山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报 ›› 2022, Vol. 36 ›› Issue (3): 260-265.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2021.438
鹿伟理,姜涛,李宪华
LU Weili, JIANG Tao, LI Xianhua
摘要: 目的 了解大连地区多重致敏的儿童变应性鼻炎(AR)患者血清特异性IgE(sIgE)特点,为本地区AR精准防控提供参考。 方法 回顾性分析272例多重致敏的儿童AR患者sIgE结果,按性别、年龄、变应原种类和强度、吸入性和食入性变应原例次和强度进行分组,比较不同组间变应原分布情况。 结果 应用Pearson相关分析(r=0.587,P=0.035)在所有入组AR儿童中,多重致敏占比与年龄呈正相关,且相关性较高;多重致敏患者变应原种类数量与相应人数之间呈负相关(r=-0.913,P<0.001),且相关性较高。将患儿按年龄段分成3个组,2~5岁组、6~9岁组和10~14岁组,行统计学分析结果显示各组变应原阳性例数与变应原种类呈负相关,且相关性较高。变应原阳性例次及变应原总强度最高的前5位依次为屋尘螨/粉尘螨、艾蒿、猫、蛋清、普通豚草。吸入性和食入性变应原平均强度(t=2.410,P=0.038)差异有统计学意义。按年龄分组,6~9岁组中吸入性与食入性变应原例次差异(t=2.275, P=0.048)及平均强度差异(t=2.361, P=0.035)有统计学意义,10~14岁组中吸入性与食入性变应原平均强度差异有统计学意义(t=3.658, P=0.002)。吸入性变应原中春季、秋季及常年的例次、总强度、平均强度差异均无统计学意义。 结论 随着年龄增大,接触变应原种类增多,多重致敏患者也随之增多,故应定期复查过敏原。屋尘螨/粉尘螨、艾蒿、猫、蛋清、普通豚草是大连地区多重致敏的AR患儿主要致敏原,应注意重点防控。在6~9岁时应着重关注吸入性变应原致敏情况。
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