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    16 April 2009 Volume 23 Issue 2
      
    Articles
    Effect of endothelin 1 on mitosis of human HEP 2 cells in vitro
    XU Dingyuan1, ZHENG Xuelian2, WU Bo3, XUE Fei1, LI Zeqinq1, JI Junfeng1, WANG Qiuping1

    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  1-4 . 
    Abstract ( 1501 )   PDF (414KB) ( 1214 )   Save
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    To investigate the effect of endothelin 1 on mitosis of HEP 2 cells. MethodsExpression of endothelin receptors on HEP 2 cells was determined by RTPCR and immunohistochemical methods. HEP 2 cell lines were exposed to different concentrations of the endothelin 1, and mitosis of HEP 2 cells was measured by 3ResultsGene expression of the endothelinreceptor was detected by RTPCR. Immunohistochemical studies showed that endothelin receptor immunoreactivity appeared in HEP 2 cells. Addition of endothelin 1 resulted in an increase of DNA synthesis in concentration dependence. ConclusionEndothelin 1 can promote mitosis of HEP 2 cells and may play an important role in the progression of laryngeal carcinoma.

     

    The influence of pSilencer2.0cMetsiRNA on human cancer of larynx Hep2 cells growth
    XIE Zhinian, JI Changyou, CHEN Jichuan, WANG Yinan, GUAN Liqian,
    LI Hongtao, ZHANG Min, YANG Junhui
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  5-7 . 
    Abstract ( 1851 )   PDF (482KB) ( 1363 )   Save
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    To study the effect of pSilencer2.0cMetsiRNA on the growth of tumors after transplantation from human cancer of larynx Hep2 into nude mice. MethodsHep2 cells were transplanted into nude mice and the time of tumor formation and growth were observed. After tumor formation, cMetsiRNA was given as the antitumor therapy. The tumor volume was calculated and the tumor growth curve was plotted. Representative histological sections were taken from mice bearing transplantation tumors in either experimental or control groups; Expression of cMet, MMP2, MMP9 and VEGF were detected by Western blot method. ResultsOn the 35th day after tumor vaccination, the tumor volume was 13?827?mm3 in the cMetsiRNA transfection group, which was diminished significantly in contrast with the control group（P＜0.01）. Expression of cMet, MMP2, MMP9 and VEGF in the tumors of the experimental group was decreased significantly(P＜0.05). ConclusionspSilencer2.0cMetsiRNA can significantly inhibit the growth of transplantation tumors of nude mice from human cancer of the larynx, and siRNA expressing plasmid mediated gene therapy may be a new strategy in targeting molecular therapy of cancer of the larynx.

    Expressions of HLAA and B mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells in patients with esophagus cancer of the neck
    LI Hao1, ZOU Xiong2, ZHAO Shengmei1, ZHANG Yi2, LI Yingjie1,
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  8-11 . 
    Abstract ( 1509 )   PDF (656KB) ( 1050 )   Save
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    To investigate expression levels of HLAA and B mRNA in peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) in patients with esophagus cancer of the neck and to explore their clinical significance. MethodsPeripheral blood mononuclear cells HLAA and B mRNA were determined by a realtime reverse quantitative PCR method in 62 patients with esophagus cancer of the neck and 32 healthy individuals. ResultsThe relative expression ratio of PBMC HLAA and B mRNA was 0.41±0.26 and 0.37±0.28 in the carcinoma group and 1.12±0.54 and 1.19±0.60 in the control group. Expression levels of HLAA and B mRNA on PBMCs in esophagus cancer of the neck were significantly lower than that in the controls. Multiple logistic regression analysis showed that expression of HLAA,B was significantly associated with esophagus cancer of the neck(P=0.01). ConclusionHLAA and B mRNA play a critical role in the tumor immunity response. HLAA and B mRNA expression levels in PBMC are significantly reduced when tumors occur, so they may become available tumor markers.

    无栏目

    Comparative analysis of ultrasound and pathology to detect residual neck lymph nodes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma after irradiation
    LI Haiying, LIU Shaoping, LIU Fang
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  12-14 . 
    Abstract ( 1961 )   PDF (265KB) ( 1269 )   Save
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    To evaluate the results of highfrequency ultrasound in the diagnosis of residual lymph nodes and to provide a basis for the further treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy. MethodsAfter 90 patients with nasopharyngeal carcinoma accepted radiotherapy, 64 residual lymph nodes were found by highfrequency ultrasound and compared with pathologic biopsy. The patients were divided into the residual group and the no residual group. The characteristics in ultrasound were analyzed which included the long diameter, the short diameter, the echogenic of the hilus and the mode of vascular distribution in the lymph node. ResultsIn the residual group, ultrasound examination showed the diameter in the long direction was significantly bigger than that of the no residual group, the vascular speeds in the lymph nodes were much quicker and vessel modes were mainly in type 3 and 4, and the echogenic hilus was distorted or lost. There were significant differences between the two groups in the above mentioned indicators(all P＜0.01). ConclusionHighfrequency ultrasound plays an important role in evaluating the effect of radiotherapy in the treatment of nasopharyngeal carcinoma. It can be used as an ordinary method to look for residual lymph nodes in nasopharyngeal carcinoma after radiotherapy.

    Expressions of PTTG and bFGF proteins and their relationship to MVD in laryngeal carcinoma
    LIANG Kun1, YAO Lei1, MA Chao2,　SUN Ruijie1,　LU Zhonghua1,　LEI Dapeng1,　PAN Xinliang1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  15-19 . 
    Abstract ( 1552 )   PDF (437KB) ( 908 )   Save
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    To explore expressions of the pituitary tumortransforming gene(PTTG) and basic fibroblast growth factor(bFGF) proteins and their relationship to MVD in laryngeal carcinoma. MethodsExpressions of PTTG and bFGF were determined by the immunohistochemical SP method in 57 cases of laryngeal carcinoma, and compared with those in 26 cases of paracarcinoma tissues and 9 cases of normal tissues. MVD in laryngeal carcinoma was evaluated by immunohistochemical staining with antibody CD34. ResultsThe positive rate of PTTG and bFGF was 84.2% and 78.9% in laryngeal carcinoma, which was significant higher than those in paracarcinoma tissues and normal tissues(P＜0.05). Expression of PTTG was associated with histological differentiation and clinical stages(P＜0.05) and was significantly associated with lymph node metastases(P＜0.05), but was not associated with age, gender and primary lesions(P＞0.05). Expression of bFGF was significantly associated with histological differentiation and lymph node metastases(P＜0.05), but was not associated with age, gender, clinical stages and primary lesions(P＞0.05). There was a significant correlation between expression of PTTG and bFGF(P＜0.05). The value of MVD in laryngeal carcinoma was significantly higher than that in paracarcinoma tissues and normal tissues(P＜0.05), and was significantly associated with lymph node metastases(P＜0.05),　but not associated with age, gender, histological differentiation, clinical stages and primary lesions(P＞0.05). Expressions of PTTG and bFGF were correlated with MVD in laryngeal carcinoma(P＜0.05). ConclusionIncreased PTTG may play an

    Anatomy study of thoracodorsal artery perforator flap and its clinical
    significance in reconstruction of head and neck defects
    FENG Yun１，2, LI Wenting3, TANG Pingzhang1, XU Zhenggang1, ZHANG Bin1, WANG Naili3
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  20-23 . 
    Abstract ( 1807 )   PDF (563KB) ( 1215 )   Save
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    To study the anatomy of the thoracodorsal artery perforator flap (TDAPF) and explore its clinical application in reconstruction of head and neck defects. MethodsFive fresh cadavers were prepared, and morphosis and blood supply of TDAP flaps were examined by microsurgical anatomy. During dissections, the following parameters were recorded: number and type of perforators vessels, diameter of perforators, pedicle length, diameter of the original vessels, route (infra fascia and supra fascia),and their position were located by anatomical landmarks. ResultsThere were 44 TDAP flap perforators in all specimen with 54.5% from the lateral branch and 36.8% from the medial branch of the thoracodorsal artery. The lateral branch perforator was mostly located within 2?cm of the anterior border of the latissimus dorsi muscle. Mean pedicle length of the largest perforator was 12.41±2.84?cm. Average diameter of the infrascapular artery and the infrascapular vein was 3.59±0.62?mm and 3.75±0.41?mm, and that of the thoracodorsal artery and the thoracodorsal vein was 2.71±0.43 mm and 2.98±0.18 mm. ConclusionTDAP flaps are useful in reconstruction of head and neck defects because of their constant position, large caliber, and long pedicle.

    hypopharynx and thoracic segmentesophagus synchronous multiple primary carcinoma: a clinical

    analysis of 5 cases
    GAO Xingqiang1, ZHAO Dean1, FANG Zheng2,　YU Xiuyi2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  24-26 . 
    Abstract ( 1403 )   PDF (408KB) ( 1310 )   Save
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    To study the feasibility and effect of substituting the esophagus with the stomach without thoracotomy in the treatment of hypopharynx and thoracic segment esophagus synchronous multiple primary carcinoma. MethodsFive patients with hypopharynx and thoracic segment esophagus synchronous multiple primary carcinoma who had undergone esophageal stripping without thoracotomy and gastropharyngostomy were retrospectively studied. The larynx remained in 3 cases and total laryngectomy was performed on 2 cases. ResultsThe function of deglutition was good in the 5 cases. Pharyngeal fistula occurred in 1 case and was cured by conservation treatment.The laryngeal function preservative rate was 60.0% (3/5) and the decannulation rate was 100% (3/3). Followed up from 1 to 4 years, 1year survival rate was 100% (5/5) and 3year survival rate was 60% (3/5). ConclusionSubstituting the esophagus with the stomach without thoracotomy might improve both local control and survival in the treatment of hypopharynx and thoracic segment esophagus synchronous multiple primary carcinoma.

    Determination and analysis of serum IGF1, IGFBP3 and thyroid hormones in children with obstructive sleep apnea hyponea

    SUN Xiaoyan, FAN Xianliang, ZHANG Hongping, WANG Zhe, JIA Tao, FENG Huiwei
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  27-30 . 
    Abstract ( 1439 )   PDF (278KB) ( 1329 )   Save
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    To study the levels of serum IGF1, IGFBP3 and thyroid hormones in children with obstructive sleep apnea hyponea syndrome and to explore the relations between their levels and growth of child patients with OSAHS. Methods25 child patients with OSAHS and 15 healthy children were enrolled in this study. Height and weight were measured at first, then serum IGF1 and IGFBP3 levels were determined by ELISA, and serum thyroid hormones were determined by radioimmunoassay. ResultsThere were no statistical differences for height, weight, BMI, HtSDS and WtSDS between the OSAHS children and the controls(P＞0.05), but two children with OSAHS had growth retardation. Serum level of IGF1 had no significant statistical differences between OSAHS children and controls（P＞0.05）. Serum level of IGFBP3 had significant statistical differences between OSAHS children and controls（P＜0.05). Serum levels of TSH, FT3 and FT4 had no significant statistical differences between OSAHS children and the controls（P＞0.05）. ConclusionThese results indicate that some children with OSAHS have growth retardation, which may be related to the decrease of IGFBP3 concentrations.
    无栏目
    Animal model of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in rats
    LIU Zhonglu, WANG Yan， LI Yanzhong
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  31-33 . 
    Abstract ( 2227 )   PDF (365KB) ( 2078 )   Save
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    To build up a steady and credible animal model of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome(OSAS)． MethodsSodium Hyaluronate was injected into the palatoglossal arch， palatopharyngeal arch and root of the tongue of eight Wistar rats. An electroencephalogram, electromyogram and oronasal airflow were recorded by PSG before and 4 weeks after injection when rats were under light anesthesia, which was expected to be similar to the sleep state. ResultsWhen the animals were under light anesthesia, the electroencephalogram and electromyogram were similar to the sleep state. All animals showed apnea with unusual movements of the thorax and the abdomen before and 4 weeks after injections. Differences between apnea index(AI) and the longest apnea before and after injection of Sodium Hyaluronate was obvious(P＜0.05). ConclusionAn animal model of OSAS in rats established by injection of Sodium Hyaluronate was steady, credible and similar to OSAS of human beings. It can be used to study the pathogenesis, pathological and physiological changes, and complication of OSAS.
    Expression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha in facial nucleus
    and peripheral lymphoid tissues after facial nerve injury
    CUI Peng, WANG Haibo, LI Jianfeng, HAN Yuechen, ZHANG Haiyan, XU Lei
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  34-37 . 
    Abstract ( 1716 )   PDF (603KB) ( 1534 )   Save
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    ObjectiveTo determine expression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha (GRα) in facial nucleus and peripheral lymphoid tissues. MethodsA rabbit model of facial nerve injury was established and facial nucleus and cervical lymph nodes were taken out after 24?h, 48?h, 72?h, 7?d, and 14?d to observe expression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha using immunohistochemistry. ResultsExpression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha was detected in facial nucleus and peripheral lymph cells and began to increase at 48?h in the facial nucleus at 72?h in cervical lymph nodes. ConclusionsExpression of glucocorticoid receptor alpha was detected in the nuclei and cytoplasm in facial nucleus and peripheral lymph cells and was increased after facial nerve injuries. Local inflammatory reaction triggered by nerve injuries lasted for a longer duration than that caused by mere traumas.

    Correlation between P0 protein purified from the inner ear and auditory neuropathy
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  38-41 . 
    Abstract ( 1851 )   PDF (831KB) ( 1850 )   Save
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    To purify P0 protein from guinea pigs′ inner ears by preparative SDSPAGE and to study the correlation between P0 protein and auditory neuropathy. MethodsA mixture of membranous proteins of the inner ears was separated by preparative SDSPAGE． The corresponding band at 30 000 was cut and electrally eluted． The collected proteins were identified by Western blot assay． A group of 20 healthy SpragueDawley rats were immunized with P0 protein emulsified in complete Freund′s adjuvant， and another 20 SpragueDawley rats immunized with complete Freunds adjuvant only were used as contro1s. The rats′ hearing thresholds， serum IgG level and morphological changes in the cochlear nerve were investigated. The distribution of P0 protein in the cochlear nerve was detected by immunohistochemical technique． ResultsThe purity of the protein was demonstrated by a single band at the 30?000 site in SDSPAGE， which was identified as P0 protein by western blot analysis assay． About 29.4% of P0immunized rats showed increased hearing thresholds and elevated IgG level(P＜0.05)， and the demyelination of the cochlear nerve was observed by an electron microscope. P0 protein was distributed in the myelin sheath of the cochlear nerve. ConclusionsP0 protein from guinea pigs′ inner ears can be successfully purified by preparative SDSPAGE and an animal model of demyelination induced by P0 protein was successfully established, which is very useful to research the mechanism of auditory neuropathy.
    Relationship between lipid metabolism, uric acid and sudden
    sensorineurol hearing loss
    ZHU Wenyan, SHE Wandong, DAI Yanhong, GAO Xia, NI Rongsheng
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  42-44 . 
    Abstract ( 1597 )   PDF (262KB) ( 1398 )   Save
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    To explore the relationship between changes of serum lipid metabolism, uric acid and sudden sensorineurol hearing loss(SSNHL). MethodsThe serum levels of triglyceride(TG), cholesterol(CHO), high density lipoproteincholesterol(HDLCH), low density lipoproteincholesterol(LDLCH), apolipoprotein AI(Apo AI), apolipoprotein B （Apo B）and uric acid（UA） in 100 patients with sudden sensorineurol hearing loss and 56 controls were determined. ResultsThe serum levels of high lipoproteincholesterol were significantly decreased (P<0.05) and uric acid significantly increased (P<0.05) in the sudden sensorineural hearing loss group in comparison with the control group. There were no significant differences of high　lipoproteincholesterol or uric acid in any agegroup, also there were no significant differences in levels of TG, CHO, LDLCH, AｐｏAI and AｐｏB between the sudden sensorineural hearing loss groups and the control groups（Ｐ>0.05）. ConclusionMetabolic disturbance of serum lipids and uric acid in patients with sudden sensorineurol hearing loss may be related to the etiology of sudden sensorineural hearing loss.

    Surgeries for 82 cases of chronic suppurative otitis media in children
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  45-46 . 
    Abstract ( 1506 )   PDF (224KB) ( 991 )   Save
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    To explore pathological changes of chronic suppurative otitis media(CSOM) of children so as to select a suitable operative method. MethodsOf the 82 cases, 60 cases were subjected to radical mastoidectomy, 20 cases modified radical mastoidectomy, and 2 cases tympanoplasty. ResultsAmong the 82 cases, 56 cases(68.2%) were cholesteatoma of the middle ear, and 26 cases(31.7%) were caries. Lesions involved into the acoustic duct, the cavum tympani,the tympanic sinus, the aditus ad antrum tympanicum, and the auditory ossicle, and the auditory ossicle was the most severly destroyed. Followed up from half a year to 2 years, stenosis at the door of the external auditory canal occurred in 8 cases, hyperplasia and contracture of the operative lacouna in 8 cases, relapse of the cholesteatoma in 1 case, and facial paralysis in 1 case. ConclusionExtracranial complications are frequent preoperative complications of CSOM in children, and the younger the patients, the severer the lesions. It is most important to thoroughly clear the focus of infection. Optional operative methods and regular followup are helpful in decreasing relapse rate. Radical mastoidectomy is not suitable for CSOM in children.

    Application of tragal cartilage autografts in the operation of seriously innerinvaginated tympanic membranes
    XU Kaixu, ZHOU Zining, JIN Guowei, SHI Jihong, WANG Minghui
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  47-49 . 
    Abstract ( 1982 )   PDF (372KB) ( 1907 )   Save
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    To investigate the therapeutic efficacy of tympanoplasty with tragal cartilage autografts in patients whose tympanic membranes(TM) are seriously innerinvaginated and retracted, or regenerated TM are seriously innerinvaginated and thinnerturned. Methods11 patients received tympanoplasty with tragal cartilage autografts, 5 of them received single reconstruction of TM and 6 of them also received modified radical mastoidectomy. During the operations, innerinvaginated TM was completely reserved and tragal cartilages were put in the inner side of TM. ResultsTM innerinvaginations were all successfully treated. Audiometric data were presented as a 3frequency (500,1000, and 2000Hz) purtone average airbone gap. After the operations, an airbone gap of less than or equal to 10 dB was achieved in 5 patients, and less than or equal to 20?dB in 6 patients. Hearing was elevated 16.5?dB on average. ConclusionTympanoplasty with tragal cartilage autografts has a good result in patients whose TM are seriously innerinvaginated and retracted, or regenerated TM are seriously innerinvaginated and thinnerturned. Because the innerinvaginated TM are perfectly reserved and propped up by tragal cartilage autografts, the therapeutic efficacy is obviously elevated.

    Granular myringitis with otomycosis in 41 cases
    YUE Yaoguang1，OU Yongkang2, XU Yaodong2, ZHANG Weihua1, XIAO Huiliang1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  50-52 . 
    Abstract ( 1850 )   PDF (246KB) ( 1372 )   Save
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    To investigate the diagnosis and treatment in granular myringitis with otomycosis. MethodsFortythree ears of granular myringitis with otomycosis were detected and treated by otoendoscopy between May 2004 and February 2008. Scoraping, clippering and chemical cauterization were performed on the basis of clinical features. Simultaneously pevisone was sprayed over the external canal. ResultsThe cure rate was 95.3%(41/43) in granular myringitis and 90.7% (39/43)in otomycosis, and the recurrence rate was 4.7%(2/43) and 9.3%(4/43) with a followup of more than 6 months. Conclusion Otoendoscopy can elevate the accuracy of diagnosis for granular myringitis with otomycosis, and it in combination with a topical antifungal agent containing glucocorticods can give a satisfactory curative effect.

    Functional endoscopic sinus surgery on olfactory area cilia
    YANG Caihong1, XIAO Erbin2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  56-58 . 
    Abstract ( 1525 )   PDF (392KB) ( 1646 )   Save
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    To explore the influences of olfactory area cilia before and after functional endoscopic sinus surgery for chronic sinusitis complicated with olfactory sensation disorders, and to provide a theoretical foundation for clinical treatment of chronic sinusitis. MethodsOlfactory area membranes of the nasal septum were cut under endoscopy and observed by a transmission electron microscope. ResultsOlfactory sensation recovery rate was 98%, and ultra microstructure of the olfactory epithelium recovered to 80%. ConclusionsUltrastructure disorder of olfactory epithelium cells induced by inflammation has relations to disorder of olfactory sensation. With the recovery of the ultrastructure of the olfactory epithelium, olfactory sensation is improved.
    Articles
    Low-dose multi-slice CT scanning for paranasal sinuses
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  59-62 . 
    Abstract ( 1754 )   PDF (488KB) ( 1350 )   Save
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    To explore the effects of reducing mAs on diagnostic quality of images and the radiation dose to the lens undergoing sinus CT scanning. Methods160 cases were scanned in axial or coronary orientation at different mAs. Lens radiation dose was measured and image quality was evaluated. ResultsMean radiation dose to the lens was reduced in sequence with the reduction of mAs from 200?mAs to 100, 50, and 25?mAs. No significant difference of image quality in the coronary plane scanning groups was shown at 200, 100 and 50?mAs（P＞0.05）. Coronal reconstructed images in axial scanning were statistically poorer than coronal scanning images at groups 50 and 25?mAs（P＜0.05). Conclusion CT coronal scanning in mAs was reduced to 50?mAs without loss of diagnostic image quality. Coronal reconstructed images in axial scanning may take the place of coronal scanning images if mAs is not reduced below 50?mAs.

    IL-12 and IL-4 expressions in nasal polyps  
    LIU Wenlong, XIA Lijun
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  63-65 . 
    Abstract ( 1509 )   PDF (241KB) ( 1468 )   Save
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    To explore the significance of Th1,Th2 and related cytokines in human nasal polyp tissues and to explore the relationship between cytokines and the formative mechanism of nasal polyps. Methods30 cases of nasal polyps and 20 cases of normal middle turbinate mucosa were involved in this study. Fresh samples were prepared into single cell suspension for flow cytometric analysis. Concentrations of IL-12 and IL-4 were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). ResultsTh1 subsets were predominant in the nasal polyps, and Th1 and Th2 subsets in nasal polyps were significantly higher than those in the normal middle turbinate mucosa (controls). Levels of IL-12 and IL-4 in nasal polyp tissues were significantly higher than those in the controls (P<0.05). There was a positive correlation between mean percentage of Th1 subsets and IL-12 in nasal polyps and a positive correlation between mean percentage of Th2 subsets and IL-4 in nasal polyps, but there was a negative correlation between mean percentages of IL-4 and IL-12 in nasal polyps. ConclusionTh cells of nasal polyps are differentiated into Th1 and Th 2 by the effect of IL-12 and IL-4, and both may play certain roles in the occurrence and development of this disease.

    COX-2 and nasal polyps  

    ZHANG Yueqin, QU Ling, CHEN Jing, SONG Meiyan, QIU Yuqin

    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  66-68 . 
    Abstract ( 1574 )   PDF (397KB) ( 1205 )   Save
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    To explore the effect of COX-2 on nasal polyps to search for a new special drug target for nasal polyps. Methods34 cases of nasal polyps did not use any drugs. Based on the Haikou standard (1997), they were divided two groups:the nasal polyp A group(typeⅡ stage1and 2)and the nasal polyp B group(typeⅡ stage3 and typeⅢ nasosinusitis nasal polyps). 10 samples taken from free margins of the concha nasalis inferior served as the controls. By an immunohistochemical SP method, COX-2 protein was detected in nasal polyps and normal concha nasalis inferiors. Using the JD901 image analysis software, we determined the positive staining of cells and dyeing density. The results were analyzed by T test and linear correlation using SPSS statistic software. ResultsProtein expression of COX2 was negative or lowly expressed in the normal mucosa. All sections of nasal polyps showed a significantly high expression of COX-2 (P<0.01). Positive area and density of COX-2 in type Ⅲ were higher than those in type Ⅱ cases(P＜0.05). ConclusionCOX-2 is over expressed in nasal polyps. Its expression level is different in the two types of nasal polyps. This result indicates that the PGE2 pathway participates in the genesis and development of nasal polyps.

    无栏目
    Modified endoscopic nasal lacrimal ostomy
    YUAN Chao1, ZHANG Kaichang1, SU Yueyun2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  69-70 . 
    Abstract ( 1416 )   PDF (243KB) ( 1250 )   Save
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    To improve the successful rate of nasal lacrimal ostomy. MethodsNasal mucosa were subjected to a “工"shaped incision from the front of the middle turbinate, the nose dome, to establish two “门"shaped flaps. The medial wall of the lacrimal sac was also subjected to “工"shaped incision to form a “门"shaped wall flap tear of their nasal mucosa before and after the flap was sutured to cover the bony edge of the stoma. Epidural catheters were inserted from the point of the tears into the lacrimal system and pulled out under the meatus nasolacrimal duct opening and stoma. ResultsSeven days after removal of Polymer expansion materials fixed in the stoma catheter, the “门"shaped flap suture was cured and epiphora symptoms disappeared. The curative rate was 97%. ConclusionThis method is good in forming a smooth stoma and the second channel of the epidural catheter ensures the success of the surgery.

    Corneal neovascularization induced by suture and alkali burn in rabbits: an experimental study
    HAN Xuguang1，2，　WU Xinyi1,　QU Fei3,　SUN Yan2, WANG Xu2,　XU Xianghui2
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  79-82 . 
    Abstract ( 1530 )   PDF (560KB) ( 1325 )   Save
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    To explore the growth of corneal neovascularization induced by suture and alkali burn and to explore expression of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF). MethodsAll animals(n=75) were randomly divided into three groups: the control group (5 rabbits), the suture group（35 rabbits) and the alkali burn group (35 rabbits). Biomicroscopic features including length and area of corneal neovascularization were observed.　Immunoreaction of VEGF was detected on the 1st，　 2nd, 3rd， 5th， 7th， 10th an 14th day after the operations.　ResultsCorneal neovascularization began to invade the cornea on day 3 and flourished on day 7， then reached its developmental peak on day 10， and gradually regressed after day 14. The CNV area of the suture group was significantly smaller than that of the alkali burn group. In CNV tissues, positive immune reaction of VEGF was most apparent during the 3rd to the 7th day, and then remarkably declined on the 10th day. But positive immune reaction of VEGF of the sutureinduced group declined more quickly than that of the alkali burn group. ConclusionIn this study, alkali burn induced more CNV, which slowly declined, and suture had better controllability for area of CNV.

    Application of OCT in acute primary angleclosure glaucoma
    LI Wenjing, SHEN Jiaquan, WANG Cong
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  86-88 . 
    Abstract ( 1705 )   PDF (249KB) ( 1758 )   Save
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    To explore the change law of the retinal nerve fiber layer （RNFL） thickness in acute primary angleclosure glaucoma （APACG）. Methods26 subjects of APACG with the first acute attack(＜6?hours) and 30 normal controls were included in this study. The RNFL thickness was accessed by optical coherence tomography （OCT）on the 1st day when the cornea became clear and at 1 week,1 month, 3 months，and 6 months after intraocular pressure( IOP) was controlled（5 times ）. RNFL thickness was compared between attacked eyes and normal control eyes. ResultsRNFL thickness on the 1st day of corneal transparency（122.14±21.37）μm was thicker than that of normal controls（P<0.01）.At 1 week after IOP was controlled, RNFL thickness （110.25±17.43）μm was thicker than that of normal controls （P<0.05）. At 1 month after IOP was controlled, RNFL thickness （103.34±15.19）μm was a little thicker than that of normal controls （P>0.05）, there was no significant difference. At 3 months （102.56±14.11）μm and 6 months （101.22±15.54）μm after IOP was controlled, RNFL thickness was a little thinner than that of normal control (P>0.05) , and there were no significant differences. ConclusionIn the early period, acute rising of IOP caused edema of the retina, and RNFL became thicker. After IOP decreased to a normal range, RNFL became thinner. At 3 and 6 months after IOP was controlled, the RNFL thickness tended to be stable.
    Nd:YAG laser in combination with annular silicone intubation
    in treatment of lacrimal passage obstruction
    LI Xiugui, WU Xinyi
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  89-90 . 
    Abstract ( 1830 )   PDF (220KB) ( 1593 )   Save
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    To evaluate the clinical effect of Nd:YAG laser in combination with an annular silicone intubation for obstruction of the lacrimal passage. Methods90 patients (94 eyes) were treated. The silicone tube was kept in place for 36 months. After surgeries, recovery of lacrimal passage function was followed up for a mean of 6 months. ResultsThe lacrimal passage of 84 eyes was cured (89.36%) and of 8 eyes turned better (8.51%). The effective rate was 97.87%. ConclusionNd:YAG laser in combination with an annular silicone tube is useful in treatment of obstruction of the lacrimal passage.
    Clinical characteristics and surgery of restricted
    strabismus following retinal detachment surgery
    LIU Wei1,2, FU Te1, ZHANG Jun1, WANG Yu1
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  91-93 . 
    Abstract ( 1739 )   PDF (255KB) ( 1372 )   Save
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    To investigate the clinical characteristics and evaluate the surgical results in strabismus eyes which had undergone retinal detachment surgery. Methods17 cases(20 eyes)of restricted strabismus following retinal surgery were examined using prism alternative cover tests or Krimsky tests， and eyeball movement and diplopia analyses before and after strabismus operations.ResultsThe main feature of restricted strabismus was that the direction of strabismus corresponded with the extraocular muscles restricted and opposed to the most position in diplopia and restricted binocular motility．Strabotomy could completely or partly eliminate diplopia， especially it could correct the restricted strabismus in the primary position and in the read location. ConclusionStrabismus following retinal detachment surgery is a restrictive strabismus. Strabotomy is effective in the treatment of restrictive strabismus.
    Articles
    Suturing the bulbar conjunctiva and fascial（subTenon） flap in for filter
    degree of the bleb in in trabeculectomy to treat glaucoma
    YANG Jiagan, LI Shujie, ZHANG Ying
    JOURNAL OF SHANDONG UNIVERSITY (OTOLARYNGOLOGY AND OPHTHALMOLOGY). 2009, 23(2):  94-97 . 
    Abstract ( 1972 )   PDF (277KB) ( 1594 )   Save
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    To explore the effect of two ways of suturing the bulbar conjunctiva and facial（subTenon） flap on filter degree of the bleb in trabeculectomy for glaucoma. Methods59 eyes in females and 41 eyes in males, with a mean age of 57 years were enrolled in the treatment group. Of them, 58 eyes were acute angleclosure glaucoma in an alleviated period,8 eyes were chronic angleclosure glaucoma and 34 eyes were primary angleclosure glaucoma. 58 eyes in females and 42 eyes in males, with a mean age of 59 years were enrolled in the control group. Of them, 56 eyes were acute angleclosure glaucoma in an alleviated period, 9 eyes were chronic angleclosure glaucoma and 35 eyes were primary angleclosure glaucoma. Filter degree of the follicle of the two ways was recorded at the 1st, 6th, 12th, 18th and 24th month after trabeculectomy using TOPCON slit lamp and the relation between way of suturing and filter degree of the follicle were analyzed. During the operations, 2% lidocaine was used for infiltration anesthetization, the bulbar conjunctiva was cut 7.5?mm above the limbus corneae and bluntly separated 2?mm toward the limbus corneae, and the fascial flap was cut. Then the facial flap was continuously sutured with an 8/0 absorbable suture, and the conjunctival flap with an 8/0 absorbable suture. ResultsThe Bleb of the two groups were all well filtered in a 16 month period after trabeculectomy and differences between the two groups were not significant（P>0.05）, but differences in filter degree of the bleb in the two groups were significantly different(P<0.05) on the 12th, 18th, and 24th month after trabeculectomy, and differences extended with time. ConclusionCrossbedded suturing of the bulbar conjunctiva and fascial flap can

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