise control and treatment under the guidance [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(3): 7-14.
[2] YAO Shuang,LOU Hongfei. Advances in endotypes and precision medicine in chronic rhinosinusitis [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(3): 20-29.
[3] SHI Shuai, ZHENG Quan,CHENG Lei. Research advances of dupilumab in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(3): 36-42.
[4] WANG Huan, HU Li,YU Hongmeng. Research progress of olfactory dysfunction in chronic rhinosinusitis [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(3): 43-49.
[5] YI Ruonan,CHEN Fuquan. Eosinophils and Olfactory Dysfunction [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(3): 50-55.
[6] GU Yu, WAN Xin,XIAO Zi'an. The interaction between neutrophils and eosinophils in chronic rhinosinusitis and the implications on treatment options [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(3): 56-63.
[7] LIN Hai, ZHU Ying,ZHANG Weitian. The roles of ion channels in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(3): 64-70.
[8] HUANG Danyi, ZHANG Ting,CHEN Jing, ZHANG Wei. Progress of research regarding the role of the epithelial barrier in chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(3): 78-83.
[9] LI Jiani, ZHU Dongdong,MENG Cuida. The role of epigenetics in the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(3): 84-91.
[10] CAO Xuan,XIAO Xuping, LI Yunqiu. Advances in the application of hyaluronic acid in chronic sinusitis [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(3): 104-109.
[11] WANG Na,CHAI Xiangbin. Research progress on prostate-derived ETS factor in asthma and inflammatory diseases of the nasal mucosa [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(3): 136-141.
[12] LIU Yitong, ZHOU Suizi,QIU Qianhui. Research progress on NLRP3 inflammasome in chronic rhinosinusitis and allergic rhinitis [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(3): 142-146.
[13] LI Lin, GAO Zhengwen, CUI Nan, SUN Jianping, HUANG Xianming, CUI Jing. Bioinformatics analysis of gene expression profile in pediatric patients with chronic rhinosinusitis [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(3): 171-180.
[14] CHEN Shiqin, WEI Pingcun, HU Yunlong, HU Jinwang. Effects of three different nasal uses of glucocorticoid on mucosal outcome after endoscopic sinus surgery [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(3): 195-201.
[15] LIN Manqing, ZHOU Min, CHEN Tengyu, LI-Dan, FANG Caishan, WANG Ruizhi, ZHU Jinxiang, RUAN-Yan, XU Huixian, WANG Peiyuan. Meta-analysis of the efficacy and safety of traditional Chinese medicine for nasal irrigation in the treatment of chronic rhinosinusitis [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(3): 209-225.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited

  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] HE Shou-huan,CHEN Bin,YIN Shan-kai,SU Kai-ming,JIANG Xiao . Morphological changes of the upper airway in OSAHS patients with UPPP
[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2008, 22(5): 385 -388 .
[2] SONG Xi-cheng,ZHANG Qing-quan,XIA Yong-hong,LIU Lu-yi, YU Lu-xin,WANG Gao,JIANG Xiu-liang . Post-operative ICU monitoring and nursing for patients with OSAHS[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2008, 22(5): 389 -392 .
[3] XUE Wei-guo,SUN Jie,JIN Zheng,SHI Wen-bin,XIN Lu,LIN Guo-Jing,LI Jia-yun . [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2006, 20(4): 300 -303 .
[4] ZHANG Qing-quan,LI Xin-min,WANG Qiang,WANG Yong-fu . Some experience of the endoscopy treatment of maxillary sinus lesion with the canine tooth fossa approach[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2007, 21(1): 38 -39 .
[5] DONG Pin,LI Xiao-yan,TU Li-qiang,MENG Qing-hong,WANG Sang,XIE Jin,JIANG Yan . Reconstruction for advanced hypopharyngeal carcinoma and laryngeal recurrent carcinoma[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2007, 21(5): 385 -387 .
[6] JIANG Shao-hong,ZHU Yu-hong,WANG Qiang,SONG Xi-cheng . Intractable primary epistaxis: a report of 101 cases[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2007, 21(6): 542 -544 .
[7] . [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2008, 22(1): 74 -77 .
[8] LEIXun, LIU Qianghe, KONG Zhongyu, XIANG Qiu, GENG WANping, HUANG Hui, DONG Yiyuan, LIU Fangxian. ARelationship between expression of Survivin and radiosensitization effect of EGCG in xenotransplanted nasopharyngeal carcinoma[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2009, 23(1): 6 -9 .
[9] . [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2009, 23(2): 73 -74 .
[10] . [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2010, 24(01): 29 -33 .