上海市杨浦区2022—2024年6~9岁学龄儿童屈光状态分析

doi:10.6040/j.issn.1673-3770.0.2025.291

摘要/Abstract

摘要： 目的了解上海市杨浦区2022—2024年6~9岁学龄儿童屈光状态变化特点,分析新发近视的影响因素,为相关部门精准开展近视防控提供科学依据。方法从上海市杨浦区北部、中部和南部地区各随机抽取一所小学,以3所小学2022年9月一至三年级全体学生为研究对象,收集其2022—2024年屈光检查数据。屈光检查包括裸眼远视力检查、非睫状肌麻痹下电脑验光及眼轴长度(axial length, AL)测量。采用Kolmogorov-Smirnov法检验计量资料的正态性;计数资料以频数描述,组间比较采用χ2检验;采用广义估计方程分析重复测量资料的组间差异及新发近视的影响因素。结果等效球镜(spherical equivalent, SE)和AL在各随访时期及各基线年龄组的差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。不同时期各年龄组间远视、近视前期及近视检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.05)。女生(OR=1.608,95%CI:1.218~2.124)、近视前期(OR=4.447,95%CI:2.513~7.871)及基线眼轴长度(OR=1.505,95%CI:1.225~1.850)是新发近视的独立危险因素(P<0.01)。结论上海市杨浦区6~9岁学龄儿童近视率较高,远视储备不足问题突出。应前移防控关口,加强学龄前儿童屈光监测,并对近视前期儿童实施积极干预。

关键词: 学龄儿童, 屈光状态, 远视储备, 近视前期, 近视

Abstract: Objective To investigate the characteristics of refractive status changes and analyze the influencing factors of new-onset myopia among school-aged children aged 6-9 years in Yangpu District, Shanghai from 2022 to 2024, so as to provide scientific evidence for precise prevention and control of myopia by relevant government departments. Methods One primary school was randomly selected from each of the northern, central and southern areas of Yangpu District, Shanghai. All students in grades 1 to 3 from these three primary schools in September 2022 were enrolled as study subjects. Refractive examination data from 2022 to 2024 were collected, including uncorrected distance visual acuity test, non-cycloplegic autorefraction and axial length(AL)measurement. Normality of numerical data was tested by Kolmogorov-Smirnov method. Categorical data were described by frequencies, and comparisons between groups were performed using χ2 test. Generalized estimating equation was used to analyze differences between groups in repeated measurement data and factors influencing new-onset myopia. Results There were statistically significant differences in spherical equivalent(SE)and AL among different follow-up periods and baseline age groups(P<0.05). The detection rates of hyperopia, pre-myopia and myopia among different age groups at different periods showed statistically significant differences(P<0.05). Girls(OR=1.608, 95%CI: 1.218-2.124), pre-myopia(OR=4.447, 95%CI: 2.513-7.871)and baseline axial length(OR=1.505, 95%CI: 1.225-1.850)were independent risk factors for new-onset myopia(P<0.01). Conclusion The myopia rate among school-aged children aged 6-9 years in Yangpu District, Shanghai is relatively high, with insufficient hyperopia reserve being a prominent issue. The prevention and control checkpoint should be moved forward, refractive monitoring in preschool children should be strengthened, and active interventions should be implemented for children with pre-myopia.

Key words: School-age children, Refractive status, Hyperopia reserve, Pre-myopia, Myopia

中图分类号:

R778

朱希倩,王佳,孙祖贤,冯建秀,张梦佳,赵颖,王宏,姜敏敏. 上海市杨浦区2022—2024年6~9岁学龄儿童屈光状态分析[J]. 山东大学耳鼻喉眼学报, 2026, 40(3): 102-109.

ZHU Xiqian, WANG Jia, SUN Zuxian, FENG Jianxiu, ZHANG Mengjia, ZHAO Ying, WANG Hong, JIANG Minmin. Refractive status of school-aged children aged 6-9 years in Yangpu District, Shanghai, 2022-2024: a cohort study[J]. Journal of Otolaryngology and Ophthalmology of Shandong University, 2026, 40(3): 102-109.

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