Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University ›› 2024, Vol. 38 ›› Issue (2): 1-6.doi: 10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2023.215

• Original Article •     Next Articles

Cytokine expression among patients with acute secretory otitis media after SARS-CoV-2 infection

FAN Yongjiang1,2, HUANG Wei2, HE Chengshan3, SHEN Haitao3, XU Zheng3, HAO Yanan2   

  1. 1. Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 201203, China2. Department of Otorhinolaryngology, The Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China3. Department of Laboratory, The Seventh People's Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Shanghai 200137, China
  • Online:2024-03-20 Published:2024-03-29

PDF (PC)

63

Abstract: Objective We investigated the role of middle ear effusion and serum cytokines in the pathogenesis of acute secretory otitis media caused by severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2(SARS-CoV-2)infection in adults. Methods Forty-five adult patients with acute secretory otitis media after SARS-CoV-2 infection were enrolled in this study. All patients had been infected with SARS-CoV-2 within the past 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected for cytokine analyses, and cytokines and SARS-CoV-2 nucleic acid were detected by ear effusion after tympanocentesis, to analyze changes in serum and middle ear effusion cytokines. Results The expression of cytokines IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 in middle ear effusions was significantly elevated relative to their levels in serum(P<0.05); IL-2, IFN-α, IFN-γ and TNF-α expression was not significantly different between serum and middle ear effusion(P>0.05). IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 expression level in middle ear effusion displayed no significant difference between SARS-CoV-2 positive individuals(including suspected positive individuals)and negative individuals(P>0.05). Individuals with mixed hearing loss exhibited significantly elevated IL-6 and IL-8 expression in middle ear effusion than individuals with conductive hearing loss(P<0.05). Conclusion SARS-CoV-2 can infect the middle ear through the eustachian tube and induce middle ear immune cells to produce high levels of cytokines, promoting secretory otitis media. IL-5, IL-6, IL-8, and IL-10 were the main inflammatory cytokines that promoted adult acute secretory otitis media caused by the novel coronavirus. IL-6 and IL-8 can be used as primary indicators to predict the severity of impairment of sensory nerve function in patients.

Key words: Adult acute secretory otitis media, Severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2, Cytokines

CLC Number: 

  • R764.21
[1] 孔维佳. 耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2021: 124-128
[2] 吴虹冰. 鼓膜穿刺术联合药物治疗急性分泌性中耳炎[J]. 中华耳科学杂志, 2015, 13(4): 696-697. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2922.2015.04.030 WU Hongbing. Auripuncture combined with drug therapy in treatment of acute secretory otitis media[J]. Chinese Journal of Otology, 2015, 13(4): 696-697. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2922.2015.04.030
[3] Parmar S, Davessar JL, Singh G, et al. Prevalence of otitis media with effusion in children with hearing loss[J]. Indian J Otolaryngol Head Neck Surg, 2019, 71(Suppl 2): 1276-1281. doi:10.1007/s12070-018-1310-y
[4] 曹鑫, 伊海金, 李欣, 等. 分泌性中耳炎合并突发性聋三 例并文献复习[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2019, 33(5): 56-61. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2019.147 CAO Xin, YI Haijin, LI Xin, et al. Secretory otitis media with sudden hearing loss: three cases' report and a literature review[J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2019, 33(5): 56-61. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2019.147
[5] Leichtle A, Hoffmann TK, Wigand MC. Otitis media: definition, pathogenesis, clinical presentation, diagnosis and therapy[J]. Laryngorhinootologie, 2018, 97(7): 497-508. doi:10.1055/s-0044-101327
[6] 马慧琴, 张治军. 分泌性中耳炎相关细胞因子免疫机制研究进展[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2012, 26(4): 78-81. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.2012.04.030 MA Huiqin, ZHANG Zhijun. Immunologic mechanism of cytokines in otitis media with effusion[J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2012, 26(4): 78-81. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.2012.04.030
[7] 李雨青, 赵辉. 儿童分泌性中耳炎临床指南解析[J]. 中华耳科学杂志, 2022, 20(3): 504-508. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2922.2022.03.025 LI Yuqing, ZHAO Hui. An explanation of the clinical guidelines for otitis media with effusion in children[J]. Chinese Journal of Otology, 2022, 20(3): 504-508. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2922.2022.03.025
[8] 刘娅, 孙建军. 儿童分泌性中耳炎多国指南研读与解析[J]. 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2020, 34(12): 1065-1069. doi:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2020.12.003 LIU Ya, SUN Jianjun. Comparison and analysis of otitis media with effusion in children with guidelines of several countries[J]. Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 2020, 34(12): 1065-1069. doi:10.13201/j.issn.2096-7993.2020.12.003
[9] P. Ashley W, James BS. Ballenger's otorhinolaryngology head and neck surgery[M]. 北京: 人民卫生出版社, 2016: 225-239
[10] 吴小平, 王培利, 王承龙. 新型冠状病毒肺炎的心脏损害及对策探析[J]. 中国中西医结合杂志, 2020, 40(3): 275-278. doi:10.7661/j.cjim.20200305.280 WU Xiaoping, WANG Peili, WANG Chenglong. Discussion of cardiac damage and therapeutic strategy for COVID-19[J]. Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine, 2020, 40(3): 275-278. doi:10.7661/j.cjim.20200305.280
[11] 周亚宁, 冯巩, 刘曼玲, 等. 新型冠状病毒引起肝损伤的研究现状[J]. 临床肝胆病杂志, 2020, 36(6): 1402-1406. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2020.06.047 ZHOU Yaning, FENG Gong, LIU Manling, et al. Current status of the research on liver injury caused by SARS-CoV-2[J]. Journal of Clinical Hepatology, 2020, 36(6): 1402-1406. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1001-5256.2020.06.047
[12] 张竞文, 胡欣, 金鹏飞. 新型冠状病毒引起的细胞因子风暴及其药物治疗[J]. 中国药学杂志, 2020, 55(5): 333-336. doi:10.11669/cpj.2020.05.001 ZHANG Jingwen, HU Xin, JIN Pengfei. Cytokine storm induced by SARS-CoV-2 and the drug therapy[J]. Chinese Pharmaceutical Journal, 2020, 55(5): 333-336. doi:10.11669/cpj.2020.05.001
[13] 杨志伟, 贾红炜, 祖一文, 等. IL-6在新型冠状病毒肺炎致急性呼吸窘迫综合征中的作用[J]. 河北医科大学学报, 2022, 43(10): 1224-1228. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2022.10.023 YANG Zhiwei, JIA Hongwei, ZU Yiwen, et al. The role of IL-6 in acute respiratory distress syndrome induced by novel coronavirus[J]. Journal of Hebei Medical University, 2022, 43(10): 1224-1228. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1007-3205.2022.10.023
[14] 王萍, 郭陈君, 刘冀珑. 奥密克戎的挑战[J]. 科学, 2022, 74(3): 13-18. doi:10.3969/j.issn.0368-6396.2022.03.006
[15] 梁元钰, 吕晓东, 袁佺, 等. 上海市某方舱医院2897例新型冠状病毒Omicron变异株轻型/无症状感染者住院时间影响因素分析[J/OL]. 中华中医药学刊,2023: 1-13(2023-11-17)[2023-12-20].http://kns.cnki.net/kcms/detail/21.1546.R.20231116.1413.002.html
[16] 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志编辑委员会, 中华医学会耳鼻咽喉头颈外科学分会小儿学组. 儿童分泌性中耳炎诊断和治疗指南(2021)[J]. 中华耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2021, 56(6): 556-567. doi:10.3760/cma.j.cn115330-20210511-00264
[17] Frost HM, Sebastian T, Keith A, et al. COVID-19 and acute otitis media in children: a case series[J]. J Prim Care Community Health, 2022, 13: 21501319221082351. doi:10.1177/21501319221082351
[18] Durmaz B, Abdulmajed O, Durmaz R, et al. Respiratory viruses in the healthy middle ear and middle ear with otitis media with effusion[J]. J Med Virol, 2021, 93(11): 6140-6147. doi: 10.1002/jmv.27151
[19] 赫莉, 宋英鸾, 耿江桥, 等. 儿童分泌性中耳炎中耳积液病毒和支原体及衣原体检测结果分析[J]. 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科, 2020, 27(12): 683-686. doi:10.16066/j.1672-7002.2020.12.003 HE Li, SONG Yingluan, GENG Jiangqiao, et al. Result interpretation of viruses, mycoplasma and chlamydia detection in middle ear effusions of children with secretory otitis media[J]. Chinese Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2020, 27(12): 683-686. doi:10.16066/j.1672-7002.2020.12.003
[20] 王春英, 侯常道, 韩小梅, 等. 腺病毒与分泌性中耳炎的关系[J]. 临床耳鼻咽喉科杂志, 1999, 13(4): 149. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1781.1999.04.014 WANG Chunying, HOU Changdao, HAN Xiaomei, et al. Relationship between adenovirus and secretory otitis media[J]. Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology, 1999, 13(4): 149. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1001-1781.1999.04.014
[21] 李欣, 杨东, 张笑颜. LTD4、IL-6以及TNF-α在分泌性中耳炎中耳积液中的表达及意义[J]. 基因组学与应用生物学, 2019, 38(11): 5181-5186. doi:10.13417/j.gab.038.005181 LI Xin, YANG Dong, ZHANG Xiaoyan. Expression and significance of LTD4, IL-6 and TNF-α in middle ear effusion of secretory otitis media[J]. Genomics and Applied Biology, 2019, 38(11): 5181-5186. doi:10.13417/j.gab.038.005181
[22] 刘华, 高占梅, 刘泊, 等. 分泌性中耳炎患儿腺样体组织中 IL-5的表达[J]. 听力学及言语疾病杂志, 2015, 23(4): 417-418. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7299.2015.04.022 LIU Hua, GAO Zhanmei, LIU Bo, et al. Expression of IL-5 in adenoids of children with secretory otitis media[J]. Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology, 2015, 23(4): 417-418. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7299.2015.04.022
[23] 邓小博, 马欢欢, 俞荣, 等. 新冠病毒感染后细胞免疫研究进展[J]. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2022, 32(10): 1590-1595. doi: 10.11816/cn.ni.2022-216559 DENG Xiaobo, MA Huanhuan, YU Rong, et al. Progress of research on changes of cellular immunity after SARS-CoV-2 infection[J]. Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology, 2022, 32(10): 1590-1595. doi: 10.11816/cn.ni.2022-216559
[24] 马慧敏, 马俭. 白三烯D4、白细胞介素6和肿瘤坏死因子α在成人分泌性中耳炎中耳积液中的表达及意义[J]. 中国耳鼻咽喉头颈外科, 2018, 25(10): 530-532. doi:10.16066/j.1672-7002.2018.10.004 MA Huimin, MA Jian. Expression and significance of LTD4, IL-6 and TNF-α in middle ear effusions in secretory otitis media[J]. Chinese Archives of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, 2018, 25(10): 530-532. doi:10.16066/j.1672-7002.2018.10.004
[25] 朱诗国, 程晓东,刘丹, 等. 医学免疫学[M]. 上海: 上海科学技术出版社, 2020: 148-155
[26] 倪菁, 雷飞, 白丹, 等. 儿童分泌性中耳炎耳积液中免疫相关指标表达分析[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2019, 33(4): 56-59. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2018.230 NI Jing, LEI Fei, BAI Dan, et al. Expression of immunological markers in middle ear effusion in children with secretory otitis media[J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2019, 33(4): 56-59. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2018.230
[27] 韩朝冬, 陈瑛, 葛文胜, 等. IL-1β和IL-8在分泌性中耳炎中耳积液中的表达及意义[J]. 山东医大基础医学院学报, 2001, 15(3): 174-176 HAN Chaodong, CHEN Ying, GE Wensheng, et al. The expression of interlenkin-1β and interlenkin-8 in otitis media with effusion and its significance[J]. Journal of Preclinical Medicine College of Shandong Medical University, 2001, 15(3): 174-176
[28] 孔德杰, 张智风, 闻克银, 等. 分泌性中耳炎衣原体感染血清学及 Toll样受体相关mRNA表达[J]. 中华医院感染学杂志, 2023, 33(13): 2023-2027. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-3770.2001.03.021 KONG Dejie, ZHANG Zhifeng, WEN Keyin, et al. Serological characteristics of otitis media with effusion patients with Chlamydia infection and expressions of Toll-likereceptors-related mRNA[J]. Chinese Journal of Nosocomiology, 2023, 33(13): 2023-2027. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-3770.2001.03.021
[29] 董家琪, 姜妍, 黄世勇, 等. 分泌性中耳炎儿童腺样体组织中IL-10、IFN-γ表达[J]. 听力学及言语疾病杂志, 2020, 28(2): 149-152. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7299.2020.02.008 DONG Jiaqi, JIANG Yan, HUANG Shiyong, et al. Expression of IFN-γ and IL-10 in adenoid tissues of children with secretory otitis media[J]. Journal of Audiology and Speech Pathology, 2020, 28(2): 149-152. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1006-7299.2020.02.008
[30] 李志辉, 符秋养, 李泽泳, 等. Th1/Th2细胞失衡模式在分泌性中耳炎发病机制中的作用[J]. 临床耳鼻咽喉头颈外科杂志, 2018, 32(3): 206-208. doi:10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2018.03.012 LI Zhihui, FU Qiuyang, LI Zeyong, et al. The role of Th1/Th2 cells imbalance in the pathogenesis of secretory otitis media[J]. Journal of Clinical Otorhinolaryngology Head and Neck Surgery, 2018, 32(3): 206-208. doi:10.13201/j.issn.1001-1781.2018.03.012
[31] 孙艳, 姚浩, 顾黎安. 布地奈德联合盐酸氨溴索鼓室内注射治疗成人分泌性中耳炎的疗效研究[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2022, 36(6): 77-82. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2022.312 SUN Yan, YAO Hao, GU Lian. Clinical efficacy of intratympanic administration of budesonide combined with ambroxol hydrochloride in the treatment of secretory otitis media in adults[J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(6): 77-82. doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2022.312
[32] Saniasiaya J. Hearing loss in SARS-CoV-2: what do we know?[J]. Ear Nose Throat J, 2021, 100(2_suppl): 152S-154S. doi:10.1177/0145561320946902
[33] 张林. 中耳积液对成人分泌性中耳炎骨导听阈的影响[J]. 现代中西医结合杂志, 2016, 25(3): 301-303. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-8849.2016.03.029 ZHANG Lin. Effect of middle ear effusion on bone conduction hearing threshold of adult secretory otitis media[J]. Modern Journal of Integrated Traditional Chinese and Western Medicine, 2016, 25(3): 301-303. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1008-8849.2016.03.029
[34] 徐敏, 冯永, 敬前程, 等. 伴骨导听力下降的分泌性中耳炎临床特征及疗效分析[J]. 中华耳科学杂志, 2023, 21(1): 52-56. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2922.2023.01.010 XU Min, FENG Yong, JING Qiancheng, et al. Clinical characteristics and treatment outcomes of secretory otitis media with bone conductive hearing loss[J]. Chinese Journal of Otology, 2023, 21(1): 52-56. doi:10.3969/j.issn.1672-2922.2023.01.010
[1] ZHU Yu, ZHU Xinhua. Research progress on the role of TH2 cytokines in Type2 chronic rhinosinusitis with nasal polyps [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2023, 37(5): 156-161.
[2] LIU Houjun, ZHANG Qian, CHENG You, XUE Fei, XU Li, WU Minghai. Relationships between RANTES gene polymorphisms and chronic sinusitis with bilateral nasal polyps [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2022, 36(3): 165-170.
[3] LI Huajing, HAO Runmei, DAI Hao, ZHANG Ling, SHEN Zhen, QUAN Fang, SHAO Yuan. Mechanism of inhibition of ovalbumin-induced inflammation by catechins in an OVA-induced mouse model of allergic rhinitis [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2021, 35(4): 1-7.
[4] LIU Zhigao, WANG Shuya, HAN Xuguang, WANG Yu, LI Zhiwei, MA Aihua, ZHAO Bojun. Preoperative timing and the effect of intravitreal aflibercept injection for proliferative diabetic retinopathy patients [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2021, 35(1): 99-103.
[5] LI Xin, WU Wei, WANG Gang, SI Shaoyan, HAN Haolun, LI Baowei, FAN Xin, ZHANG Chi,. Acute laryngeal mucosa injury in rats induced by gaseous pollutants in the air [J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2019, 33(6): 75-79.
[6] . The aqueous levels of TNF-α and IP-10 in different kinds of glaucoma and their correlation. [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2017, 31(1): 103-106.
[7] LIU Ye, SUN Dianshui, YIN Jinjun, XIA Ming, XU Ying, SUN Jianhua. Vestibular function damage mechanisms in nasopharyngeal carcinoma patients after intensity-modulated radiotherapy. [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2016, 30(6): 14-17.
[8] WANG Zengzhi. Immunosuppressive treatment for non-infectious uveitis and its effect on cytokines [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2015, 29(6): 64-67.
[9] ZHANG Qing-zhao1, SHIMADA Takashi2, CHENG Lei1. Effect of lysed Enterococcus faecalis FK-23 (LFK) on serum IL-12 in allergic rhinitis mice [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2014, 28(3): 7-9.
Viewed
Full text


Abstract

Cited
  Shared   
  Discussed   
[1] . [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2006, 20(2): 116 -118 .
[2] ZHOU Zi-ning,JIN Guo-wei . [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2006, 20(5): 462 -465 .
[3] ZHOU Bin,LI Bin . Endoscopic sinus surgery for 75 patients with chronic sinusitis and nasal polyps[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2006, 20(1): 24 -26 .
[4] XU Sainan,YANG Lei . Apoptosis of epithelial cells in nasal polyps promoted by erythromycin[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2006, 20(1): 27 -29 .
[5] . [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2006, 20(1): 94 -95 .
[6] LIU Lian-he . Treatment of deep neck abscess in 37 cases[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2008, 22(2): 180 -181 .
[7] . [J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2008, 22(3): 200 -203 .
[8] QIAO Yi,NI Guan-sen,CHEN Wen-wen . Effect of H-UPPP and nasal operations on obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in 38 cases
[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2008, 22(3): 206 -208 .
[9] WANG Xiao-feng,LIN Chang,CHENG Jin-mei . Expression of ABAD in inner ears and its clinical significance in different age mice[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2008, 22(3): 207 -211 .
[10] FAN Qi-jun,HUANG Zhi-wu,MEI Ling,XIAO Bo-kui . Expression of the heat shock protein 27 in rat cochlea induced by sodium salicylate injection by the FQ-PCR technique[J]. JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY), 2008, 22(3): 212 -214 .
Website Copyright: Editorial Office of Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University
Address: No.27 Shanda South Road, Jinan, Shandong, China. Post code: 250100 Tel: +86-0531-88366912 Email: ebhxb@sdu.edu.cn Supported by Beijing Magtech Co.Ltd