Table of Content

16 June 2017 Volume 31 Issue 3

  

Research progresses on allergic rhinitis.

CHENG Lei, QIAN Junjun, TIAN Huiqin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  1-3.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.021

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Pharmacotherapeutic strategies for allergic rhinitis:Ithe importance of individualization and normalization.

XU Yu， TAO Zezhang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  4-8.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.138

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The prevalence of allergic rhinitis has increased in recently years. Pharmacotherapy is the main method to control the symptoms for the treatment of allergic rhinitis. A wide array of medical treatment options is available. Each drug has a different effect and speciality. Algorithms for management of allergic rhinitis AR and selection of drug should be based on each patients specific symptoms, and the presence of any comorbidities. Patient should be monitored to assess symptom control, therapy adjustment(step up/step down)is also needed.

Long-term anti-inflammatory treatment of allergic rhinitis.

SHI Li, ZHAO Li, ZHANG Hongping

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  9-12.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.184

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In Symptom-free patients with allergies, a subclinical inflammatory state has been described, in which subthreshold doses of an allergen have been found to cause inflammatory cell infiltration into the nasal mucosa. This includes increases in the levels of cellular adhesion molecules, nasal and conjunctival eosinophilia, and other markers of inflammation, which do not result in overt allergic symptoms. While allergic rhinitis(AR)treatment is typically guided by the need to reduce symptoms, the treatment strategies that reduce inflammation during asymptomatic periods may have positive effects on the onset, progression, and severity of AR. Therefore, treatment options that target underlying inflammation along with symptom relief should be considered. There are three major classes of commonly used AR medications, namely, intranasal corticosteroids, antihistamines, and antileukotrienes. Among these, intranasal corticosteroids appear to be the most reasonable therapeutic option in patients who would benefit from continuous inhibition of persistent inflammation.

Clinical applicationof rush immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis.

ZHU Xinhua

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  13-17.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.216

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In rush immunotherapy for allergic rhinitis, the dosage of allergen is increased in a short time, and this can enhance the efficacy of the treatment. However, owing to concerns regarding its safety, it has been rarely clinically applied. In this paper, a literature review about the clinical application of rush immunotherapy has been conducted to explore and analyze the feasibility of this treatment.

Surgical treatment of refractory allergic rhinitis.

LIU Huaitao, MA Ruixia, CHENG Lei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  18-21.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.020

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Some clinicians have been using surgical intervention as an alternative routine to treat refractory allergic rhinitis with two approaches: one to correct abnormal structures of the nasal cavity, such as septoplasty and inferior turbinate volume reduction surgery; the another approach is intended to reduce the hypersensitivity of the nasal mucosa to abnormal stimulation, such as neurectomy mainly includes vidian neurectomy and posterior nasal neurectomy. Based on the literature review and the clinical guidelines, some surgical treatment methods for refractory allergic rhinitis are introduced in this article.

Nasal irrigation and its role in the treatment of allergic rhinitis.

GUAN Kai, LI Lisha

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  22-27.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.151

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Nasal irrigation is a safe, convenient, well-tolerated, and easy-to-accept local physical therapy for the supplementary treatment of allergic rhinitis(AR). It improves the rheological properties of mucus, and opens the nasal passage by removing allergens and inflammatory mucins to improve mucociliary function. Common nasal irrigation devices comprise a sprayer, an atomizer, and a squeeze-bottle. Washing liquid contains sodium, magnesium, zinc, calcium, potassium, and bicarbonate ions, all of which play an important role in the epithelial cells. At a pH<7 or pH>10, washing liquid inhibits ciliary beat-frequency, and saccharin tests have confirmed that 3%-5% washing liquid enhances nasal mucociliary clearance in healthy subjects, whilst washing liquid heated to 40 ℃ significantly reduces AR visual analog scale scores as well as histamine release. Seawater, in particular, significantly increases cell growth, more than saline or diluted seawater. Sodium pyruvate has both antioxidant and anti-inflammatory effects, thus nasal spray containing sodium pyruvate serves to both alleviate the symptoms of conjunctivitis in seasonal AR patients as well as reduce the requirement for nasal corticosteroids. Therefore, nasal irrigation can help reduce the amount of AR drugs needed.

Treatment of allergic rhinitis using syndrome differentiation based on the concept of “holism” in TCM.

LIU Jing

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  28-30.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.113

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Allergic rhinitis belongs to the category of “Bi Qiu” in traditional Chinese medicine. The pathogenesis of allergic rhinitis is associated with qi-deficiencies of the lung, spleen, and kidney, and it is indicated in wind chill. Among these, lung deficiency is the most important pattern associated with allergic rhinitis. Allergic rhinitis is categorized into episodes and in remission for syndrome differentiation and treatment. Disease episodes are treated according to the four patterns of syndrome—deficiency of the lung and spleen, muggy in lung channel, deficiency of the spleen and kidney, and evil hide in shaoyang. In remission, interventions at the key time nodes(such as the winter solstice, summer solstice, vernal equinox, and autumn equinox)constitute preventive treatment for the disease. Simultaneously, application of other external treatment strategies such as acupuncture and point-application aid in treating the disease. In addition, allergic rhinitis can also be prevented by maintaining a healthy balance in diets, daily life, emotions, and other factors.

Allergic conjunctivitis: diagnosis and treatment.

JIE Ying, LU Hongshuang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  31-36.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.174

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Allergic conjunctivitis is a common ocular disease, including seasonal allergic conjunctivitis(SAC), perennial allergic conjunctivitis(PAC), vernal keratoconjunctivitis(VKC), atopic keratoconjunctivitis(AKC), and giant papillary conjunctivitis(GPC). Allergic conjunctivitis can affect patients’ qualify of life and might even lead to blindness in severe conditions. Recently, many studies have reported new strategies for the diagnosis of allergic conjunctivitis, which include tear cytology and detection of allergen-specific IgE in tears, as well as other molecular tests. New types of immunomodulators are of great help in treating severe cases, and allergen-specific immunotherapy is gaining momentum for the management of SAC and PAC.

Preventive treatment for seasonal allergic rhinitis.

LIU Ying, YE Xiaojing, ZHAO Cunli, JI Qing, HUANG Qian

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  37-40.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.108

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Objective To observe the effect of different drugs in preventing seasonal allergic rhinitis(AR). Methods One hundred and twenty patients with seasonal AR were randomly divided into a Budesonide group, Fexofenadine group, Montelukast group, and control group. The first three groups(groups receiving preventive treatments)were treated with the corresponding drug two weeks before the period of typical symptom onset, while the control group underwent no treatment. The various symptoms, total symptoms, and rhinoconjunctival quality of life were evaluated two weeks before, two weeks after, and four weeks after commencing treatment. Results After two weeks of treatment and four weeks of treatment, the scores for all items in the groups receiving preventive treatment were lower than those of the control group(P<0.05). The nasal symptoms, total symptoms, and rhinoconjunctival quality life of the Budesonide group were lower than those of the other two treatment groups. The ocular symptom score of the Fexofenadine group was lower than those of the other two treatment groups. The nasal congestion symptom score of the Montelukast group was lower than that of the Fexofenadine group. Conclusion Administration of intranasal corticosteroids led to a significant improvement in all nasal symptoms, general symptoms, and quality of life, and may be used as the first choice preventive treatment. Patients with obvious ocular symptoms can be treated with second-generation oral antihistamines, while patients with more significant nasal obstruction may be treated with a combination of leukotriene receptor antagonists for preventive treatment.

Clinical analysis of pediatric allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in the southern region of Jiangsu Province.

XUE Jianrong, MA Jing, JIANG Xing, HU Zhibang

J Otolaryngol Ophthalmol Shandong Univ. 2017, 31(3):  41-46.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.012

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Objective To study the atopy spectrum and related factors in 1- to 14-year-old children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis from the southern region of Jiangsu Province, and to explore the relationship of allergic rhinoconjunctivitis with other allergic diseases. Methods Data from 114 children with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis from the southern region of Jiangsu Province(Suzhou, Wuxi, and Changzhou), aged between 1 and 14 years old and admitted to the Third Peoples Hospital of Changzhou between June 2015 and September 2015, were retrospectively reviewed. The data included patients age, sex, age at first symptom, duration of symptoms, allergic history of children, and allergic history of parents. Screening tests for inhalant and food allergens were conducted using an immunoblot assay with the Allergy Screen system. The total serum IgE level was also measured. The distribution of inhalant and food allergens was summarized. The influence of clinical characteristics was analyzed according to the allergen category and positivity for eczema, urticaria, or asthma. Logistic regression was used to analyze the relationships between clinical characteristics and the allergen spectrum. Results The total positive rate of the allergic screening tests was 89.47%(102∕114). The inhalant and food allergens accounted for 89.47%(102∕114)and 57.9%(66∕114), respectively, of the positive rates. The top four allergens were Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus(60.5%), mixed fungi(46.49%), milk(27.19%), and dog dander(22.81%). Among the patients, 88.6%(101∕114)were diagnosed with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, and the remaining patients were temporarily diagnosed with non-allergic rhinoconjunctivitis. Among the 102 patients with positive allergic screening tests, 27(26.5%)showed positivity for a single allergen and 75(73.5%)showed positivity for multiple allergens. Among 114 patients with allergic rhinoconjunctivitis, only 7(6.1%)showed a single 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报31卷3期 -薛建荣,等.苏南地区儿童变应性鼻结膜炎临床研究 \=-allergic disease, and 107(93.9%)showed other accompanying allergic diseases. The sequence of the combinations of allergic diseases was as follows:(AR+AC+AT+EC)>(AR+AC+EC)>(AR+AC)>(AR+AC+AT). Conclusion Inhalant allergens were the main causes of pediatric allergic rhinoconjunctivitis in the southern region of Jiangsu Province, wherein the positive rate was highest for Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus, followed by mixed fungi. Allergic sensitization in allergic rhinoconjunctivitis is the early and compound sensitization that results in the possibility of multiple allergic diseases.

The relationship between allergens and allergic conjunctivitis identified by a positive skin prick test.

YANG Shan， JIANG Yang， JIN Yumei， LI Ying

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  47-49.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.171

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Objective To detect the causative allergens of allergic conjunctivitis and analyze the relationship between these allergens and the clinical characteristics of allergic conjunctivitis. Methods The symptoms and signs from 40 cases of allergic conjunctivitis were evaluated and analyzed; the causative allergens were detected in all the cases using skin prick testing. Results Dust and pollen were found to be the most common allergens. There was a positive correlation among positive detection rate of allergens,the severity of symptoms and the age of the patients. Conclusion Dust and pollen were the main causative allergens in allergic conjunctivitis, and the types of allergens were found to be associated with the age of the patients. A higher positive detection rate of allergens indicated a higher risk of other allergic diseases.

Detection and analysis of serum immunoglobulin E levels in healthy volunteers from Jiangsu and Anhui.

WU Zhongfei, HUAI De, GUI Xiaozhong, ZHAO Xin, ZHOU Wencheng, YUAN Yuan, TIAN Huiqin, LU Meiping, CHENG Lei

J Otolaryngol Ophthalmol Shandong Univ. 2017, 31(3):  50-54.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2017.019

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Objective Serum total immunoglobulin E(tIgE)and allergen-specific immunoglobulin E(sIgE)levels were detected in a healthy population to evaluate their clinical value and significance. Methods A total of 379 healthy volunteers were recruited for this study, including 207 males and 172 females who were aged 17-64 years with a median age of 27 years old. All volunteers underwent a healthy physical examination in the Jiangsu or Anhui area. Serum levels of tIgE and sIgE were detected using a capture enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay and the enzyme-league immune method(Phadiatop), respectively. A tIgE level ≤100 kU/L was regarded negative, while a level >100 kU/L was regarded positive. For the sIgE level, Phadiatop values < 0.35 kU/L(class 0)were regarded negative, and values ≥0.35 kU/L(class ≥1)were positive. Data were analyzed using SPSS 18.0 software. A P-value less than 0.05 was 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报31卷3期 -吴中飞,等.苏皖地区健康人群血清免疫球蛋白E水平测定与分析 \=-considered statistically significant, with a correction of α=0.05/6(P< 0.008 3)in multiple comparisons. Results Among the 379 healthy volunteers, the tIgE serum level was 1.48-1 903.22(median 53.70)kU/L, and it was significantly higher in males than in females(P<0.001). The serum level of sIgE(Phadiatop)was 0.01-45.20(median 0.07)kUA/L, with no significant difference between males and females(P=0.207). tIgE was positive and negative in 129 subjects(34.04%)and 250 subjects(65.96%), respectively, and Phadiatop was positive and negative in 88 subjects(23.22%)and 291 subjects(76.78%), respectively. The serum level of tIgE was highest in the group that was 17-30 years old(median 62.18 kU/L, P=0.006)among the four age groups, especially in males(80.60 kU/L, P=0.009). No significant difference was fund in the serum level of sIgE among the four age groups(P=0.318). There were 67 subjects(76.14%)with a tIgE level > 100 kU/L in the positive sIgE group and 62 subjects(21.31%)with a tIgE level > 100 kU/L in the negative sIgE group. Moreover, in the negative tIgE group, the majority were negative for sIgE(91.60%, P<0.001). The Spearman rank correlation coefficient between serum tIgE and sIgE levels was 0.650, which was statistically significant(positive correlation, P<0.001). Conclusion There was a positive correlation between the serum levels of tIgE and sIgE in this healthy population from the Jiangsu and Anhui areas. A lower serum level of tIgE(less than 100 kU/L)may be a reference value to exclude allergic sensitization.

Immunocompetence of nasal epithelial cells in allergic rhinitis.

SHA Jichao, ZHANG Ce, ZHU Dongdong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  55-59.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.228

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Although much is known about the imbalance of Th1/Th2 in allergic rhinitis(AR), the role of nasal epithelial cells as the first line of mucosal defense against inhaled pathogens remains undefined, despite the growing concern surrounding it. We now realize that epithelial cells recognize allergens through expression of pattern-recognition receptors and then mount the innate and adaptive immune responses. Therefore, epithelial cells are crucial in determining the outcome of allergen inhalation in AR. Here, we will review the literature on immunocompetence of nasal epithelial cells in AR.

Research progress on the animal model of allergic rhinitis in traditional Chinese medicine.

LI Lizhu, WU Qing, YI Xin, TIAN Li

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  60-63.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2016.370

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Allergic rhinitis(AR)is one of the most common diseases of the otolaryngological department. The research on prevention and treatment of Traditional Chinese Medicine(TCM)function on AR had reached the stage of cytology as well as molecular.The establishment of syndrome differentiated animal model can enhance the connection between TCM basis and clinic. To establish an animal model which can reflect syndrome differentiation of human AR contributes to deeper study of function mechanism of prevention and treatment of TCM on AR.

Experiences of surgical treatment of complicated congenital preauricular fistula.

YI Xing, WU Xuewen, MEI Lingyun, HE Chufeng, JIANG Lu, CAI Xinzhang, TIAN Xiange, FENG Yong

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  64-67.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2016.382

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Objective To explore the surgical methods for complicated congenital preauricular fistula, so as to provide references for clinical treatment. Methods The clinical data of 71(80 ears)patients with complicated congenital preauricular fistula who were hospitalized in our hospital from May 2011 to May 2016 were retrospectively analyzed. Results All patients received surgery by secreting the whole tissue 1 week after the affected ear infection was controlled. The patients were postoperatively followed up for 3 monts-5 years, and 78 ears(97.5%)showed no recurrence, while only 2 ears(2.5%)recurred postoperatively and were cured by secondary surgery. Another 1 ear(1.25%)had incision suture infection on d4 after operation, which was cured after wound dressing change and anti-infection treatment. Conclusion Selection of proper surgical time, precise determination of surgical boundary and resection of the whole lesion tissues are beneficial to the radical resection of complicated congenital preauricular fistula and the reduction of recurrence rate.

Clinical efficacy of repairing auricular skin defects with posterior auricular flaps and their preparation with Gauze blotting.

WANG Dengyuan, CHEN Zhibin, CHEN Ruoxi, ZHAO Xiaonian, CHENG Lei

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  68-70.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2016.536

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Objective To evaIuate the cIinicaI efficacy of repairing aurlcuIar skin defects with posterior auricuIar transposition fIaps and their preparation with Gauze blotting. Methods A total of 31 patients with auricular skin defects following auricular neoplasms hospitalized during March 2013 to September 2015 were performed reconstruction with posterior auricular transposition fIaps. After pathological tissue resection, posterior auricular flap was prepared with Gauze blotting. The pedicle of the flap could be superiorly or inferiorly based according to the position of the defect. The pedicle area was deepithelialized. The flap was transpositioned to reconstruct the skin defect of auricle through the window in the auricular cartilage. Result AII the transpositioned fIaps were survived. During a foIIow-up of 6 to 24 months, the skin of transferred fIaps were similar to that of the surrounding skin in color and appearance. Conclusion The operation of repairing anterior auricular skin defects with posterior auricular fIap is simpIe and safe. The donor area is located behind the ear, and the scar is hidden. Patients can achieve satisfactory aesthetic outcome.

Olfactory function in healthy senior grade students in Shenzhen city.

PAN Hongguang, WANG Jumei, CHEN Guowei, WU Zebin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  71-74.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2016.346

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Objective To explore the clinical value of SniffinSticks test in detection of the olfactory function of children. Methods A total of 70 healthy volunteer senior students were chosen from the Shenzhen Nanshan Primary School from April to July in 2015. Afte detection, the relationship between olfactory function and learning achievement was analyzed. Results Of the 70 students, 30 were the Grade 5 group of which 17 were males and 13 were females, and 40 were the Grade 6 group of which 22 were males, 18 were females. The normal mean of odor threshold test(OT)scores was 10.95±2.7, the mean of the odor discrimination(OD)scores was 12.92±1.0, the mean of odor identification test(OI)scores was 13.74±1.6, the mean of TDI was 37.54±2.2. The differences of OT, OD, OI and TDI between boys and girls were not significant,and the differences between the Grade 5 and Grade 6 groups were not significant either. OT and TDI value were negatively correlated with the score of English achievement(P<0.01). Conclusion SniffinSticks olfactory detection method can be used for childrens olfactory function test. There was no gender difference in the olfactory function of senior students.

The clinical application of sinus CT and MRI in unilateral benign sphenoid sinus lesions.

JI Zao, YAN Aihui

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  75-79.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.074

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Objective To discuss the clinical application value through retrospective analysis of the CT and MRI imaging findings of unilateral benign sphenoid sinus lesions. Methods The imaging characteristics of 21 inpatients were analyzed who had had nasal endoscopic surgery and whose unilateral benign sphenoid sinus lesions had been pathologically proved. Results Of the 21 cases of unilateral benign sphenoid sinus lesions, there are 7 cases of cyst. CT manifestations: circular or ovoid soft tissue opacity with relatively homogeneous density in sphenoid sinus. The cases with sphenoid sinus cavity expansion may be accompanied by bone absorption attenuation. MRI manifestations: long T1 and long T2 irregular spherical signal shadow; 8 cases of fungal disease. CT manifestations: in sphenoid sinus, there are irregular patchy calcification spots or puffy-cloud density increase, ground-glass opacity in change. MRI manifestations: in sphenoid sinus, there are mixed signals, inflammation flake effusion in high signal, fungi the nodules are low T2WI signal; 3 cases of cerebrospinal fluid rhinorrhea, CT manifestations: pure soft tissue density in sphenoid sinus, MRI manifestations: there is linear high signal shadow between cerebrospinal fluid high signal shadow and high signal liquid film in sinuses. other organizations(brain tissue, nasal mucous membrane)has low signal; 3 cases of inverting papilloma, CT manifestations: soft tissue density shadow with heterogeneous density in sphenoid sinus. MRI manifestations: Neoplasm has uneven reinforcement, presenting a sample or a different degree of “gyrus” sign. Conclusion CT can show bone changes around the lesions very well. MRI can show the invaded range by lesions more clearly. A combination of both CT and MRI can provide more comprehensive imaging information for diagnosis and clinical treatment of unilateral benign sphenoid sinus lesions. CT combined with enhanced magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)analysis is more valuable in differential diagnosis than merely depending on CT scan.

Analysis on the factors related to the recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps.

LUN Jie, ZHANG Ya′nan

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  80-83.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2016.302

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Objective To investigate the factors related to the recurrence of chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps(CRSwNP). Methods A total of 206 patients with CRSwNP hospitalized in our department From February 2011 to March 2014 were enrolled in this study. The clinical data were collected. The histopathological examinations of nasal polyps were taken. All the patients were followed up after the operation. Results In the following up, 115(55.8%)patients with CRSwNP were recurred and 91(44.2%)were not. The proportion of asthmatic, the proportion of Eos in peripheral blood, runny nose score, head/face pain score, olfactory damage, Lund-Mackay score and the proportion of eosinophil(Eos)in tissues in the recurrence group were higher than those in the non-recurrence group, while the proportion of neutrophils(Neu)in peripheral blood, the proportion of Neu in tissues, the proportion of lymphocytes in tissues and the proportion of plasma cells in the tissues in the recurrence group were lower than those in the non-recurrence group(P<0.05). Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that the proportion of eosinophils(Eos)in tissues was an independent risk factor for recurrence of CRSwNP(P<0.001). The ROC curve showed that the proportion of Eos in tissues in predicting the recurrences of CRSwNP, the area under the curve was 0.948(95% CI: 0.923-0.974). When the proportion of Eos was 18.9%, the sensitivity was 75.8% and the specificity was 98.3%. Conclusion The proportion of Eos in tissues was independent risk factor for recurrence of CRSwNP, and when the proportion of Eos in tissues was 18.9%, it had the best diagnostic value.

Use of an intranasal endoscopic approach for treatment of palatal midline cyst in 21 cases.

WANG Chunyu, ZHANG Fen, ZHANG Qingquan, WANG Yongfu, WANG Yan, LIU Zhonglu, KANG Shasha, ZHAO Yuanyang, WANG Beibei, LI Zhiyun

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  84-86.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.050

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Objective To explore the postoperative outcomes of the intranasal endoscopic approach for resection of midline palatal cysts. Methods A total of 21 cases were treated by excision the apophysis on the nasal floor combined with endonasal drainage, and they were followed up after the operation. Results In all cases, the obstruction was relieved and no recurrence was observed on follow-up examination after 1 year and 4 months and after 3 years and 6 months. Conclusion These surgical approaches are feasible and are associated with fewer postoperative complications and good curative effect.

Analysis of the long-term clinical effects of different plasma operations on obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome in children with grade 1 tonsils.

YIN Juan, HE Yingyao, GUO Heling, XIAO Xuping

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  87-90.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.126

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Objective To analyze the long-term efficacy and factors influencing clinical outcomes of adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy using ablation in pediatric patients with grade 1 tonsils and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS). Methods Clinical data of 119 children with grade 1 tonsils and obstructive sleep apnea hypopnea syndrome(OSAHS)were collected. Children were treated using different surgeries between January and December 2012, and the surgical outcomes were retrospectively analyzed. Patients in the experimental group(60 cases)were treated with adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy with ablation; patients in the control group(59 cases)were treated with adenoidectomy ablation. Postoperative efficacy and quality of life of the two groups were compared after 6 months and 1, 2, and 4 years. Results Four years after surgery, in the experimental group, 53 patients were cured, 4 showed improvement, and 3 had experienced no effect; the total effective rate was 95%. In the control group, 25 patients were cured, 24 showed improvement, and 10 were invalid; the total effective rate was 83.05%. The effective rate of the experimental treatment was statistically superior to the effective rate of the control treatment(P<0.1). The factors influencing clinical outcomes included age, obesity, rhinitis and nasosinusitis, otitis media, and dento-maxillofacial deformities. The long-term complications included two cases of pharyngeal foreign body in the experimental group. Conclusion Adenoidectomy and tonsillectomy with ablation is an effective method for treatment of children with OSAHS with grade 1 tonsils.

The significance of Maspin and Ets1 in laryngeal squamous carcinoma.

AN Yongming, MU Wenli, TIAN Yanxun, LI Wei, WU Yanqiao

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  91-94.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2016.392

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Objective To investigate the significance of Maspin, an anti-oncogene, and the transcription factor Ets1 in laryngeal squamous carcinoma. Methods The expression of Maspin and Ets1 was evaluated in 70 samples of laryngeal squamous carcinoma and 30 samples of non-cancerous adjacent tissues by immunohistochemistry(EnVision^TM, Fuzhou Mai Xin Biological Ltd. Co., China). Results The difference in the positive rates of expression of Maspin and Ets1 between the laryngeal squamous carcinoma and adjacent samples was statistically significant(P<0.05)Positive expression of Maspin was associated with tumor size, histological classification, TNM staging, and Ki-67 expression(P<0.05). Additionally, positive expression of Ets1 was associated with histological classification, TNM staging, lymph node metastasis, and Ki-67 expression(P<0.05). However, there was negative correlation between the expression of Maspin and Ets1 in laryngeal squamous carcinoma. Conclusion Maspin and Ets1 are involved in the progression of laryngeal squamous carcinoma; their expression not only reflects the malignant degree of laryngeal squamous carcinoma, but also is helpful in further expounding related mechanisms in the development of laryngeal squamous carcinoma.

Research advances on Argonaute2 and its role in human tumors.

ZHANG Yanhui, DONG Pin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  95-99.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2016.485

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With the rapid development of proteomics, proteins related to tumorigenesis and progression have been continuously discovered and applied to clinical diagnosis. By constituting RNA-induced silencing complex(RISC), selfcatalysis and overexpression, Argonaute2 plays an important role in human tumorigenesis and progression, and is becoming a research focus. In this article, we will review the research advances on the structure, function and mechanism of Argonaute2 in tumor development.

Experience of professor Zhang Qinxiu in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis.

XIANG Nan, ZHANG Qinxiu

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  100-102.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2016.460

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Allergic rhinitis(AR)is one of the most common diseases encountered in the otolaryngological department. This paper summarizes the clinical experiences of Professor Zhang Qinxiu in the treatment of perennial allergic rhinitis. He applies the theory of harmonizing “qi-blood” and holds that external factors and emotions have an effect on the disease, and thus help in achieving a satisfactory result.

The traditional Chinese understanding and treatment on laryngopharyngeal reflux.

LI Ping

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  103-105.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2016.479

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Adenoma of the middle ear: a report of one case and review of the literature.

GUO Yingyuan, ZHANG Dejun, ZHU Lin, MA Shuaishuai, GUAN Guofang

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  111-114.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.159

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Lateralization of the Webb polarization test in five patients.

LIU Ping, PAN Xiaochun, BU Chuan, XU Yangbin

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  115-116.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2016.530

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Analysis of 43 cases of epiglottis cyst resection with modified electrome under laryngoscope.

XU Xiangqian， SHI Mengzhi

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  117-118.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2016.467

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Exploration of the application of three-dimensional printing technology in the standardized training of doctors in the otolaryngological department.

GUO Yingyuan, ZHANG Dejun, GUAN Guofang, WEN Lianji, ZHANG Hui, YU Duojiao, MA Shuaishuai

JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2017, 31(3):  119-122.  doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2017.166

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Objective To observe the effect of the use of three-dimensional(3D)printing technology in the standardized training of ear, nose and throat(ENT)resident physicians, as well as exploring its feasibility and effectiveness. Methods The ear, nose, throat, etc models were 3D printed and was used in combination with the standardized training which ENT residents usually receive to teach training theory. Both operation guidance and practice were taught using the aforementioned techniques. Results The 3D printed model helped the physicians to form a spatial stereoscopic awareness, better understand and master complex anatomical structures in a short time, improve their surgical skills and shorten their training period. Conclusion 3D printing technology is a good prospect in improving the standardized training of ENT resident physicians.