探究广东地区变应性鼻炎合并支气管哮喘的危险因素

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.1.2018.038

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的回顾性分析确诊为变应性鼻炎(AR)患者的特征及伴发支气管哮喘的危险因素。方法纳入2009年6月至2018年5月在中山大学附属第三医院以及中山大学附属第五医院过敏中心,通过过敏原皮肤点刺试验确诊AR的患者(5~60岁)2 931例,详细采集病史及相关辅助检查结果。利用SPSS 20.0分析不同患者的特征、合并支气管哮喘的风险因素及对应变应原的类型。结果 2 931例患者中,AR合并哮喘207例(7.06%)。多因素逻辑回归显示,AR伴发哮喘的危险因素分别为变应性鼻炎持续时间大于5年、吸烟、自行使用抗生素治疗、哮喘家族史、AR家族史和城市居住环境等。过敏原敏感性分析发现:AR患者最常见的过敏原是屋尘螨,共2 754例(93.96%)。结论广东地区变应性鼻炎患者合并哮喘发生率较低,应针对危险因素进行有效的防治。

关键词: 变应性鼻炎, 支气管哮喘, 过敏原, 逻辑回归分析

Abstract: Objective A retrospective survey was performed on patients who were diagnosed with allergic rhinitis(AR)and its complication, bronchial asthma(BA). The characteristics and allergens in these patients with AR and BA were analyzed to determine the risk factors. Methods The medical records of 2 931 patients with AR(5-60 years old)who had undergone allergen skin puncture tests between June 2009 and May 2018, from two medical centers in Guangzhou and Zhuhai City(The Third and Fifth Affiliated Hospital of Sun Yat-sen University), were analyzed for patient characteristics, risk factors of BA, and allergen types using SPSS 20.0. Results Among the 2 931 patients, 207(7.06%)had AR with BA. The strongest risk factor for BA, as determined by a multiple logistic regression analysis, was AR for a duration of 5 years; this was followed by smoking, self-medication with antibiotics, a family history of AR and BA, and urban living. The most common sensitization was to house-dust mites(93.96%). Conclusion Our findings suggest that the risk factors for concomitant BA in patients with AR may be helpful in establishing preventive strategies.

Key words: Allergic rhinitis, Bronchial asthma, Allergen, Logistics regression

中图分类号:

R765.21

洪海裕, 许光福, 杨烁伟,苏荣飞,黄伊厘,池梦诗,王玮豪,杨钦泰. 探究广东地区变应性鼻炎合并支气管哮喘的危险因素[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2019, 33(1): 94-98.

HONG Haiyu, XU Guangfu, YANG Shuowei, SU Rongfei, HUANG Yili, CHI Mengshi,WANG Weihao,YANG Qintai. The prevalence and risk factors of bronchial asthma in patients with allergic rhinitis in Guangdong Province[J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2019, 33(1): 94-98.

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